1
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Zhang G, Zhang Y, Li P, Zhou C, Wang M, Wang L. Metal-Free Synthesis of 2 H-Indazole Skeletons by Photochemistry or Thermochemistry. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12341-12356. [PMID: 37582245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple and tuned synthesis of a 2H-indazole skeleton under metal-free conditions was developed. Under visible-light irradiation at room temperature, 2-((aryl/alkyl/H)ethynyl))aryltriazenes reacted with arylsulfinic acids to afford 3-functionalized 2H-indazoles without extra photocatalyst via an electron donor-acceptor complex. In the presence of arylsulfinic acid, 2-(ethynyl)aryltriazenes underwent an intramolecular oxidation/cyclization to provide 2H-indazole-3-carbaldehydes at 50 °C in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Scienes, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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2
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Padder AH, Bhat MY, Prakash Rao HS, Gupta R, Ahmed QN. Microwave‐Assisted PEG‐400 Medaited Synthesis of 4,5‐dihydro‐1
H
‐benzo[
g
]indazole Derivatives: An Enaminone Approach. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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3
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Zou D, Wang W, Hu Y, Jia T. Nitroarenes and nitroalkenes as potential amino sources for the synthesis of N-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2254-2271. [PMID: 36825326 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-compounds are one of the cheapest and most readily available materials in the chemical industry and are commonly utilized as versatile building blocks. Previously, the synthesis of N-heterocycles was largely based on anilines. The utilization of nitroarenes and nitroalkenes for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds can save at least one step, however, as compared to anilines. Thus, considerable attention has been paid to nitroarenes and nitroalkenes as new potential amino sources. Significant progress has been made in the reductive cyclization of nitroarenes or nitroalkenes to access various N-heterocycles in recent years. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the recent progress in the construction of N-heterocycles using nitroarenes and nitroalkenes as potential amino sources. The compatibility of the reaction substrate, its mechanism, applications, advantages, and limitations in this field are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qiantang Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yaqin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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4
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Pei M, Tian A, Yang Q, Huang N, Wang L, Li D. Organophosphorus catalytic reaction based on reduction of phosphine oxide. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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5
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Mal S, Malik U, Mahapatra M, Mishra A, Pal D, Paidesetty SK. A review on synthetic strategy, molecular pharmacology of indazole derivatives, and their future perspective. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1469-1504. [PMID: 35971890 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With different nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties, Indazoles earn one of the places among the top investigated molecules in medicinal research. Indazole, an important fused aromatic heterocyclic system containing benzene and pyrazole ring with a chemical formula of C7 H6 N2 , is also called benzopyrazole. Indazoles consist of three tautomeric forms in which 1H-tautomers (indazoles) and 2H-tautomers (isoindazoles) exist in all phases. The tautomerism in indazoles greatly influences synthesis, reactivity, physical and even the biological properties of indazoles. The thermodynamic internal energy calculation of these tautomers points view 1H-indazole as the predominant and stable form over 2H-indazole. The natural source of indazole is limited and exists in alkaloidal nature (i.e., nigellidine, nigeglanine, nigellicine, etc.) found from Nigella plants. Some of the FDA-approved drugs like Axitinib, Entrectinib, Niraparib, Benzydamine, and Granisetron are being used to treat renal cell cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), epithelial ovarian cancer, chronic inflammation, chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and many more uses. Besides all these advantages regarding its biological activity, the main issue about indazoles is the less abundance in plant sources, and their synthetic derivatives also often face problems with low yield. In this review article, we discuss its chemistry, tautomerism along with their effects, different schematics for the synthesis of indazole derivatives, and their different biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvadeep Mal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Udita Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Monalisa Mahapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dilipkumar Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sudhir K Paidesetty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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6
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Synthesis, Antiprotozoal Activity, and Cheminformatic Analysis of 2-Phenyl-2 H-Indazole Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082145. [PMID: 33917871 PMCID: PMC8068258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indazole is an important scaffold in medicinal chemistry. At present, the progress on synthetic methodologies has allowed the preparation of several new indazole derivatives with interesting pharmacological properties. Particularly, the antiprotozoal activity of indazole derivatives have been recently reported. Herein, a series of 22 indazole derivatives was synthesized and studied as antiprotozoals. The 2-phenyl-2H-indazole scaffold was accessed by a one-pot procedure, which includes a combination of ultrasound synthesis under neat conditions as well as Cadogan's cyclization. Moreover, some compounds were derivatized to have an appropriate set to provide structure-activity relationships (SAR) information. Whereas the antiprotozoal activity of six of these compounds against E. histolytica, G. intestinalis, and T. vaginalis had been previously reported, the activity of the additional 16 compounds was evaluated against these same protozoa. The biological assays revealed structural features that favor the antiprotozoal activity against the three protozoans tested, e.g., electron withdrawing groups at the 2-phenyl ring. It is important to mention that the indazole derivatives possess strong antiprotozoal activity and are also characterized by a continuous SAR.
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7
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Lashkari S, Shahraki M, Darijani M, Mahmoudi F. A density functional theory study of the synthesis of 3-phospholene oxide through the McCormack cycloaddition reaction. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1845682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrieh Lashkari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahraki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Darijani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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8
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Lipshultz JM, Li G, Radosevich AT. Main Group Redox Catalysis of Organopnictogens: Vertical Periodic Trends and Emerging Opportunities in Group 15. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1699-1721. [PMID: 33464903 PMCID: PMC7934640 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of organopnictogen redox catalytic methods have emerged-especially within the past 10 years-that leverage the plentiful reversible two-electron redox chemistry within Group 15. The goal of this Perspective is to provide readers the context to understand the dramatic developments in organopnictogen catalysis over the past decade with an eye toward future development. An exposition of the fundamental differences in the atomic structure and bonding of the pnictogens, and thus the molecular electronic structure of organopnictogen compounds, is presented to establish the backdrop against which organopnictogen redox reactivity-and ultimately catalysis-is framed. A deep appreciation of these underlying periodic principles informs an understanding of the differing modes of organopnictogen redox catalysis and evokes the key challenges to the field moving forward. We close by addressing forward-looking directions likely to animate this area in the years to come. What new catalytic manifolds can be developed through creative catalyst and reaction design that take advantage of the intrinsic redox reactivity of the pnictogens to drive new discoveries in catalysis?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Lipshultz
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Khalili D, Evazi R, Neshat A, Aboonajmi J. Copper(I) Complex of Dihydro Bis(2‐Mercapto Benzimidazolyl) Borate as an Efficient Homogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2
H
‐Indazoles and 5‐Substituted 1
H
‐Tetrazoles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Khalili
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz 71467-13565 Iran
| | - Roya Evazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz 71467-13565 Iran
| | - Abdollah Neshat
- Department of Chemistry Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Zanjan 45137-66731 Iran
| | - Jasem Aboonajmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz 71467-13565 Iran
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10
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Liu J, Liu N, Yang Q, Wang L. Visible-light-driven photocyclization reaction: photocatalyst-free mediated intramolecular N–N coupling for the synthesis of 2 H-indazole-3-carboxamides from aryl azides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00777g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven photocyclization reaction of aryl azides to access 2H-indazole-3-carboxamides in moderate to excellent yields has been realized efficiently under photocatalyst-free and external additive-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinni Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
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11
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Solomin VV, Seins A, Jirgensons A. Synthesis of indazoles from 2-formylphenylboronic acids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22710-22714. [PMID: 35480464 PMCID: PMC9034367 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of indazoles was developed which involves a copper(ii) acetate catalysed reaction of 2-formylboronic acids with diazadicaboxylates followed by acid or base induced ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii V. Solomin
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Riga
- Latvia
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry
- Riga Technical University
| | - Alberts Seins
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Riga
- Latvia
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry
- Riga Technical University
| | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Riga
- Latvia
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry
- Riga Technical University
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12
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13
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Abstract
Imines, versatile intermediates for organic synthesis, can be exploited for the
preparation of diverse classes of biologically active benzazoles. Because of the special
characteristics of the C=N bond, imines can be simultaneously used in the synthesis of
1,3-benzazoles and 1,2-benzazoles. With the development of imine synthesis, a variety of
novel cascade reactions for benzazole synthesis have been reported in the last decade.
Therefore, there is a strong need to elucidate the recent progress in the formation of various
classes of benzazoles, including benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles, indazoles,
and benzisoxazoles, via imines obtained by condensation reactions or oxidative/
redox coupling reactions In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of this
area. In particular, various green and mild synthetic methodologies are summarized, and
the multiple roles of novel catalysts and significant mechanisms for several transformations are highlighted in
detail. We believe that this review will aid researchers studying the synthesis of complex molecules containing
the benzazole motif via imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengbi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yingbo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhuang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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14
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Alsalim R, Lindemann P, López-Alberca MP, Miksche S, Czechtizky W, Halland N, Nazaré M. A Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reaction To Access 3-Amino-2 H-indazoles from Hydrazines and 2-Halobenzonitriles. Org Lett 2020; 22:7393-7396. [PMID: 32870012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a novel selective synthesis of 3-amino-2H-indazoles from readily available 2-halobenzonitriles is presented. The reaction proceeds through a domino reaction sequence, consisting of a regioselective palladium-catalyzed coupling of monosubstituted hydrazines with 2-halobenzonitriles, followed by an intramolecular hydroamination through a 5-exo-dig cyclization and subsequent isomerization to directly afford a wide variety of substituted 2H-indazole analogues in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Alsalim
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Lindemann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - María Pascual López-Alberca
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Miksche
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werngard Czechtizky
- Sanofi R&D, Industriepark Höchst Building G838, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nis Halland
- Sanofi R&D, Industriepark Höchst Building G838, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Gao Y, Yang S, Huo Y, Hu X. Recent Progress on Reductive Coupling of Nitroarenes by Using Organosilanes as Convenient Reductants. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science School of Chemistry and Materials Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
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16
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Li J, Shi L, Zhang SP, Wang XY, Zhu X, Hao XQ, Song MP. Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Cyanation of 2 H-Indazole with N-Cyano- N-phenyl- p-toluenesulfonamide. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10835-10845. [PMID: 32692175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A Rh(III)-catalyzed direct cyanation of 2H-indazoles with N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide has been realized via a chelation-assisted strategy. The methodology enables regioselective access to various ortho-cyanated phenylindazoles in good yields with a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. The obtained cyanated indazoles could further be converted into other value-added chemicals. Importantly, the current protocol is featured with several characteristics, including a novel cyanating agent, good regioselectivity, and operational convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinju Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
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17
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Bagi P, Herbay R, Péczka N, Mucsi Z, Timári I, Keglevich AG. Preparation of 2-phospholene oxides by the isomerization of 3-phospholene oxides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:818-832. [PMID: 32395185 PMCID: PMC7189000 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1-substituted-3-methyl-2-phospholene oxides was prepared from the corresponding 3-phospholene oxides by double bond rearrangement. The 2-phospholene oxides could be obtained by heating the 3-phospholene oxides in methanesulfonic acid, or via the formation of cyclic chlorophosphonium salts. Whereas mixtures of the 2- and 3-phospholene oxides formed, when the isomerization of 3-phospholene oxides was attempted under thermal conditions, or in the presence of a base. The mechanisms of the various double bond migration pathways were elucidated by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Bagi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Herbay
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Péczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - István Timári
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - And György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Kaldhi D, Gujjarappa R, Vodnala N, Kabi AK, Aljaar N, Malakar CC. Mo(VI)-catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Aryl-2 H-indazoles Using Pinacol Mediated Deoxygenation of Nitroaromatics. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Kaldhi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal – 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal – 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal – 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Arup K. Kabi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal – 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Nayyef Aljaar
- Chemistry Department, the Hashemite University, P. O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal – 795004, Manipur, India
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19
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Zhu JS, Haddadin MJ, Kurth MJ. Davis-Beirut Reaction: Diverse Chemistries of Highly Reactive Nitroso Intermediates in Heterocycle Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2256-2265. [PMID: 31328502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Indazoles are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles because of their excellent performance in biologically relevant applications, such as in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. In these applications, convenient synthesis using commercially available and diverse building blocks is highly desirable. Within this broad class, 2H-indazoles are relatively underexploited when compared to 1H-indazole, perhaps because of regioselectivity issues associated with the synthesis of 2H-indazoles. This Account describes our unfolding of the synthetic utility of the Davis-Beirut reaction (DBR) for the construction of 2H-indazoles and their derivatives; parallel unfoldings of mechanistic models for these interrelated N-N bond forming reactions are also summarized. The Davis-Beirut reaction is a robust method that exploits the diverse chemistries of a key nitroso imine or nitroso benzaldehyde intermediate generated in situ under redox neutral conditions. The resulting N-N bond-forming heterocyclization between nucleophilic and electrophilic nitrogens can be leveraged for the synthesis of multiple classes of indazoles and their derivatives, such as simple or fused indazolones, thiazolo-indazoles, 3-alkoxy-2H-indazoles, 2H-indazole N-oxides, and 2H-indazoles with various substitutions on the ring system or the nitrogens. These diverse products can all be synthesized under alkaline conditions and the various strategies for accessing these heterocycles are discussed. Alternatively, we have also developed methods involving mild photochemical conditions for the nitrobenzyl → aci-nitro → nitroso imine sequence. Solvent consideration is especially important for modulating the chemistry of the reactive intermediates in these reactions; the presence of water is critically important in some cases, but water's beneficial effect has a ceiling because of the alternative reaction pathways it enables. Fused 2H-indazoles readily undergo ring opening reactions to give indazolones when treated with nucleophiles or electrophiles. Furthermore, palladium-catalyzed cross coupling, the Sonagashira reaction, EDC amide coupling, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with nitrile oxides, copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloadditions (click reaction), as well as copper-free click reactions, can all be used late-stage to modify 2H-indazoles and indazolones. The continued development and applications of the Davis-Beirut reaction has provided many insights for taming the reactivity of highly reactive nitro and nitroso groups, which still has a plethora of underexplored chemistries and challenges. For example, there is currently a limited number of nonfused 2H-indazole examples containing an aryl substitution at nitrogen. This is caused by relatively slow N-N bond formation between N-aryl imine and nitroso reactants, which allows water to add to the key nitroso imine intermediate causing imine bond cleavage to be a competitive reaction pathway rather than proceeding through the desired N-N bond-forming heterocyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie S. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis California 95616, United States
| | | | - Mark J. Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis California 95616, United States
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20
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Kraemer N, Li CJ, Zhu JS, Larach JM, Tsui KY, Tantillo DJ, Haddadin MJ, Kurth MJ. Davis-Beirut Reaction: A Photochemical Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Route to N-Aryl 2 H-Indazoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:6058-6062. [PMID: 31339318 PMCID: PMC6698363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Davis-Beirut reaction provides access to 2H-indazoles from aromatic nitro compounds. However, N-aryl targets have been traditionally challenging to access due to competitive alternate reaction pathways. Previously, the key nitroso imine intermediate was generated under alkaline conditions, but as reported here, the photochemistry of o-nitrobenzyl alcohols empowered Brønsted acid catalyzed conditions for accessing N-aryl targets. Anilines and alkyl amines give different outcomes under optimized conditions; the proposed mechanism was studied using quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Kraemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Clarabella J. Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jie S. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Julio M. Larach
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ka Yi Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | | | - Mark J. Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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21
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Schoene J, Gazzi T, Lindemann P, Christmann M, Volkamer A, Nazaré M. Probing 2
H
‐Indazoles as Templates for SGK1, Tie2, and SRC Kinase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1514-1527. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schoene
- Medicinal ChemistryLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus BerlinBuch Robert-Roessle-Str. 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Thais Gazzi
- Medicinal ChemistryLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus BerlinBuch Robert-Roessle-Str. 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Lindemann
- Medicinal ChemistryLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus BerlinBuch Robert-Roessle-Str. 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Organische ChemieInstitut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Andrea Volkamer
- In silico Toxicology and Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute of PhysiologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Medicinal ChemistryLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus BerlinBuch Robert-Roessle-Str. 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2 10178 Berlin Germany
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22
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Kondo M, Takizawa S, Jiang Y, Sasai H. Room-Temperature, Metal-Free, and One-Pot Preparation of 2H-Indazoles through a Mills Reaction and Cyclization Sequence. Chemistry 2019; 25:9866-9869. [PMID: 31150138 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Mills reaction and cyclization of readily available 2-aminobenzyl alcohols and nitrosobenzenes using thionyl bromide provided 2H-indazoles in up to 88 % yields. In the metal-free process, acetic acid played a crucial role for the both Mills reaction and cyclization. A brominated 2H-indazole could also be obtained through the one-pot sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kondo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Research Center, ISIR, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuzhao Jiang
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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23
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Lorton C, Castanheiro T, Voituriez A. Catalytic and Asymmetric Process via PIII/PV═O Redox Cycling: Access to (Trifluoromethyl)cyclobutenes via a Michael Addition/Wittig Olefination Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10142-10147. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lorton
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Castanheiro
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Voituriez
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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24
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Zhu JS, Li CJ, Tsui KY, Kraemer N, Son JH, Haddadin MJ, Tantillo DJ, Kurth MJ. Accessing Multiple Classes of 2 H-Indazoles: Mechanistic Implications for the Cadogan and Davis-Beirut Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6247-6253. [PMID: 30912441 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Cadogan cyclization is a robust but harsh method for the synthesis of 2 H-indazoles, a valuable class of nitrogen heterocycles. Although nitrene generation by exhaustive deoxygenation is widely accepted as the operating mechanism in the reductive cyclization of nitroaromatics, non-nitrene pathways have only been theorized previously. Here, 2 H-indazole N-oxides were synthesized through an interrupted Cadogan/Davis-Beirut reaction and are presented as direct evidence of competent oxygenated intermediates; mechanistic implications for both reactions are discussed. Isolation and characterization of these N-oxides enabled a formal Cadogan cyclization at room temperature for 2 H-indazole synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie S Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Clarabella J Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Ka Yi Tsui
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Niklas Kraemer
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Jung-Ho Son
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Makhluf J Haddadin
- Department of Chemistry , American University of Beirut , Beirut 1107 2020 , Lebanon
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Mark J Kurth
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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25
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Liu S, Xu L, Wei Y. One-Pot, Multistep Reactions for the Modular Synthesis of N,N′-Diarylindazol-3-ones. J Org Chem 2018; 84:1596-1604. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xin-jiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xin-jiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yu Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xin-jiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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26
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Zhang SG, Liang CG, Zhang WH. Recent Advances in Indazole-Containing Derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Perspectives. Molecules 2018; 23:E2783. [PMID: 30373212 PMCID: PMC6278422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Indazole-containing derivatives represent one of the most important heterocycles in drug molecules. Diversely substituted indazole derivatives bear a variety of functional groups and display versatile biological activities; hence, they have gained considerable attention in the field of medicinal chemistry. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in various methods for the synthesis of indazole derivatives. The current developments in the biological activities of indazole-based compounds are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Guang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Chao-Gen Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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