1
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Bugaenko DI, Malashchenko NA, Kopytov SO, Lukonina NS, Karchava AV. (Indol-3-yl)(DMIX)Iodonium Salts: Novel Electrophilic Indole Reagents. Org Lett 2024; 26:3189-3194. [PMID: 38587312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A new umpolung approach to the C3-H functionalization of indoles with diverse nucleophiles based on the intermediate formation of I(III) reagents is described. The 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl auxiliary allows for selective indole transfer under catalyst-free conditions, which was impossible using previously reported reagents. Combining the mildness of transition-metal-free conditions and the high reactivity of hypervalent iodine reagents, this protocol tolerates various functional groups and provides access to indoles that are difficult to prepare conventionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Bugaenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Sergei O Kopytov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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2
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Khairul WM, Hashim F, Rahamathullah R, Mohammed M, Aisyah Razali S, Ahmad Tajudin Tuan Johari S, Azizan S. Exploring ethynyl-based chalcones as green semiconductor materials for optical limiting interests. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123776. [PMID: 38134650 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of molecular electronics from non-toxic functional materials which eventually would potentially able to degrade or being breaking down into safe by-products have attracted much interests in recent years. Hence, in this study, the introduction of mixed highly functional substructures of chalcone (-CO-CH=CH-) and ethynylated (C≡C) as building blocks has shown ideal performance as solution-processed thin film candidatures. Two types of derivatives, (MM-3a) and (MM-3b) repectively, showed a substantial Stokes shifts at 75 nm and 116 nm, in which such emission exhibits an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state and fluoresce characteristics. The density functional theory (DFT) simulation shows that MM-3a and MM-3b exhibit low energy gaps of 3.70 eV and 2.81 eV, respectively. TD-DFT computations for molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) were also used to emphasise the structure-property relationship. A solution-processed thin film with a single layer of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MM-3a-MM-3b/Au exhibited electroluminescence behaviour with orange and purple emissions when supplied with direct current (DC) voltages. To promote the safer application of the derivatives formed, ethynylated chalcone materials underwent toxicity studies toward Acanthamoeba sp. to determine their suitability as non-toxic molecules prior to the determination as safer materials in optical limiting interests. From the preliminary test, no IC50 value was obtained for both compounds via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay analysis and molecular docking analysis between MM-3a and MM-3b, with profilin protein exhibited weak bond interactions and attaining huge interaction distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan M Khairul
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Fatimah Hashim
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Biological Security and Sustainability Research Interest Group (BIOSES), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Rafizah Rahamathullah
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Level 1, Block S2, UniCITI Alam Campus, Sungai Chuchuh, Padang Besar, 02100 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mas Mohammed
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Razali
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Biological Security and Sustainability Research Interest Group (BIOSES), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Syed Ahmad Tajudin Tuan Johari
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus. 20400 kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suha Azizan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3
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Thrinadh Kumar R, Makam P, Katari NK, Kottalanka RK. A new synthetic approach to cyclic ureas through carbonylation using di- tert-butyl dicarbonate (boc anhydride) via one pot strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7821-7830. [PMID: 37724395 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01330h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A new approach has been successfully employed to synthesize cyclic ureas via carbonylation, utilizing Boc anhydride and employing K2CO3 as a base along with N,N-dimethylformamide as the solvent. Remarkably high yields were achieved using K2CO3 in conjunction with (Boc)2O, enabling the streamlined preparation of benzimidazolones and 2-benzoxazolones within a single reaction vessel. Significantly, this approach obviates the necessity for using any dangerous reagents, rendering it environmentally friendly, and its key benefit lies in being a metal-free system. The method stands out for its efficiency, concise pathway, optimization from readily accessible starting materials, and ease of execution. The resulting benzimidazolones and 2-benzoxazolones were thoroughly characterized using techniques including LCMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeti Thrinadh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India.
- Aragen Life Sciences Ltd, 28A, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana-500076, India
| | - Parameshwar Makam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248007, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana-502329, India.
| | - Ravi K Kottalanka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India.
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4
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Roy S, Panja S, Sahoo SR, Chatterjee S, Maiti D. Enroute sustainability: metal free C-H bond functionalisation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2391-2479. [PMID: 36924227 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The term "C-H functionalisation" incorporates C-H activation followed by its transformation. In a single line, this can be defined as the conversion of carbon-hydrogen bonds into carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds. The catalytic functionalisation of C-H bonds using transition metals has emerged as an atom-economical technique to engender new bonds without activated precursors which can be considered as a major drawback while attempting large-scale synthesis. Replacing the transition-metal-catalysed approach with a metal-free strategy significantly offers an alternative route that is not only inexpensive but also environmentally benign to functionalize C-H bonds. Recently metal free synthetic approaches have been flourishing to functionalize C-H bonds, motivated by the search for greener, cost-effective, and non-toxic catalysts. In this review, we will highlight the comprehensive and up-to-date discussion on recent examples of ground-breaking research on green and sustainable metal-free C-H bond functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Subir Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sumeet Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sagnik Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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5
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Le Du E, Ramirez NP, Nicolai S, Scopelliti R, Fadaei‐Tirani F, Wodrich MD, Hari DP, Waser J. X‐Ray and NMR Structural Data of Ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs) Reagents and Their Analogues. Helv Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Le Du
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC LCSO BCH 4306, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nieves P. Ramirez
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC LCSO BCH 4306, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Stefano Nicolai
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC LCSO BCH 4306, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC GE BCH 2111, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei‐Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC GE BCH 2111, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Matthew D. Wodrich
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC LCSO BCH 4306, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Durga Prasad Hari
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC LCSO BCH 4306, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC LCSO BCH 4306, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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6
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Sihag M, Soni R, Rani N, Kinger M, Kumar Aneja D. Recent Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. A Review in Three Installments: Installment I. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sihag
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Rinku Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Aneja
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
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7
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Uçar S, Daştan A. Recent Advances in the Transition-Metal-Free Arylation of Heteroarenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTransition-metal-free arylation reactions have attracted considerable attention for economic and environmental reasons over the past 40 years. In recent years, much effort has been made to develop efficient transition-metal-free approaches for the arylation of heteroarenes. Covering the literature from 2015 to early 2021, this review aims to provide a thorough overview of the synthetic and mechanistic aspects of these atom-economical and environmentally benign reactions.1 Introduction2 Arylation of Pre-functionalized Heteroarenes2.1 Arylation of Heteroaryl Halides2.2 Decarboxylative Arylation of Heteroarenes3 Direct C–H Arylation of Heteroarenes3.1 C(sp2)–H Arylation3.2 C(sp3)–H Arylation4 N-Arylation of Heteroarenes5 Summary and Outlook
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8
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Xu F, Smith MW. A general approach to 2,2-disubstituted indoxyls: total synthesis of brevianamide A and trigonoliimine C. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13756-13763. [PMID: 34760160 PMCID: PMC8549782 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The indoxyl unit is a common structural motif in alkaloid natural products and bioactive compounds. Here, we report a general method that transforms readily available 2-substituted indoles into 2,2-disubstituted indoxyls via nucleophile coupling with a 2-alkoxyindoxyl intermediate and showcase its utility in short total syntheses of the alkaloids brevianamide A (7 steps) and trigonoliimine C (6 steps). The developed method is operationally simple and demonstrates broad scope in terms of nucleophile identity and indole substitution, tolerating 2-alkyl substituents and free indole N-H groups, elements beyond the scope of most prior approaches. Spirocyclic indoxyl products are also accessible via intramolecular nucleophilic trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas Texas 75390 USA
| | - Myles W Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas Texas 75390 USA
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9
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Robidas R, Legault CY. Cyclic Haloiodanes: Syntheses, Applications and Fundamental Studies. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Robidas
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Claude Y. Legault
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
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10
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Le Du E, Duhail T, Wodrich MD, Scopelliti R, Fadaei‐Tirani F, Anselmi E, Magnier E, Waser J. Structure and Reactivity of N-Heterocyclic Alkynyl Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Chemistry 2021; 27:10979-10986. [PMID: 33978974 PMCID: PMC8361724 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ethynylbenziodoxol(on)e (EBX) cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents have become popular reagents for the alkynylation of radicals and nucleophiles, but only offer limited possibilities for further structure and reactivity fine-tuning. Herein, the synthesis of new N-heterocyclic hypervalent iodine reagents with increased structural flexibility based on amide, amidine and sulfoximine scaffolds is reported. Solid-state structures of the reagents are reported and the analysis of the I-Calkyne bond lengths allowed assessing the trans-effect of the different substituents. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps of the reagents, derived from DFT computations, revealed less pronounced σ-hole regions for sulfonamide-based compounds. Most reagents reacted well in the alkynylation of β-ketoesters. The alkynylation of thiols afforded more variable yields, with compounds with a stronger σ-hole reacting better. In metal-mediated transformations, the N-heterocyclic hypervalent iodine reagents gave inferior results when compared to the O-based EBX reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Le Du
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 43061015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Thibaut Duhail
- Institut Lavoisier de VersaillesUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 81807800VersaillesFrance
| | - Matthew D. Wodrich
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 43061015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC GE, BCH 2111, 1015 LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 43061015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei‐Tirani
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC GE, BCH 2111, 1015 LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 43061015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Elsa Anselmi
- Institut Lavoisier de VersaillesUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 81807800VersaillesFrance
- Université de ToursFaculté des Sciences et Techniques37200ToursFrance
| | - Emmanuel Magnier
- Institut Lavoisier de VersaillesUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 81807800VersaillesFrance
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 43061015LausanneSwitzerland
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11
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Ranjani G, Nagarajan R. Access to 1-indolyltetrahydro-β-carbolines via metal-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling: the total synthesis of eudistomin U, isoeudistomin U and 19-bromoisoeudistomin U. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:757-760. [PMID: 33349820 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06958b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective and captivating metal-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling for the cross-coupling of two reactive nucleophiles such as tetrahydro-β-carboline and indoles is developed. A series of 1-indolyltetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives were synthesized in excellent to moderate yields. Temperature, time and concentration control resulted in mono indolylation selectively. Moreover, the total synthesis of eudistomin U and isoeudistomin U and the first total synthesis of 19-bromoisoeudistomin U were accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Ranjani
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India
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12
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Xu HF, Pan YL, Li GJ, Hu XY, Chen JZ. Copper(II)-Catalyzed Direct C-H (Hetero)arylation at the C3 Position of Indoles Assisted by a Removable N, N-Bidentate Auxiliary Moiety. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1789-1801. [PMID: 33393296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective arylation of inert C3-H bonds in indoles reacting with arylboronates via effective copper-mediated catalysis with the aid of a facile and removable 2-pyridinylisopropyl (PIP) group without ligand participation is reported. This newly established method features high compatibility with diverse functional groups between coupling partners, including both indole substrates and arylboron reagents, consequentially leading to operational simplicity and providing access to generate the desired arylated products in good to excellent yields of up to 97%. Synthetically, the PIP-derived amide moiety could subsequently be readily removed under mild reaction conditions to produce useful indole carboxylic acids for further transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - You-Lu Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Gang-Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Yang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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13
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Waser J, Kumar Nandi R, Pal P. Umpolung of Electron-Rich Heteroarenes with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-s(k)33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Zhang Y, Lu J, Lan T, Cheng S, Liu W, Chen C. Preparation, Characterization, and Reactivity of Aliphatic Amino Iodane(III) Reagents. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Science & Material Science & Chemical Engineering Institute Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education, MOE), Department of Chemistry. Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jing Lu
- College of Science & Material Science & Chemical Engineering Institute Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education, MOE), Department of Chemistry. Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Tianlei Lan
- College of Science & Material Science & Chemical Engineering Institute Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education, MOE), Department of Chemistry. Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shaoling Cheng
- College of Science & Material Science & Chemical Engineering Institute Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Science & Material Science & Chemical Engineering Institute Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education, MOE), Department of Chemistry. Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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15
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Han Z, Zhang C. Fluorination and Fluoroalkylation Reactions Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou‐Zhou Han
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
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16
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Chai J, Ding W, Wu J, Yoshikai N. Fluorobenziodoxole−BF
3
Reagent for Iodo(III)etherification of Alkynes in Ethereal Solvent. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2166-2169. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkui Chai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
- College of ChemistryHenan Institute of Advanced TechnologyZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Junliang Wu
- College of ChemistryHenan Institute of Advanced TechnologyZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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17
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Ding W, Wang C, Tan JR, Ho CC, León F, García F, Yoshikai N. Site-selective aromatic C-H λ 3-iodanation with a cyclic iodine(iii) electrophile in solution and solid phases. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7356-7361. [PMID: 34123017 PMCID: PMC8159425 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and site-selective aromatic C-H λ3-iodanation reaction is achieved using benziodoxole triflate (BXT) as an electrophile under room temperature conditions. The reaction tolerates a variety of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes to afford the corresponding arylbenziodoxoles in moderate to good yields. The reaction can also be performed mechanochemically by grinding a mixture of solid arenes and BXT under solvent-free conditions. The arylbenziodoxoles can be used for various C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations, and are also amenable to further modification by electrophilic halogenation. DFT calculations suggested that the present reaction proceeds via a concerted λ3-iodanation-deprotonation transition state, where the triflate anion acts as an internal base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Chen Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Jie Ren Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Chang Chin Ho
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Felix León
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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Lan T, Qin H, Chen W, Liu W, Chen C. Synthesis and reactivity of carbazole-containing hypervalent iodine(III) reagents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Čubiňák M, Edlová T, Polák P, Tobrman T. Indolylboronic Acids: Preparation and Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E3523. [PMID: 31569441 PMCID: PMC6803883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole derivatives are associated with a variety of both biological activities and applications in the field of material chemistry. A number of different strategies for synthesizing substituted indoles by means of the reactions of indolylboronic acids with electrophilic compounds are considered the methods of choice for modifying indoles because indolylboronic acids are easily available, stable, non-toxic and new reactions using indolylboronic acids have been described in the literature. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the methods available for the preparation of indolylboronic acids as well as their chemical transformations. The review covers the period 2010-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Čubiňák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Edlová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Polák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Tobrman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Budhwan R, Yadav S, Murarka S. Late stage functionalization of heterocycles using hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6326-6341. [PMID: 31215580 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Late stage functionalization (LSF) through direct X-H manipulations (X = C, N) enables synthetic chemists to accelerate the diversification of natural products, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals allowing rapid access to novel bioactive molecules without resorting to arduous de novo synthesis. LSF does not only allow tapping of the hitherto unexplored chemical space but also renders the synthetic sequence more straightforward, atom economical and cost-effective. In this regard, the recent decade has witnessed the emergence of hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents as a powerful synthetic tool owing to their easy availability, mild reaction conditions, remarkable oxidizing properties and high functional group tolerance. Iodine(iii) reagents have tremendous applications in the regio- and chemo-selective late-stage functionalization of a diverse variety of heterocycles through an exciting range of transformations, such as oxidative amination, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC), fluoroalkylation, azidation, halogenation and oxidation. The present review, classified according to the types of synthetic methods involved, encompasses all these recent developments in the field of transition-metal-free iodine(iii)-catalyzed/mediated direct functionalizations of heterocycles with representative examples and insightful mechanistic discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Budhwan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
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21
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Hari DP, Caramenti P, Waser J. Cyclic Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: Enabling Tools for Bond Disconnection via Reactivity Umpolung. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:3212-3225. [PMID: 30485071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of organic compounds is an important field of research, which sets the basis for numerous applications in medicine or materials science. Based on the polarity induced by functional groups, logical bond disconnections can be deduced for the elaboration of organic compounds. Nevertheless, this classical approach makes synthesis rigid, as not all bond disconnections are possible. The concept of Umpolung has been therefore introduced: by inverting the normal polarity of functional groups, new disconnections become possible. Among the tools for achieving Umpolung, hypervalent iodine reagents occupy a privileged position. The electrophilicity of the iodine atom and the reactivity of the hypervalent bond allow access to electrophilic synthons starting from nucleophiles. Nevertheless, some classes of hypervalent iodine reagents can be too unstable for many applications, in particular involving metal catalysis. In this context, cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents, especially benziodoxolones (BXs), have been known for a long time to be more stable than their acyclic counterparts, yet their synthetic potential had not been fully exploited. In this Account, we report our efforts since 2008 on the use of BX reagents in the development of new transformations in organic synthesis, which showed for the first time their versatility as synthetic tools. Our work started with electrophilic alkynylation, as alkynes are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry, but are usually introduced as nucleophiles. We used ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs) in the direct alkynylation of nucleophiles, such as keto esters, thiols, or phosphines. The reagents could then be applied to the gold- and palladium-catalyzed alkynylation of C-H bonds on (hetero)arenes, leading to a more efficient alternative to the Sonogashira reaction. More complex reactions were then developed with formations of several bonds in a single transformation. Gold- and platinum-catalyzed cyclization/alkynylation domino processes gave access to new types of alkynylated heterocycles. Multifunctionalization of olefins became possible through intramolecular oxy- and amino-alkynylations. (Enantioselective) copper-catalyzed oxy-alkynylation of diazo compounds led to stereocenters with perfect atom economy. Finally, EBXs were also used for the alkynylation of radicals generated under photoredox conditions. Since 2013, we then extended the use of BX reagents to other transformations. Azidobenziodoxol(on)ess (ABXs) were used in the azidation of keto esters, enol silanes, and styrenes. New more stable derivatives were introduced. Cyanobenziodoxolones (CBXs) enabled the cyanation of stabilized enolates, thiols, and radicals. Finally, new BX reagents were developed for the Umpolung of indoles and pyrroles. They could be used in metal-catalyzed directed C-H functionalizations, as well as in Lewis acid mediated oxidative coupling to give functionalized bi(hetero)arenes. In the past decade, our group and others have shown that BX reagents are not only "structural beauties", but also extremely useful reagents in synthetic chemistry. A toolbox of cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents is now available to achieve Umpolung-based disconnections. We are convinced that the field is still in its infancy, and many new reagents and transformations still remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad Hari
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC
LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Caramenti
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC
LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC
LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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