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Degroote F, Denoo B, Ryckaert B, Callebaut B, Van Hecke K, Hullaert J, Winne JM. Dithioallyl cation (3 + 2) cycloadditions under aprotic reaction conditions: rapid access to spiro-fused cyclopentane scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8117-8124. [PMID: 37786324 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01273e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a general method to effect all-carbon (3 + 2) cycloadditions that can elaborate cyclopentenes from a range of olefins. The required dithioallyl cation reagents can be generated in a newly developed mild protocol starting from 2-allyloxypyridine precursors, thus avoiding the use of strong Brønsted acids. The novel method significantly expands the substrate scope, which now also includes acid-sensitive olefins, and thus enables the preparation of previously inaccessible spiro-fused scaffold types from simple and readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Degroote
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bram Denoo
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bram Ryckaert
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Brenda Callebaut
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Hullaert
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Johan M Winne
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ryckaert B, Demeyere E, Degroote F, Janssens H, Winne JM. 1,4-Dithianes: attractive C2-building blocks for the synthesis of complex molecular architectures. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:115-132. [PMID: 36761474 PMCID: PMC9907017 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers the synthetic applications of 1,4-dithianes, as well as derivatives thereof at various oxidation states. The selected examples show how the specific heterocyclic reactivity can be harnessed for the controlled synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds. The reactivity is compared to and put into context with more common synthetic building blocks, such as 1,3-dithianes and (hetero)aromatic building blocks. 1,4-Dithianes have as yet not been investigated to the same extent as their well-known 1,3-dithiane counterparts, but they do offer attractive transformations that can find good use in the assembly of a wide array of complex molecular architectures, ranging from lipids and carbohydrates to various carbocyclic scaffolds. This versatility arises from the possibility to chemoselectively cleave or reduce the sulfur-heterocycle to reveal a versatile C2-synthon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Ryckaert
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ellen Demeyere
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Degroote
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Janssens
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Johan M Winne
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Ryckaert B, Hullaert J, Van Hecke K, Winne JM. Dearomative (3 + 2) Cycloadditions of Unprotected Indoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:4119-4123. [PMID: 35674713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The (3 + 2) cycloaddition of various indoles with a dithioallyl cation affords dearomatized cyclopentannulated adducts, with complete control of regioselectivity and excellent chemo- and diastereoselectivity. The success of the reaction critically relies on the use of an excess of very strong Brønsted acid, which paradoxically prevents carbocationic side reactions. The reaction tolerates sensitive functionalities such as basic amines or free hydroxyls, and we demonstrate its use in late stage derivatization of highly functionalized, unprotected indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Ryckaert
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Hullaert
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan M Winne
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Lam H, Lautens M, Abel-Snape X, Köllen MF. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Free (4+3)-Annulations. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract(4+3)-Annulations are incredibly versatile reactions which combine a 4-atom synthon and a 3-atom synthon to form both 7-membered carbocycles as well as heterocycles. We have previously reviewed transition-metal-catalyzed (4+3)-annulations. In this review, we will cover examples involving bases, NHCs, phosphines, Lewis and Brønsted acids as well as some rare examples of boronic acid catalysis and photocatalysis. In analogy to our previous review, we exclude annulations involving cyclic dienes like furan, pyrrole, cyclohexadiene or cyclopentadiene, as Chiu, Harmata, Fernándes and others have recently published reviews encompassing such substrates. We will however discuss the recent additions (2010–2020) to the literature on (4+3)-annulations involving other types of 4-atom-synthons.1 Introduction2 Bases3 Annulations Using N-Heterocyclic Carbenes3.1 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs)3.2 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Base Dual-Activation4 Phosphines5 Acids5.1 Lewis Acids5.2 Brønsted Acids6 Boronic Acid Catalysis and Photocatalysis7 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Lam
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
| | - Xavier Abel-Snape
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
| | - Martin F. Köllen
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie und Biochemie
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Chen L, Zou YX, Zheng SL, Liu XY, Yang HL, Zhang J, Zeng Y, Duan L, Wen Z, Ni HL. Dearomative 1,6-addition of P(O)–H to in situ formed p-QM-like ion pairs from 2-benzofuryl-ols to C3-phosphinoyl hydrobenzofurans. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a dearomative C3-phosphorylation and a tandem C3-phosphorylation/aromatization of 2-benzofuryl-ols with P(O)–H species to afford C3-phosphinoyl hydrobenzofurans and benzofurans, respectively.
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Lee C, Chen L, Chiang C, Lai C, Lin H. The Biosynthesis of Norsesquiterpene Aculenes Requires Three Cytochrome P450 Enzymes to Catalyze a Stepwise Demethylation Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi‐Fang Lee
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaInstitute of Biochemical SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Li‐Xun Chen
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaInstitute of Biochemical SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chen‐Yu Chiang
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaInstitute of Biochemical SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chen‐Yu Lai
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaInstitute of Biochemical SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hsiao‐Ching Lin
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaInstitute of Biochemical SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C
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Lee C, Chen L, Chiang C, Lai C, Lin H. The Biosynthesis of Norsesquiterpene Aculenes Requires Three Cytochrome P450 Enzymes to Catalyze a Stepwise Demethylation Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18414-18418. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi‐Fang Lee
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaInstitute of Biochemical SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Li‐Xun Chen
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaInstitute of Biochemical SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chen‐Yu Chiang
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaInstitute of Biochemical SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chen‐Yu Lai
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaInstitute of Biochemical SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hsiao‐Ching Lin
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaInstitute of Biochemical SciencesNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C
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Callebaut B, Hullaert J, Van Hecke K, Winne JM. An Intramolecular Cycloaddition Approach to the Kauranoid Family of Diterpene Metabolites. Org Lett 2019; 21:310-314. [PMID: 30571133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic studies toward the ent-kauranoid family of diterpene natural products are reported. An intramolecular (4 + 3) cycloaddition allows the direct elaboration of diverse natural product frameworks, encompassing a challenging bicyclo[3.2.1]octane core. The established routes comprise only a few synthetic operations (3-5 steps), transforming a range of simple starting materials into the tetracyclic scaffolds that are commonly found in many ent-kaurene metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Callebaut
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S4 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Jan Hullaert
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S4 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S3 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Johan M Winne
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S4 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
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Fereyduni E, Sanders JN, Gonzalez G, Houk KN, Grenning AJ. Transient [3,3] Cope rearrangement of 3,3-dicyano-1,5-dienes: computational analysis and 2-step synthesis of arylcycloheptanes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8760-8764. [PMID: 30627397 PMCID: PMC6295866 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03057j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and modular route to arylcycloheptene scaffolds is reported. The two-step route from Knoevenagel adducts and allylic electrophiles is made possible through the design of a Cope rearrangement that utilizes a "traceless" activating group to promote an otherwise thermodynamically unfavorable transformation. Experimentally, the [3,3] rearrangement occurrs transiently at room temperature with a computed barrier of 19.5 kcal mol-1, which ultimately allows for three-component bis-allylation. Ring-closing metathesis delivers the arylcycloheptane and removes the activating group. This report describes the design and optimization of the methodology, scope and mechanistic studies, and computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fereyduni
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| | - Jacob N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California - Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569 , Los Angeles , CA 90095-1569 , USA .
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California - Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569 , Los Angeles , CA 90095-1569 , USA .
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
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