1
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Ko S, Kim JY, Park JY, Jung YJ, Choi MJ, Jin KS, Kim Y, Lim YB, Jeong WJ. Modulating the folding and binding of peptides using a stimuli-responsive molecular tweezer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9600-9607. [PMID: 37712040 PMCID: PMC10498507 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the development of a β-hairpin (tryptophan zipper, Trpzip)-based molecular tweezer (MT) that can control the folding and binding of α-helical peptides. When an α-helix isolated from the p53 protein was conjugated with Trpzip in an optimized macrocyclic structure, the folded β-hairpin stabilized the helix conformation through the side chain-to-side chain stapling strategy, which notably enhanced target (hDM2) affinity of the peptide. On the other hand, the helicity and binding affinity were significantly reduced when the hairpin was unfolded by a redox stimulus. This stimulus-responsive property was translated into the effective capture and release of model multivalent biomaterials, hDM2-gold nanoparticle conjugates. Since numerous protein interactions are mediated by α-helical peptides, these results suggest that the β-hairpin-based MT holds great potential to be utilized in various biomedical applications, such as protein interaction inhibition and cancer biomarker (e.g., circulating tumor cells and exosomes) detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooho Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University Seoul 06420 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
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2
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Lou J, Hudson MM, Ancajas CF, Best MD. Development of GTP-responsive liposomes by exchanging the metal-DPA binding site in a synthetic lipid switch. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3285-3288. [PMID: 36826384 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00288h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
We report stimuli-responsive liposomes that selectively release encapsulated contents upon treatment with guanosine triphosphate (GTP) over a wide variety of phosphorylated metabolites, validated by fluorescence-based leakage assays. Significant changes in liposome self-assembly properties were also observed. Our results showcase the potential of this platform for triggered release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Macy M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | | | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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3
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Lou J, Qualls ML, Best MD. Sticking the Landing: Enhancing Liposomal Cell Delivery using Reversible Covalent Chemistry and Caged Targeting Groups. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200436. [PMID: 36164720 PMCID: PMC9985139 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are highly effective nanocarriers for encapsulating and delivering a wide range of therapeutic cargo. While advancements in liposome design have improved several pharmacological characteristics, an important area that would benefit from further progress involves cellular targeting and entry. In this concept article, we will focus on recent progress utilizing strategies including reversible covalent bonding and caging groups to activate liposomal cell entry. These approaches take advantage of advancements that have been made in complementary fields including molecular sensing and chemical biology and direct this technology toward controlling liposome cell delivery properties. The decoration of liposomes with groups including boronic acids and cyclic disulfides is presented as a means for driving delivery through reaction with functional groups on cell surfaces. Additionally, caging groups can be exploited to activate cell delivery only upon encountering a target stimulus. These approaches provide promising new avenues for controlling cell delivery in the development of next-generation liposomal therapeutic nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Megan L Qualls
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
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4
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Lou J, Sagar R, Best MD. Metabolite-Responsive Liposomes Employing Synthetic Lipid Switches Driven by Molecular Recognition Principles. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2882-2891. [PMID: 36174148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability to exert control over lipid properties, including structure, charge, function, and self-assembly characteristics is a powerful tool that can be implemented to achieve a wide range of biomedical applications. Examples in this arena include the development of caged lipids for controlled activation of signaling properties, metabolic labeling strategies for tracking lipid biosynthesis, lipid activity probes for identifying cognate binding partners, approaches for in situ membrane assembly, and liposome triggered release strategies. In this Account, we describe recent advancements in the latter area entailing the development of stimuli-responsive liposomes through programmable changes to lipid self-assembly properties, which can be harnessed to drive the release of encapsulated contents toward applications including drug delivery. We will focus on an emerging paradigm involving liposomal platforms that are sensitized toward chemical agents ranging from metal cations to small organic molecules that exhibit dysregulation in disease states. This has been achieved by developing synthetic lipid switches that are designed to undergo programmed conformational changes upon the recognition of specific target analytes. These structural alterations are leveraged to perturb the packing of lipids within the membrane and thereby drive the release of encapsulated contents.We provide an overview of the inspiration, design, and characterization of liposomes that selectively respond to wide-ranging target analytes. This series of studies began with the development of calcium-responsive liposomes utilizing a lipid switch inspired by sensors including indo-1. Following this successful demonstration, we next showed that the selectivity of the lipid switch could be altered among different metal cations by producing a liposomal platform for which release is induced through zinc binding. Our next goal was to develop metabolite-responsive liposomes in which switching is driven by molecular recognition events involving phosphorylated small molecules. In this work, screening of lipid switches designed to interact with phosphorylated metabolites led to the identification of liposomal formulations that selectivity release contents in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Finally, we were able to modulate the metabolite selectivity by rationally designing a modified lipid switch structure that is activated through complexation of inositol-(1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3). These projects show the progression of our approaches for liposome release triggered by molecular recognition principles, building from ion-responsive lipid switches to structures that are activated by small molecules. These "smart" liposomal platforms provide an important addition to the toolbox for controlled cargo release since they respond to ions or small molecules that are commonly overproduced by diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ruhani Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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5
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Bottcher SE, Lou J, Best MD. Liposome triggered content release through molecular recognition of inositol trisphosphate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4520-4523. [PMID: 35302139 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00951j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A stimuli-responsive liposomal platform that is selectively activated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) over eleven other phosphorylated metabolites is reported. Dye release assays validated dose-dependent release of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic cargo driven by IP3, showcasing the potential of this platform for triggered release and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Bottcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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6
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Lou J, Schuster JA, Barrera FN, Best MD. ATP-Responsive Liposomes via Screening of Lipid Switches Designed to Undergo Conformational Changes upon Binding Phosphorylated Metabolites. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3746-3756. [PMID: 35171601 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal delivery vehicles can dramatically enhance drug transport. However, their clinical application requires enhanced control over content release at diseased sites. For this reason, triggered release strategies have been explored, although a limited toolbox of stimuli has thus far been developed. Here, we report a novel strategy for stimuli-responsive liposomes that release encapsulated contents in the presence of phosphorylated small molecules. Our formulation efforts culminated in selective cargo release driven by ATP, a universal energy source that is upregulated in diseases such as cancer. Specifically, we developed lipid switches 1a-b bearing two ZnDPA units designed to undergo substantial conformational changes upon ATP binding, thereby disrupting membrane packing and triggering the release of encapsulated contents. Dye leakage assays using the hydrophobic dye Nile red validated that ATP-driven release was selective over 11 similar phosphorylated metabolites, and release of the hydrophilic dye calcein was also achieved. Multiple alternative lipid switch structures were synthesized and studied (1c-d and 2), which provided insights into the structural features that render 1a-b selective toward ATP-driven release. Importantly, analysis of cellular delivery using fluorescence microscopy in conjunction with pharmacological ATP manipulation showed that liposome delivery was specific, as it increased upon intracellular ATP accumulation, and was inhibited by ATP downregulation. Our new approach shows strong prospects for enhancing the selectivity of release and payload delivery to diseased cells driven by metabolites such as ATP, providing an exciting new paradigm for controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jennifer A Schuster
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Francisco N Barrera
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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7
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Sagar R, Lou J, Watson AJ, Best MD. Zinc Triggered Release of Encapsulated Cargo from Liposomes via a Synthetic Lipid Switch. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2485-2496. [PMID: 34870414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are effective nanocarriers due to their ability to encapsulate and deliver a wide variety of therapeutics. However, therapeutic potential would be improved by enhanced control over the release of drug cargo. Zinc ions provide exciting new targets for stimuli-responsive lipid design due to their overly abundant concentrations associated with diseased cells. Herein, we report zinc-triggered release of liposomal contents exploiting synthetic lipid switches designed to undergo conformational changes in the presence of this ion. Initially, Nile red leakage assays were conducted that validated successful dose-dependent triggering of release using zinc-responsive lipids (ZRLs). In addition, dynamic light scattering and confocal microscopy experiments showed that zinc treatment led to morphological changes in lipid nanoparticles only when ZRLs were present in formulations. Next, zinc-binding experiments conducted in a solution (NMR, MS) or membrane (zeta potential) context confirmed ZRL-Zn complexation. Finally, polar cargo release from liposomes was achieved. The results from these wide-ranging experiments using four different compounds indicated that zinc-responsive properties varied based on ZRL structure, providing insights into the structural requirements for activity. This work has established zinc-responsive liposomal platforms toward the development of clinical triggered release formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhani Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Alexa J Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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8
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Qualls ML, Sagar R, Lou J, Best MD. Demolish and Rebuild: Controlling Lipid Self-Assembly toward Triggered Release and Artificial Cells. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12918-12933. [PMID: 34792362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to modulate the structures of lipid membranes, predicated on our nuanced understanding of the properties that drive and alter lipid self-assembly, has opened up many exciting biological applications. In this Perspective, we focus on two endeavors in which the same principles are invoked to achieve completely opposite results. On one hand, controlled liposome decomposition enables triggered release of encapsulated cargo through the development of synthetic lipid switches that perturb lipid packing in the presence of disease-associated stimuli. In particular, recent approaches have utilized artificial lipid switches designed to undergo major conformational changes in response to a range of target conditions. On the other end of the spectrum, the ability to drive the in situ formation of lipid bilayer membranes from soluble precursors is an important component in the establishment of artificial cells. This work has culminated in chemoenzymatic strategies that enable lipid manufacturing from simple components. Herein, we describe recent advancements in these two unique undertakings that are linked by their reliance on common principles of lipid self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Qualls
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ruhani Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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9
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Bickerton LE, Johnson TG, Kerckhoffs A, Langton MJ. Supramolecular chemistry in lipid bilayer membranes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11252-11274. [PMID: 34567493 PMCID: PMC8409493 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03545b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid bilayer membranes form compartments requisite for life. Interfacing supramolecular systems, including receptors, catalysts, signal transducers and ion transporters, enables the function of the membrane to be controlled in artificial and living cellular compartments. In this perspective, we take stock of the current state of the art of this rapidly expanding field, and discuss prospects for the future in both fundamental science and applications in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Bickerton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Toby G Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Aidan Kerckhoffs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Matthew J Langton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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10
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Ruyonga MR, Samoshin VV. Conformational energy (A-value) of the 4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazolyl group. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Mahmoudzadeh M, Magarkar A, Koivuniemi A, Róg T, Bunker A. Mechanistic Insight into How PEGylation Reduces the Efficacy of pH-Sensitive Liposomes from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2612-2621. [PMID: 34096310 PMCID: PMC8289284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Liposome-based drug
delivery systems composed of DOPE stabilized
with cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHMS) have been proposed as a drug
delivery mechanism with pH-triggered release as the anionic form (CHSa)
is protonated (CHS) at reduced pH; PEGylation is known to decrease
this pH sensitivity. In this manuscript, we set out to use molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations with a model with all-atom resolution to
provide insight into why incorporation of poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG)
into DOPE–CHMS liposomes reduces their pH sensitivity; we also
address two additional questions: (1) How CHSa stabilizes DOPE bilayers
into a lamellar conformation at a physiological pH of 7.4? and (2)
how the change from CHSa to CHS at acidic pH triggers the destabilization
of DOPE bilayers? We found that (A) CHSa stabilizes the DOPE lipid
membrane by increasing the hydrophilicity of the bilayer surface,
(B) when CHSa changes to CHS by pH reduction, DOPE bilayers are destabilized
due to a reduction in bilayer hydrophilicity and a reduction in the
area per lipid, and (C) PEG stabilizes DOPE bilayers into the lamellar
phase, thus reducing the pH sensitivity of the liposomes by increasing
the area per lipid through penetration into the bilayer, which is
our main focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmoudzadeh
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aniket Magarkar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Artturi Koivuniemi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaarie 5 E, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex Bunker
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaarie 5 E, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Stimulus-sensitive liposomal delivery system based on new 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 39:127871. [PMID: 33662539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold can serve as a basis for the design of molecular switches stimulating the fast release of water soluble compounds under the influence of external factors from the liposomal containers having those switches incorporated into the lipid bilayer. It was demonstrated that liposomes having 3,7-dihexadecyl-1,5-diphenyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one (3) incorporated into the liposomal membrane sharply increase the permeability upon pH decrease from 7.4 to 6.5, and compound 3 can serve as a pH-sensitive agent in the bilayer of liposomal nanocontainers. Similar but less pronounced effect was shown for liposomes modified with 3,7-bis(methyldodecylaminoacetyl)-1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (5) and 3,7-didodecylsulfonyl-1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one (4). The structure (morphology) and size of modified liposomes were studied with scanned transmission electron microscopy.
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13
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Holmstrøm T, Galsgaard Malle M, Wu S, Jensen KJ, Hatzakis NS, Pedersen CM. Carbohydrate-Derived Metal-Chelator-Triggered Lipids for Liposomal Drug Delivery. Chemistry 2021; 27:6917-6922. [PMID: 33411939 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are versatile three-dimensional, biomaterial-based frameworks that can spatially enclose a variety of organic and inorganic biomaterials for advanced targeted-delivery applications. Implementation of external-stimuli-controlled release of their cargo will significantly augment their wide application for liposomal drug delivery. This paper presents the synthesis of a carbohydrate-derived lipid, capable of changing its conformation depending on the presence of Zn2+ : an active state in the presence of Zn2+ ions and back to an inactive state in the absence of Zn2+ or when exposed to Na2 EDTA, a metal chelator with high affinity for Zn2+ ions. This is the first report of a lipid triggered by the presence of a metal chelator. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and a single-liposome study showed that it indeed was possible for the lipid to be incorporated into the bilayer of stable liposomes that remained leakage-free for the fluorescent cargo of the liposomes. On addition of EDTA to the liposomes, their fluorescent cargo could be released as a result of the membrane-incorporated lipids undergoing a conformational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Holmstrøm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Galsgaard Malle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shunliang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knud Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Shimizu M, Yamamoto T, Shindo H, Mizota I, Zhu Y. 2,3-Dimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane as a useful precursor to 2,3-dimethylene-1,4-dioxane for [4+2] cycloaddition reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7972-7980. [PMID: 35423349 PMCID: PMC8695070 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-Dimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane readily prepared from biacetyl serves as a stable precursor to 2,3-dimethylene-1,4-dioxane which undergoes a [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with dienophiles to give functionalized cyclohexene derivatives. The cycloaddition adducts obtained by the present procedure are transformed into potentially useful intermediates for biologically important materials. 2,3-Dimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane serves as a stable precursor to 2,3-dimethylene-1,4-dioxane which undergoes a cycloaddition with dienophiles. The adducts are transformed into useful intermediates for biologically important materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Shimizu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
- Department of Chemistry for Materials
| | - Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry for Materials
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Mie University
- Tsu
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shindo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Mie University
- Tsu
- Japan
| | - Isao Mizota
- Department of Chemistry for Materials
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Mie University
- Tsu
- Japan
| | - Yusong Zhu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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15
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Holmstrøm T, Raydan D, Pedersen CM. Easy access to a carbohydrate-based template for stimuli-responsive surfactants. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2788-2794. [PMID: 33281982 PMCID: PMC7684687 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we describe the synthesis of a new carbohydrate-based building block functionalized with azido or amino groups on the 2 and 4 positions. The building block can be synthesized in anomerically pure form in only five scalable steps starting from commercially available levoglucosan. It was shown that the building block could undergo alkylations under strongly basic conditions. The building block with azido groups could furthermore take part in CuAAC reactions, generating derivatives with ester or carboxylic acid functionalities. In addition, the anomeric mixture of the building block was used for the synthesis of a molecule that could act as an emulsifier only in the presence of Zn2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Holmstrøm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Daniel Raydan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Christian Marcus Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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16
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Lou J, Best MD. Strategies for altering lipid self-assembly to trigger liposome cargo release. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104966. [PMID: 32888913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
While liposomes have proven to be effective drug delivery nanocarriers, their therapeutic attributes could be improved through the development of clinically viable triggered release strategies in which encapsulated drug contents could be selectively released at the sites of diseased cells. As such, a significant amount of research has been reported involving the development of stimuli-responsive liposomes and a broad range of strategies have been explored for driving content release. These have included the introduction of trigger groups at either the lipid headgroup or within the acyl chains that alter lipid self-assembly properties of known lipids as well as the rational design of lipid analogs programed to undergo conformational changes induced by events such as binding interactions. This review article describes advances in the design of stimuli-responsive liposome strategies with an eye towards emerging trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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17
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Ruyonga MR, Mendoza O, Browne M, Samoshin VV. Exploration of
trans
‐2‐(azaarylsulfanyl)‐cyclohexanols as potential pH‐triggered conformational switches. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mulinde R. Ruyonga
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific University of the Pacific Stockton CA USA
| | - Oscar Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific University of the Pacific Stockton CA USA
| | - Michael Browne
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific University of the Pacific Stockton CA USA
| | - Vyacheslav V. Samoshin
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific University of the Pacific Stockton CA USA
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18
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Lou J, Best MD. A General Approach to Enzyme‐Responsive Liposomes. Chemistry 2020; 26:8597-8607. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Michael D. Best
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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Abstract
Liposomes are clinically approved supramolecular drug delivery platforms due to their ability to enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of encapsulated therapeutic agents. A key point for advancing liposomal drug delivery would be to control the timing and location of cargo release to maximize drug potency and minimize side effects. Toward this end, triggered release approaches have been developed that exploit either pathophysiological stimuli (passive release) including pH or external stimuli (active release) such as light. Here, we present a novel approach for triggering release of contents from liposomes driven by increased calcium at target sites, which plays an important role in biology related to certain diseases. In this chapter, we provide detailed experimental procedures for this project, including synthesis of calcium-responsive lipid switch 1, evaluation of dye release properties and selectivity via fluorescence-based release assays as well as studies of morphology changes during release process by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).
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20
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Ruyonga MR, Mendoza O, Samoshin VV. trans-2-(Azaarylsulfanyl)cyclohexanol derivatives as potential pH-triggered conformational switches. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Mbarek A, Moussa G, Chain JL. Pharmaceutical Applications of Molecular Tweezers, Clefts and Clips. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091803. [PMID: 31075983 PMCID: PMC6539068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic acyclic receptors, composed of two arms connected with a spacer enabling molecular recognition, have been intensively explored in host-guest chemistry in the past decades. They fall into the categories of molecular tweezers, clefts and clips, depending on the geometry allowing the recognition of various guests. The advances in synthesis and mechanistic studies have pushed them forward to pharmaceutical applications, such as neurodegenerative disorders, infectious diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. In this review, we provide a summary of the synthetic molecular tweezers, clefts and clips that have been reported for pharmaceutical applications. Their structures, mechanism of action as well as in vitro and in vivo results are described. Such receptors were found to selectively bind biological guests, namely, nucleic acids, sugars, amino acids and proteins enabling their use as biosensors or therapeutics. Particularly interesting are dynamic molecular tweezers which are capable of controlled motion in response to an external stimulus. They proved their utility as imaging agents or in the design of controlled release systems. Despite some issues, such as stability, cytotoxicity or biocompatibility that still need to be addressed, it is obvious that molecular tweezers, clefts and clips are promising candidates for several incurable diseases as therapeutic agents, diagnostic or delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mbarek
- Gene Delivery Laboratory, Faculty of pharmacy, Université de Montréal, H3C 3J7, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Ghina Moussa
- Gene Delivery Laboratory, Faculty of pharmacy, Université de Montréal, H3C 3J7, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jeanne Leblond Chain
- Gene Delivery Laboratory, Faculty of pharmacy, Université de Montréal, H3C 3J7, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Univ. Bordeaux, ARNA Laboratory, F-33016 Bordeaux, France.
- INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, F-33016 Bordeaux, France.
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22
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Akbar MJ, Lukasewicz Ferreira PC, Giorgetti M, Stokes L, Morris CJ. Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2553-2562. [PMID: 31921534 PMCID: PMC6941431 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Gastrin-releasing peptide is a member of the bombesin family of peptides. Its cognate receptor, gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), is widely expressed in cancers of the lung, pancreas and ovaries. Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) is an autocrine growth factor in small cell lung cancer, which has very poor patient outcomes. High affinity antagonist peptides have been developed for in vivo cancer imaging. In this report we decorated pegylated liposomes with a GRPR antagonist peptide and studied its interaction with, and accumulation within, lung cancer cells. Results: An N-terminally cysteine modified GRPR antagonist (termed cystabn) was synthesised and shown to inhibit cell growth in vitro. Cystabn was used to prepare a targeted 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2000) lipid conjugate that was formulated into liposomes. The liposomes displayed desirable colloidal properties and good stability under storage conditions. Flow cytometric and microscopic studies showed that fluorescently labelled cystabn-decorated liposomes accumulated more extensively in GRPR over-expressing cells than matched liposomes that contained no cystabn targeting motif. Conclusion: The use of GRPR antagonistic peptides for nanoparticle targeting has potential for enhancing drug accumulation in resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leanne Stokes
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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