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Cigl M, Pociecha D, Jakubowski R, Kapuściński S, Kaszyński P. Paramagnetic Liquid Crystals With Close π-π Packing: The Effect of Blatter Radical Planarization on Behavior of Bent-Core Mesogens. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203288. [PMID: 36524762 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new, 19 π-delocalized electrons planar Blatter radical building block was developed and used to obtain paramagnetic bent-core liquid crystals. The mesogens were investigated by optical, thermal, powder XRD and DFT methods in the pure form and as binary mixtures. Comparison of their properties with those of the classical Blatter radical analogues revealed that planarization of the central angular element results in a significantly higher stability of the mesophases and increased molecular organization suitable for the formation of ordered banana and columnar mesophases with tighter π-π interactions. These results indicate access to a new, potentially rich class of functional paramagnetic soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cigl
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland.,Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Jakubowski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
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Uchida Y, Sakaguchi T, Oki S, Shimono S, Park J, Sugiyama M, Sato S, Zaytseva E, Mazhukin DG, Tamura R. Magnetically Manipulable Ionic Liquid Crystals Incorporating Neutral Radical Moiety. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100352. [PMID: 34636499 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With a view to fabricating a new remote input-output system by applying functional ionic liquid crystalline (ILC) materials, we have developed novel ILC compounds containing a nitroxide radical unit in the organic cations, which show an enantiotropic smectic A (SmA) phase. We have implemented the magnetic manipulation of a droplet of one of the ILC compounds on the basis of the intermolecular magnetic interactions between radical moieties. This ILC monoradical compound shows a 55 % larger increase in paramagnetic susceptibility at the solid-to-LC melting point in the first heating process than the non-ionic LC monoradical compounds. It is most likely owing to the nanosegregation of strongly bonded ionic and non-ionic moieties. The increased molar magnetic susceptibility is preserved not only in the SmA phase but also in the isotropic liquid and solid phases during the first cooling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Oki
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimono
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jayeong Park
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Masahito Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-114, Japan
| | - Elena Zaytseva
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitrii G Mazhukin
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Rui Tamura
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Zaytseva EV, Mazhukin DG. Spirocyclic Nitroxides as Versatile Tools in Modern Natural Sciences: From Synthesis to Applications. Part I. Old and New Synthetic Approaches to Spirocyclic Nitroxyl Radicals. Molecules 2021; 26:677. [PMID: 33525514 PMCID: PMC7865516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclic nitroxyl radicals (SNRs) are stable paramagnetics bearing spiro-junction at a-, b-, or g-carbon atom of the nitroxide fragment, which is part of the heterocyclic system. Despite the fact that the first representatives of SNRs were obtained about 50 years ago, the methodology of their synthesis and their usage in chemistry and biochemical applications have begun to develop rapidly only in the last two decades. Due to the presence of spiro-function in the SNRs molecules, the latter have increased stability to various reducing agents (including biogenic ones), while the structures of the biradicals (SNBRs) comprises a rigid spiro-fused core that fixes mutual position and orientation of nitroxide moieties that favors their use in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments. This first review on SNRs will give a glance at various strategies for the synthesis of spiro-substituted, mono-, and bis-nitroxides on the base of six-membered (piperidine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 9,9'(10H,10H')-spirobiacridine, piperazine, and morpholine) or five-membered (2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole, pyrrolidine, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole, imidazolidine, and oxazolidine) heterocyclic cores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitrii G. Mazhukin
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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Spin Symmetry Breaking: Superparamagnetic and Spin Glass-Like Behavior Observed in Rod-Like Liquid Crystalline Organic Compounds Contacting Nitroxide Radical Spins. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystalline (LC) organic radicals were expected to show a novel non-linear magnetic response to external magnetic and electric fields due to their coherent collective molecular motion. We have found that a series of chiral and achiral all-organic LC radicals having one or two five-membered cyclic nitroxide radical (PROXYL) units in the core position and, thereby, with a negative dielectric anisotropy exhibit spin glass (SG)-like superparamagnetic features, such as a magnetic hysteresis (referred to as ‘positive magneto-LC effect’), and thermal and impurity effects during a heating and cooling cycle in weak magnetic fields. Furthermore, for the first time, a nonlinear magneto-electric (ME) effect has been detected with respect to one of the LC radicals showing a ferroelectric (chiral Smectic C) phase. The mechanism of the positive magneto-LC effect is proposed and discussed by comparison of our experimental results with the well-known magnetic properties of SG materials and on the basis of the experimental results of a nonlinear ME effect. A recent theoretical study by means of molecular dynamic simulation and density functional theory calculations suggesting the high possibility of conservation of the memory of spin-spin interactions between magnetic moments owing to the ceaseless molecular contacts in the LC and isotropic states is briefly mentioned as well.
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Ershova IV, Piskunov AV, Cherkasov VK. Complexes of diamagnetic cations with radical anion ligands. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bogdanov AV, Tamura R, Vorobiev AK. Novel nitroxide biradical probe with spiro-fused rigid core for EPR determination of rotational mobility and orientational order of soft materials. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Piskunov AV, Meshcheryakova IN, Piskunova MS, Somov NV, Bogomyakov AS, Kubrin SP. Diradical hexacoordinated tin(IV) bis-o-iminobenzosemiquinonates: synthesis, structure and magnetic properties. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yano K, Hanebuchi T, Zhang XJ, Itoh Y, Uchida Y, Sato T, Matsuura K, Kagawa F, Araoka F, Aida T. Supramolecular Polymerization in Liquid Crystalline Media: Toward Modular Synthesis of Multifunctional Core-Shell Columnar Liquid Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10033-10038. [PMID: 31140278 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we discovered a modular synthetic approach for constructing core-shell columnar liquid crystals (LCs) by supramolecular polymerization in LC media. In the present work, we successfully confirmed that our modular synthetic approach has the potential to be widely extended to the development of multifunctional columnar LCs. Herein, we constructed the first core-shell columnar LC that was proved to be orientable by both electric and magnetic fields by the supramolecular polymerization of NODiskNH* in a nematic LC medium of 4-cyano-4'-pentyloxybiphenyl (5OCB). NODiskNH* is a chiral benzenetricarboxamide derivative bearing 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl termini, which is known to form a helical supramolecular polymer via a triple hydrogen-bonding array. NODiskNH* alone formed a hydrogen-bonded liquid phase without any long-range structural ordering. However, a nematic LC medium of 5OCB, when mixed with NODiskNH* at a molar ratio of 1:3, underwent a "structural order-increasing" mesophase transition, affording an optically active single LC phase with a hexagonally arranged core-shell columnar geometry in a temperature range from 113 to 51 °C. Unprecedentedly, this core-shell columnar LC can orient its columns both electrically and magnetically, resulting in unidirectional columnar ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Yano
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Takahiro Hanebuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Takuro Sato
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsuura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kagawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Fumito Araoka
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
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Kaszyński P, Kapuściński S, Ciastek-Iskrzycka S. Liquid crystalline derivatives of heterocyclic radicals. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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