1
|
Xu ZC, Ma XR, Zhang LJ, Chen HT, Qing DM, Li RT, Ye RR, Wang RR. Antifungal activity of ruthenium (II) complex combined with fluconazole against drug-resistant Candida albicans in vitro and its anti-invasive infection in vivo. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 255:112522. [PMID: 38522215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
With the abuse of antibiotics and azoles, drug-resistant Candida albicans infections have increased sharply and are spreading rapidly, thereby significantly reducing the antifungal efficacy of existing therapeutics. Several patients die of fungal infections every year. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to develop new drugs. Accordingly, we synthesized a series of polypyridyl ruthenium (II) complexes having the formula [Ru (NN)2 (bpm)] (PF6)2 (N-N = 2,2'-bipyridine) (bpy, in Ru1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Ru2), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DIP, in Ru3) (bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine) and studied their antifungal activities. Ru3 alone had no effect on the drug-resistant strains, but Ru3 combined with fluconazole (FLC) exhibited significant antifungal activity on drug-resistant strains. A high-dose combination of Ru3 and FLC exhibited direct fungicidal activity by promoting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and damaging the cellular structure of C. albicans. Additionally, the combination of Ru3 and FLC demonstrated potent antifungal efficacy in vivo in a mouse model of invasive candidiasis. Moreover, the combination significantly improved the survival state of mice, restored their immune systems, and reduced renal injury. These findings could provide ideas for the development of ruthenium (II) complexes as novel antifungal agents for drug-resistant microbial stains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chang Xu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hui-Ting Chen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ding-Mei Qing
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Li T, Pan Y, Li S, Xu G, Zhang Z, Liang H, Yang F. Designing a Mitochondria-Targeted Theranostic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex: Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance and Inhibiting Tumor Metastasis through Necroptosis and Immune Response. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3843-3859. [PMID: 38442035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
To develop a potential theranostic metal agent to reverse the resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin and effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, we proposed to design a cyclometalated iridium (Ir) complex based on the properties of the tumor environment (TME). To the end, we designed and synthesized a series of Ir(III) 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes by modifying the hydrogen atom(s) of the N-3 position of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone compounds and the structure of cyclometalated Ir(III) dimers and then investigated their structure-activity and structure-fluorescence relationships to obtain an Ir(III) complex (Ir5) with remarkable fluorescence and cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Ir5 not only possesses mitochondria-targeted properties but also overcomes cisplatin resistance and effectively inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Besides, we confirmed the anticancer mechanisms of Ir5 acting on different components in the TME: directly killing liver cancer cells by inducing necroptosis and activating the necroptosis-related immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Platts JA, Kariuki BM, Newman PD. Welcoming Neighbour or Inhospitable Host? Selective Second Metal Binding in 5- and 6-Phospha-Substituted Bpy Ligands. Molecules 2024; 29:1150. [PMID: 38474663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The controlled formation of mixed-metal bimetallics was realised through use of a fac-[Re(CO)3(N,N'-bpy-P)Cl] complex bearing an exogenous 2,4,6-trioxa-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-phosphaadamantane donor at the 5-position of the bpy. The introduction of gold, silver, and rhodium with appropriate secondary ligands was readily achieved from established starting materials. Restricted rotation about the C(bpy)-P bond was observed in several of the bimetallic complexes and correlated with the relative steric bulk of the second metal moiety. Related chemistry with the 6-substituted derivative proved more limited in scope with only the bimetallic Re/Au complex being isolated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Platts
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Paul D Newman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan N, Zhang Y, Huang M, Liang Z, Gong Y, Chen X, Li Y, Wu C, Huang Z, Sun J. Lysosome-targeted ruthenium(II) complex encapsulated with pluronic ® F-127 induces oncosis in A549 cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:265-278. [PMID: 38189962 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes with characteristics of unique packaging in nanoparticles and remarkable cancer cell cytotoxicity have emerged as potential alternatives to platinum-based antitumor drugs. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, and antitumor activities of three new Ruthenium complexes that introduce 5-fluorouracil-derived ligands. Notably, encapsulation of one such metal complex, Ru3, within pluronic® F-127 micelles (Ru3-M) significantly enhanced Ru3 cytotoxicity toward A549 cells by a factor of four. To determine the mechanisms underlying Ru3-M cytotoxicity, additional in vitro experiments were conducted that revealed A549 cell treatment with lysosome-targeting Ru3-M triggered oxidative stress, induced mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and drastically reduced intracellular ATP levels. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Ru3-M killed cells mainly via a non-apoptotic pathway known as oncosis, as evidenced by observed Ru3-M-induced cellular morphological changes including cytosolic flushing, cell swelling, and cytoplasmic vacuolation. In turn, these changes together caused cytoskeletal collapse and activation of porimin and calpain1 proteins with known oncotic functions that distinguished this oncotic process from other cell death processes. In summary, Ru3-M is a potential anticancer agent that kills A549 cells via a novel mechanism involving Ru(II) complex triggering of cell death via oncosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanlian Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523059, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Minying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhijun Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yao Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xide Chen
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, China.
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ciling Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang H, Guo X, Yu W, Gao J, Zhu X, Huang Z, Ou W, Zhang H, Chen L, Chen J. Ruthenium(II) complexes as mitochondrial inhibitors of topoisomerase induced A549 cell apoptosis. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112295. [PMID: 37348172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(dip)2(PPβC)]PF6 (Ru1, dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, PPβC = N-(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)-1-phenyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxamide) and [Ru(phen)2(PPβC)]PF6 (Ru2, phen = 1, 10-phenanthroline) with β-carboline derivative PPβC as the primary ligand, were designed and synthesized. Ru1 and Ru2 displayed higher antiproliferative activity than cisplatin against the test cancer cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 3.6 μM. Moreover, Ru1 and Ru2 preferentially accumulated in mitochondria and caused a series of changes in mitochondrial events, including the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, the damage of mitochondrial DNA, the depletion of cellular ATP, and the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Then, it induced caspase-3/7-mediated A549 cell apoptosis. More importantly, both complexes could act as topoisomerase I catalytic inhibitors to inhibit mitochondrial DNA synthesis. Accordingly, the developed Ru(II) complexes hold great potential to be developed as novel therapeutics for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China
| | - Wenzhu Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China
| | - Xufeng Zhu
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China
| | - Wenhui Ou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China
| | - Hanfu Zhang
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Lanmei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China.
| | - Jincan Chen
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma XR, Lu JJ, Huang B, Lu XY, Li RT, Ye RR. Heteronuclear Ru(II)-Re(I) complexes as potential photodynamic anticancer agents with anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112090. [PMID: 36543061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, three heterometallic Ru(II)-Re(I) complexes, [Ru(NN)2(tpphz)Re(CO)3Cl](PF6)2 (N-N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, in RuRe1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in RuRe2), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DIP, in RuRe3), tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3″,2″-h:2″',3″'-j]phenazine), using tpphz as a bridging ligand to connect Ru(II) polypyridyl moiety and Re(I) tricarbonyl moiety were designed and synthesized. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that RuRe1-3 exhibited high phototoxicities against several cancer cell lines tested, with IC50 values ranging from 0.8 to 6.8 μM. Notably, RuRe2 exhibited the most significant increase in cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer (PC3) cells under light (450 nm) irradiation, with phototoxicity index (PI) value increasing by >112.3-fold. Further mechanistic studies of RuRe2 revealed that RuRe2-mediated PDT could induce tumor cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, RuRe2-mediated PDT could inhibit PC3 cell scratch healing and reduce the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR2. Finally, angiogenic activity assays performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed that RuRe2 exerted an anti-angiogenesis effect. Our study demonstrated that RuRe1-3 were promising PDT antitumor agents with potential anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jun-Jian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Xing-Yun Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Borah ST, Das B, Biswas P, Mallick AI, Gupta P. Aqua-friendly organometallic Ir-Pt complexes: pH-responsive AIPE-guided imaging of bacterial cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2282-2292. [PMID: 36723088 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the aggregation-induced photoluminescence emission (AIPE) of three water-soluble heterobimetallic Ir-Pt complexes was reported with insight into their photophysical and electrochemical properties and imaging of bacterial cells. An alkyne appended Schiff's base L, bridges bis-cyclometalated iridium(III) and platinum(II) terpyridine centre. The Schiff's base (N-N fragment) serves as the ancillary ligand to the iridium(III) centre, while the alkynyl end is coordinated to platinum(II). The pH and ionic strength influence the aggregation kinetics of the alkynylplatinum(II) fragment, leading to metal-metal and π-π interactions with the emergence of a triplet metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MMLCT) emission. The excellent reversibility and photostability of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of these aqua-friendly complexes were tested for their ability to sense and selectively image E. coli cells at various pH values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakira Tabassum Borah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India.
| | - Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India.
| | - Prakash Biswas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Amirul I Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Highlights of New Strategies to Increase the Efficacy of Transition Metal Complexes for Cancer Treatments. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010273. [PMID: 36615466 PMCID: PMC9822110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although important progress has been made, cancer still remains a complex disease to treat. Serious side effects, the insurgence of resistance and poor selectivity are some of the problems associated with the classical metal-based anti-cancer therapies currently in clinical use. New treatment approaches are still needed to increase cancer patient survival without cancer recurrence. Herein, we reviewed two promising-at least in our opinion-new strategies to increase the efficacy of transition metal-based complexes. First, we considered the possibility of assembling two biologically active fragments containing different metal centres into the same molecule, thus obtaining a heterobimetallic complex. A critical comparison with the monometallic counterparts was done. The reviewed literature has been divided into two groups: the case of platinum; the case of gold. Secondly, the conjugation of metal-based complexes to a targeting moiety was discussed. Particularly, we highlighted some interesting examples of compounds targeting cancer cell organelles according to a third-order targeting approach, and complexes targeting the whole cancer cell, according to a second-order targeting strategy.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu Y, Zhu D, Le Q, Wang Y, Wang W. Ruthenium-based antitumor drugs and delivery systems from monotherapy to combination therapy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16339-16375. [PMID: 36341705 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complex is an important compound group for antitumor drug research and development. NAMI-A, KP1019, TLD1433 and other ruthenium complexes have entered clinical research. In recent years, the research on ruthenium antitumor drugs has not been limited to single chemotherapy drugs; other applications of ruthenium complexes have emerged such as in combination therapy. During the development of ruthenium complexes, drug delivery forms of ruthenium antitumor drugs have also evolved from single-molecule drugs to nanodrug delivery systems. The review summarizes the following aspects: (1) ruthenium complexes from monotherapy to combination therapy, including the development of single-molecule compounds, carrier nanomedicine, and self-assembly of carrier-free nanomedicine; (2) ruthenium complexes in the process of ADME in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; (3) the applications of ruthenium complexes in combination therapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), immunotherapy, and their combined application; (4) the future prospects of ruthenium-based antitumor drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Quynh Le
- Center for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Searching for a Paradigm Shift in Auger-Electron Cancer Therapy with Tumor-Specific Radiopeptides Targeting the Mitochondria and/or the Cell Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137238. [PMID: 35806239 PMCID: PMC9266350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 99mTc is not an ideal Auger electron (AE) emitter for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) due to its relatively low Auger electron yield, it can be considered a readily available “model” radionuclide useful to validate the design of new classes of AE-emitting radioconjugates. With this in mind, we performed a detailed study of the radiobiological effects and mechanisms of cell death induced by the dual-targeted radioconjugates 99mTc-TPP-BBN and 99mTc-AO-BBN (TPP = triphenylphosphonium; AO = acridine orange; BBN = bombesin derivative) in human prostate cancer PC3 cells. 99mTc-TPP-BBN and 99mTc-AO-BBN caused a remarkably high reduction of the survival of PC3 cells when compared with the single-targeted congener 99mTc-BBN, leading to an augmented formation of γH2AX foci and micronuclei. 99mTc-TPP-BBN also caused a reduction of the mtDNA copy number, although it enhanced the ATP production by PC3 cells. These differences can be attributed to the augmented uptake of 99mTc-TPP-BBN in the mitochondria and enhanced uptake of 99mTc-AO-BBN in the nucleus, allowing the irradiation of these radiosensitive organelles with the short path-length AEs emitted by 99mTc. In particular, the results obtained for 99mTc-TPP-BBN reinforce the relevance of targeting the mitochondria to promote stronger radiobiological effects by AE-emitting radioconjugates.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma X, Lu J, Yang P, Huang B, Li R, Ye R. Synthesis, Characterization and Antitumor Mechanism Investigation of Heterometallic Ru(Ⅱ)-Re(Ⅰ) Complexes. Front Chem 2022; 10:890925. [PMID: 35711955 PMCID: PMC9196629 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.890925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of heteronuclear metal complexes as potent anticancer agents has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, two new heteronuclear Ru(Ⅱ)-Re(Ⅰ) metal complexes, [Ru(bpy)2LRe(CO)3(DIP)](PF6)3 and [Ru(phen)2LRe(CO)3(DIP)](PF6)3 [RuRe-1 and RuRe-2, L = 2-(4-pyridinyl)imidazolio[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline], were synthesized and characterized. Cytotoxicity assay shows that RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 exhibit higher anticancer activity than cisplatin, and exist certain selectivity toward human cancer cells over normal cells. The anticancer mechanistic studies reveal that RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 can induce apoptosis through the regulation of cell cycle, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caspase cascade. Moreover, RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 can effectively inhibit cell migration and colony formation. Taken together, heteronuclear Ru(Ⅱ)-Re(Ⅰ) metal complexes possess the prospect of developing new anticancer agents with high efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Junjian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Peixin Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Huang, ; Ruirong Ye,
| | - Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ruirong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Huang, ; Ruirong Ye,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peña Q, Wang A, Zaremba O, Shi Y, Scheeren HW, Metselaar JM, Kiessling F, Pallares RM, Wuttke S, Lammers T. Metallodrugs in cancer nanomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2544-2582. [PMID: 35262108 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes are extensively used for cancer therapy. The multiple variables available for tuning (metal, ligand, and metal-ligand interaction) offer unique opportunities for drug design, and have led to a vast portfolio of metallodrugs that can display a higher diversity of functions and mechanisms of action with respect to pure organic structures. Clinically approved metallodrugs, such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, are used to treat many types of cancer and play prominent roles in combination regimens, including with immunotherapy. However, metallodrugs generally suffer from poor pharmacokinetics, low levels of target site accumulation, metal-mediated off-target reactivity and development of drug resistance, which can all limit their efficacy and clinical translation. Nanomedicine has arisen as a powerful tool to help overcome these shortcomings. Several nanoformulations have already significantly improved the efficacy and reduced the toxicity of (chemo-)therapeutic drugs, including some promising metallodrug-containing nanomedicines currently in clinical trials. In this critical review, we analyse the opportunities and clinical challenges of metallodrugs, and we assess the advantages and limitations of metallodrug delivery, both from a nanocarrier and from a metal-nano interaction perspective. We describe the latest and most relevant nanomedicine formulations developed for metal complexes, and we discuss how the rational combination of coordination chemistry with nanomedicine technology can assist in promoting the clinical translation of metallodrugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quim Peña
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alec Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Orysia Zaremba
- BCMaterials, Bld. Martina Casiano, 3rd. Floor, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Hans W Scheeren
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Josbert M Metselaar
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roger M Pallares
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- BCMaterials, Bld. Martina Casiano, 3rd. Floor, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Paprocka R, Wiese-Szadkowska M, Janciauskiene S, Kosmalski T, Kulik M, Helmin-Basa A. Latest developments in metal complexes as anticancer agents. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
14
|
Peng K, Liang BB, Liu W, Mao ZW. What blocks more anticancer platinum complexes from experiment to clinic: Major problems and potential strategies from drug design perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
15
|
Wang F, Li Z, Zhang X, Luo R, Hou H, Lei J. Transformable upconversion metal-organic frameworks for near-infrared light-programmed chemotherapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7826-7829. [PMID: 34278389 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transformable upconversion MOF comprising a UCNP core and an azobenzene-based MOF shell is designed for NIR light-modulated chemotherapy. The dual Förster resonance energy transfers (FRETs) involved in this delivery system trigger the transformation of the MOF for drug release and prodrug activation, thus significantly inhibiting the tumor growth and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Rengan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hanlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Muhammad N, Cai-Ping T, Nasreen S, Mao ZW. Redirecting Cisplatin and Doxorubicin to Mitochondria Affords Highly Effective Platinum IV Prodrug Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2276-2279. [PMID: 34231967 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A mitochondria targeting dual-action platinumIV prodrug exhibits high anticancer activity in triple negative breast cancer cells. The complex intervenes in several cellular processes including DNA damage, perturbation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and induction of necrosis to kill cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafees Muhammad
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Tan Cai-Ping
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Sadia Nasreen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Taxila, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Peng YB, He W, Niu Q, Tao C, Zhong XL, Tan CP, Zhao P. Mitochondria-targeted cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes: synthesis, characterization and anticancer research. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9068-9075. [PMID: 34113944 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the landscape of inorganic medicinal chemistry has been dominated by investigations on platinum or ruthenium, while the research based on other metal centers such as rhodium has been relatively insufficient. In this work, a series of cyclometalated rhodium(iii) complexes with imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline containing different aromatic rings were synthesized and characterized. Notably, all the complexes displayed stronger anticancer activity against various cancer cells compared with cisplatin. A mechanism study revealed that the rhodium complexes accumulated in the mitochondria, elevated the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and released cytochrome c, indicating severe mitochondrial damage during the anticancer activity. Further studies illustrated that the rhodium complexes caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, upregulated the expression of p53 and reduced the ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated x (Bax), which ultimately resulted in cellular apoptosis. Overall, through mitochondrial pathways, these Rh(iii) complexes could induce cellular apoptosis to a larger extent than cisplatin and should be paid close attention as promising chemotherapeutic drugs in anticancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China. and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China.
| | - Wei He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China.
| | - Qiang Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Can Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhong
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao Z, Li H, Tao X, Xie Y, Yang L, Mao ZW, Xia W. Light-Triggered Nitric Oxide Release by a Photosensitizer to Combat Bacterial Biofilm Infections. Chemistry 2021; 27:5453-5460. [PMID: 33220013 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a serious global health concern, often responsible for persistent infections. New strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections by eradication of the biofilms are urgently needed. A novel ruthenium-based compound is reported in this study that functions as both a boronic acid-decorated photosensitizer (PS) and a light-triggered nitric oxide (NO) releasing agent. The compound can selectively attach to the bacterial membrane and biofilms and it is highly potent at eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms through the simultaneous release of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The compound, which is more effective than clinical antibiotic tobramycin, also has excellent bacterial specificity and shows no significant cytotoxicity to human cells. The results reveal potential applications of this innovative dual-functional photoactivated ruthenium compound to combat bacterial biofilm infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huinan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xuan Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yanxuan Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wei Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Peng YB, Tao C, Tan CP, Zhao P. Mitochondrial targeted rhodium(III) complexes: Synthesis, characterized and antitumor mechanism investigation. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 218:111400. [PMID: 33684684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, rhodium complexes have received intensive attentions due to their tunable chemical and biological properties as well as attractive antitumor activity. In this work, two imidazole triphenylamino rhodium complexes [Rh(ppy)2L1]PF6 (Rh1) and [Rh(ppy)2L2]PF6 (Rh2) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, L1 = 4-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline, L2 = N-(4-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(p-tolyl)aniline) have been synthesized and characterized. Both complexes display stronger anticancer activity against a various of cancer cells than cisplatin and they can effectively localize to mitochondria. Further mechanism studies show that Rh1 induce caspase-dependent apoptosis through mitochondrial damage, down-regulate the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl2-associated x (Bax) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation. Our work provides a strategy for the construction of highly effective anticancer agents targeting mitochondrial metabolism through rational modification of rhodium complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Can Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao X, Liu J, Fan J, Chao H, Peng X. Recent progress in photosensitizers for overcoming the challenges of photodynamic therapy: from molecular design to application. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4185-4219. [PMID: 33527104 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a therapeutic mode involving light triggering, has been recognized as an attractive oncotherapy treatment. However, nonnegligible challenges remain for its further clinical use, including finite tumor suppression, poor tumor targeting, and limited therapeutic depth. The photosensitizer (PS), being the most important element of PDT, plays a decisive role in PDT treatment. This review summarizes recent progress made in the development of PSs for overcoming the above challenges. This progress has included PSs developed to display enhanced tolerance of the tumor microenvironment, improved tumor-specific selectivity, and feasibility of use in deep tissue. Based on their molecular photophysical properties and design directions, the PSs are classified by parent structures, which are discussed in detail from the molecular design to application. Finally, a brief summary of current strategies for designing PSs and future perspectives are also presented. We expect the information provided in this review to spur the further design of PSs and the clinical development of PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zeng X, Wang Y, Han J, Sun W, Butt HJ, Liang XJ, Wu S. Fighting against Drug-Resistant Tumors using a Dual-Responsive Pt(IV)/Ru(II) Bimetallic Polymer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004766. [PMID: 32964540 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major problem in cancer treatment. Herein, the design of a dual-responsive Pt(IV)/Ru(II) bimetallic polymer (PolyPt/Ru) to treat cisplatin-resistant tumors in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is reported. PolyPt/Ru is an amphiphilic ABA-type triblock copolymer. The hydrophilic A blocks consist of biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The hydrophobic B block contains reduction-responsive Pt(IV) and red-light-responsive Ru(II) moieties. PolyPt/Ru self-assembles into nanoparticles that are efficiently taken up by cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. Irradiation of cancer cells containing PolyPt/Ru nanoparticles with red light generates 1 O2 , induces polymer degradation, and triggers the release of the Ru(II) anticancer agent. Meanwhile, the anticancer drug, cisplatin, is released in the intracellular environment via reduction of the Pt(IV) moieties. The released Ru(II) anticancer agent, cisplatin, and the generated 1 O2 have different anticancer mechanisms; their synergistic effects inhibit the growth of drug-resistant cancer cells. Furthermore, PolyPt/Ru nanoparticles inhibit tumor growth in a PDX mouse model because they circulate in the bloodstream, accumulate at tumor sites, exhibit good biocompatibility, and do not cause side effects. The results demonstrate that the development of stimuli-responsive multi-metallic polymers provides a new strategy to overcome drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Yufei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianxiong Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Si Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karges J. Combining Inorganic Chemistry and Biology: The Underestimated Potential of Metal Complexes in Medicine. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3044-3046. [PMID: 32896976 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of investigated compounds in modern medicine are based on organic molecules. Within the last decades, the field of medicinial chemistry is shifting towards the application of metal complexes. These compounds offer different mechanisms of action in comparison to organic molecules due to their unique properties, making them novel drug candidates. Herein, the successful combination of metal containing compounds and medicine is highlighted by their application for photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen J, Tao Q, Wu J, Wang M, Su Z, Qian Y, Yu T, Wang Y, Xue X, Liu HK. A lysosome-targeted ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex as photodynamic anticancer agent. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 210:111132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
24
|
Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, cytotoxicity, and molecular docking approaches of Pd(II) complex with N,O- donor ligands as a novel potent anticancer agent. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
25
|
Li S, Zhao J, Wang X, Xu G, Gou S, Zhao Q. Design of a Tris-Heteroleptic Ru(II) Complex with Red-Light Excitation and Remarkably Improved Photobiological Activity. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11193-11204. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang C, Guan R, Liao X, Ouyang C, Liu J, Ji L, Chao H. Mitochondrial DNA targeting and impairment by a dinuclear Ir–Pt complex that overcomes cisplatin resistance. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A dinuclear complex [(ppy)Ir(tpy)PtCl]2+ (Ir–Pt) can exhibit strong antitumor activity towards cisplatin-resistant cancer cells and induce cell necrosis via mtDNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang C, Guan R, Liao X, Ouyang C, Rees TW, Liu J, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. A mitochondria-targeting dinuclear Ir-Ru complex as a synergistic photoactivated chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy agent against cisplatin-resistant tumour cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12547-12550. [PMID: 31576841 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05998a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A mitochondria-targeting hetero-binuclear Ir(iii)-Ru(ii) complex was developed as a photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) bifunctional agent to achieve a synergistic effective therapeutic outcome for the therapy of cisplatin-resistant tumour cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Xinxing Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Thomas W Rees
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Jiangping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China. and College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guo Y, He Y, Wu S, Zhang S, Song D, Zhu Z, Guo Z, Wang X. Enhancing Cytotoxicity of a Monofunctional Platinum Complex via a Dual-DNA-Damage Approach. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13150-13160. [PMID: 31539237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an attractive cellular target for anticancer agents in addition to nuclear DNA (nDNA). The cationic platinum(II) complex cis-[Pt(NP)(NH3)2Cl]NO3 (PtNP, NP = N-(2-ethylpyridine)-1,8-naphthalimide) bearing the DNA-intercalating moiety NP was designed. The structure of PtNP was fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, NMR, and HRMS. PtNP is superior to cisplatin in both in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities with low systemic toxicity. The interaction of PtNP with CT-DNA demonstrated that PtNP could effectively bind to DNA through both covalent and noncovalent double binding modes. In addition to causing significant damage to nDNA and remarkable inhibition to DNA damage repair, PtNP also distributed in mitochondria, inducing mtDNA damage and affecting the downstream transcriptional level of mitochondrion-encoded genes. In addition, PtNP disturbed the physiological processes of mitochondria by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential and promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that PtNP induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways by upregulating Bax and Puma and downregulating Bcl-2 proteins, leading to the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. As a dual-DNA-damage agent, PtNP is able to improve the anticancer activity by damaging both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, thus providing a new anticancer mechanism of action for the naphthalimide monofunctional platinum(II) complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengde Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang FX, Liang JH, Zhang H, Wang ZH, Wan Q, Tan CP, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Mitochondria-Accumulating Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes Induce Cell Death via Irreversible Oxidative Stress and Glutathione Metabolism Disturbance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13123-13133. [PMID: 30888144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in tumorigenesis. Targeting mitochondria and disturbing related events have been emerging as a promising way for chemotherapy. In this work, two binuclear rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes of the general formula [Re2(CO)6(dip)2L](PF6)2 (dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; L = 4,4'-azopyridine (ReN) or 4,4'-dithiodipyridine (ReS)) were synthesized and characterized. ReN and ReS can react with glutathione (GSH). They exhibit good in vitro anticancer activity against cancer cell lines screened. Besides, they can target mitochondria, cause oxidative stress, and disturb GSH metabolism. Both ReN and ReS can induce necroptosis and caspase-dependent apoptosis simultaneously. We also demonstrate that ReN and ReS can inhibit tumor growth in nude mice bearing carcinoma xenografts. Our study shows the potential of Re(I) complexes as chemotherapeutic agents to kill cancer cells via a mitochondria-to-cellular redox strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hao Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Ze-Hua Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Qin Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|