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Postils V, Burešová Z, Casanova D, Champagne B, Bureš F, Rodriguez V, Castet F. Second-order nonlinear optical properties of X-shaped pyrazine derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1709-1721. [PMID: 38131670 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This work reports an investigation of the second-order NLO properties of two isomer series of X-shaped pyrazine derivatives, by means of HRS measurements and DFT calculations. The systems differ in the relative position of the donor and acceptor substituents with respect to the axis formed by the nitrogen atoms of the central pyrazine ring. Although the magnitude of the second harmonic signal is similar, HRS measurements revealed that the anisotropy of the NLO response strongly differs in the two chromophore series, the one of the 2,3-isomers being strikingly dipolar, while the one of the 2,6-isomers is mostly octupolar. The experimental observations are well supported by DFT calculations. In particular, the sum-over-states approach allows us to rationalize the different NLO anisotropies observed in the two isomer series through a detailed analysis of the symmetry of the low-lying excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verònica Postils
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Zuzana Burešová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Chemistry Department, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Filip Bureš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Rodriguez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
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Zhang L, Morshedi M, Humphrey MG. Outstanding Multi‐Photon Absorption at π‐Delocalizable Metallodendrimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116181. [PMID: 35001474 PMCID: PMC9306932 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Mahbod Morshedi
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Mark G. Humphrey
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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Zhang L, Morshedi M, Humphrey MG. Outstanding Multi‐Photon Absorption at π‐Delocalizable Metallodendrimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Australian National University College of Science: Australian National University Research School of Chemistry AUSTRALIA
| | - Mahbod Morshedi
- Australian National University College of Science: Australian National University Research School of Chemistry AUSTRALIA
| | - Mark G. Humphrey
- Building 137 Research School of Chemistry Australian National University ACT 2601 Canberra AUSTRALIA
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Jiang P, Wang Z, Moxey GJ, Morshedi M, Barlow A, Wang G, Quintana C, Zhang C, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG. Syntheses and quadratic nonlinear optical properties of 2,7-fluorenylene- and 1,4-phenylene-functionalized o-carboranes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12549-12559. [PMID: 31367717 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02645b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
o-Carboranes C-functionalized by (4-substituted-phen-1-yl)ethynyl-1,4-phenyl groups or (2-substituted-fluoren-7-yl)ethynyl-2,7-fluorenyl groups, in which the pendant functionalization is electron-withdrawing nitro or electron-donating diphenylamino groups, have been synthesized and in many cases structurally characterized. Diphenylamino-containing examples coupled via the two π-delocalizable bridges to the electron-accepting o-carborane unit exhibit the greater quadratic optical nonlinearities at 1064 nm (hyper-Rayleigh scattering, ns pulses), the nonlinearities also increasing on proceeding from 1,4-phenylene- to 2,7-fluorenylene-containing bridge. The most NLO-efficient example 2-(n-butyl)-1-(2-((9,9-di(n-butyl)-2-(N,N-diphenylamino)-9H-fluoren-7-yl)ethynyl)-9,9-di(n-butyl)-9H-fluoren-7-yl)-1,2-ortho-carborane, consisting of diphenylamino donor, fluorenyl-containing bridge, o-carborane acceptor, and solubilizing n-butyl units, exhibits large 〈β〉HRS (230 × 10-30 esu) and frequency-independent (two-level model) 〈β0〉 (96 × 10-30 esu) values. Coupling two (2-((9,9-di(n-butyl)-2-(N,N-diphenylamino)-9H-fluoren-7-yl)ethynyl)-9,9-di(n-butyl)-9H-fluoren-7-yl) units to the 1,2-ortho-carborane core affords a di-C-functionalized compound with enhanced nonlinearities (309 × 10-30 esu and 129 × 10-30 esu, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhaojin Wang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Graeme J Moxey
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mahbod Morshedi
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Adam Barlow
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Genmiao Wang
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Cristóbal Quintana
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Marie P Cifuentes
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China. and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mark G Humphrey
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China. and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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