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Kaur A, Chaudhary RP. Review on Synthesis of 2-(2-Hydroxyaryl) Benzothiazoles (HBT) for Excited-State Intra-molecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT)-Based Detection of Ions and Biomolecules. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:26. [PMID: 39023635 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we present a systematic and comprehensive summary of the recent developments in the synthetic strategies of 2-(2-hydroxyarylsubstituted)-benzothiazole (HBT) framework along with incorporation of various substituents on phenolic and benzothiazole rings which affect the emission process. The literature, spanning the years 2015-2024, on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based studies of HBT derivatives comprising the effects of solvent polarity, substituents, and extended conjugation on fluorophores has been searched. ESIPT, intramolecular charge transfer, and aggregation-induced emissions enable these fluorescent probes to specifically interact with analytes, thereby altering their luminescence characteristics to achieve analyte detection. These fluorescent probes exhibit large Stokes shifts, high quantum yields, and excellent color transitions. Finally, the applications of HBTs as ESIPT-based fluorescent probes for the detection of cations, anions, and biomolecules have been summarized. We anticipate that this review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this field and encourage researchers to develop novel ESIPT-based fluorophores with new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106, India
| | - R P Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106, India.
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2
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Han J, Cui H, Du B, Zheng Y, Feng G, Ye J. Liquid-solid phase regulating excited-state intramolecular proton transfer process of HBT-d-NO 2: A QM/MM study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 298:122804. [PMID: 37167801 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer process of 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethynyl]phenol (HBT-d-NO2) in the different surrounding environment is investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The optimized molecular structure provides convincing evidence that the intramolecular hydrogen bond is strengthened in the first excited (S1) state. The frontier molecular orbitals observed the HBT-d-NO2 exists obvious intramolecular charge translate phenomenon. The results of the potential energy curve show that HBT-d-NO2 is difficult to undergo proton transfer in the ground (S0) state due to the high energy barrier, while it becomes easier in the S1 state in both liquid and solid phases. By comparison, the energy barrier of ESIPT in the solid phase is higher than that in the liquid phase. We can conclude that the solid phase effectively hinders the ESIPT process compared with that the liquid phase. In this work, we illustrate the influence of liquid and solid phases on the intramolecular proton transfer process, which could promote further developments in biomedical and fluorophore applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China.
| | - Haichao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Baosheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Yongzan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Gaoping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Jifei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
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3
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Xu X, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Jin L, Cheng Q, Liu F, Sun C. Theoretically unveiling the effect of solvent polarities on ESDPT mechanisms and photophysical properties of hydroxyanthraquinones. J Mol Model 2022; 28:389. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shekhovtsov NA, Bushuev MB. Enol or keto? Interplay between solvents and substituents as a factor controlling ESIPT. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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5
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Substituent control of dynamical process for excited state intramolecular proton transfer of benzothiazole derivatives. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Shainyan BA, Zhilitskaya LV, Yarosh NO. Synthetic Approaches to Biologically Active C-2-Substituted Benzothiazoles. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082598. [PMID: 35458794 PMCID: PMC9027766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous benzothiazole derivatives are used in organic synthesis, in various industrial and consumer products, and in drugs, with a wide spectrum of biological activity. As the properties of the benzothiazole moiety are strongly affected by the nature and position of substitutions, in this review, covering the literature from 2016, we focus on C-2-substituted benzothiazoles, including the methods of their synthesis, structural modification, reaction mechanisms, and possible pharmacological activity. The synthetic approaches to these heterocycles include both traditional multistep reactions and one-pot atom economy processes using green chemistry principles and easily available reagents. Special attention is paid to the methods of the thiazole ring closure and chemical modification by the introduction of pharmacophore groups.
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Liu D, Zhang Z, Chen A, Zhang P. A turn on fluorescent assay for real time determination of β-galactosidase and its application in living cell imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120345. [PMID: 34492512 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, fluorescent probes based on chemical reactions have been widely investigated as a powerful and noninvasive method for the diagnosis of diseases. β-Galactosidase (β-gal), a typical lysosomal glycosidase, over expressed in senescent cells and primary ovarian cancer cells, which has been considered as an important biomarker cell senescence and primary ovarian cancers. Fluorescent probes for the determination of β-gal provide an excellent choice for visualization of cell senescence. In this work, a turn on fluorescent probe (HBT-gal) for β-gal activity was developed based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. HBT-gal showed little fluorescence in aqueous buffer excited at 415 nm, while emitted green fluorescence centered at ∼ 492 nm upon incubated with β-gal. The sensing scheme showed high selectivity and sensitivity for β-gal activity with a limit of detection calculated as low as 0.19 mU/mL. Moreover, HBT-gal was successfully applied to image β-gal activity in senescent Hep G2 cells treated with H2O2. Therefore, probe HBT-gal demonstrated a potential usage for the determination of cell senescence using β-gal as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000 PR China.
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Anying Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000 PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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Guo Y, Pan Y, Tang L. Progresses in Reactive Fluorescent Probes with Fused Aggregation- Induced Emission (AIE) and Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) Structures. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Wang L, Zheng H, Zheng K, Yan J, Zhang N, Yu W. π-Expanded benzothiazole dyes with excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer process: Synthesis, photophysical properties, imaging in cells and zebrafish. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bao C, Shao S, Zhou H, Han Y. A new ESIPT-based fluorescent probe for the highly sensitive detection of amine vapors. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01826d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new ESIPT-based fluorescent probe has been developed as a rapid, highly sensitive, and selective sensor for amine vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Bao
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Sufang Shao
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
- Hangzhou Xinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd
| | - Yifeng Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
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11
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Kumar G, Paul K, Luxami V. Deciphering the excited state intramolecular charge-coupled double proton transfer in an asymmetric quinoline–benzimidazole system. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetrical H-bonding responsible for charge coupled-excited state intramolecular double proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology
- Patiala-147001
- India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology
- Patiala-147001
- India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology
- Patiala-147001
- India
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12
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Wang R, Ding J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Effect of Conjugation Mode on Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Fabricating Acid-Responsive Fluorophores. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3883-3892. [PMID: 31515953 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state acid-responsive materials are promising for the tunability of their intrinsic properties. However, the relationship between molecular structure and emission shift as a response to acid stimuli has not been systematically studied. Herein, we report the effect of protonation and subsequent intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the photophysical properties of compounds (MPP-s, MPP-d, and MPP-d-CN) with different conjugation modes between the electron-donating dimethoxyl phenyl and the electron-withdrawing benzothiazole ring. The results established that the stronger the intramolecular charge transfer feature of the compound, the smaller is the emission shift after acid stimuli. Our studies also indicated that the conjugation mode significantly affected the solid-state packing mode: MPP-s and MPP-d tended to form dimers, while MPP-d-CN exhibited the strongest aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). The exploration of structure-property relationship would provide experimental and theoretical guidance in designing acid-responsive molecular switches and developing high-performance AIEE-active luminogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Ju Ding
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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Wang R, Ding J, Zhang Y. Naphthalimide/benzimide-based excited-state intramolecular proton transfer active luminogens: aggregation-induced enhanced emission and potential for chemical modification. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01685f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two ESIPT- and AIEE-active molecules, HPIBT, which is superior to HNIBT, and HPIBT-yl can be further modified through high-efficiency click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Ju Ding
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
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