1
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Zhang Y, Lee TS, Petersen JL, Milsmann C. Photophysical Studies of a Zr(IV) Complex with Two Pyrrolide-Based Tetradentate Schiff Base Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9002-9013. [PMID: 38700497 PMCID: PMC11110004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of two equivalents of N,N'-bis(2-pyrrolylmethylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine (H2bppda) with tetrabenzylzirconium provided the air- and moisture-stable eight-coordinate complex Zr(bppda)2. Temperature-dependent steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy established weak photoluminescence (ΦPL = 0.4% at 293 K) by a combination of prompt fluorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) upon visible light excitation at and around room temperature. TADF emission is strongly quenched by 3O2 and shows highly temperature-sensitive emission lifetimes of hundreds of microseconds. The lifetime of the lowest energy singlet excited state, S1, was established by transient absorption spectroscopy and shows rapid deactivation (τ = 142 ps) by prompt fluorescence and intersystem crossing to the triplet state, T1. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations predict moderate ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) contributions of 25-30% for the S1 and T1 states. A comparison of Zr(bppda)2 to related zirconium pyridine dipyrrolide complexes, Zr(PDP)2, revealed important electronic structure changes due to the eight-coordinate ligand environment in Zr(bppda)2, which were correlated to differences in the photophysical properties between the two compound classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- C.
Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02144, United States
| | - Tia S. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C.
Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Carsten Milsmann
- C.
Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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2
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May AM, Dempsey JL. A new era of LMCT: leveraging ligand-to-metal charge transfer excited states for photochemical reactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6661-6678. [PMID: 38725519 PMCID: PMC11079626 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05268k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excited states are capable of undergoing a wide array of photochemical reactions, yet receive minimal attention compared to other charge transfer excited states. This work provides general criteria for designing transition metal complexes that exhibit low energy LMCT excited states and routes to drive photochemistry from these excited states. General design principles regarding metal identity, oxidation state, geometry, and ligand sets are summarized. Fundamental photoreactions from these states including visible light-induced homolysis, excited state electron transfer, and other photoinduced chemical transformations are discussed and key design principles for enabling these photochemical reactions are further highlighted. Guided by these fundamentals, this review outlines critical considerations for the future design and application of coordination complexes with LMCT excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie May
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Jillian L Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
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3
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Razavi SAA, Habibzadeh E, Morsali A. Multifunctional Roles of Dihydrotetrazine-Decorated Zr-MOFs in Photoluminescence and Colorimetrism for Discrimination of Arsenate and Phosphate Ions in Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39319-39331. [PMID: 37579270 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The high chemical and structural stabilities of zirconium (Zr)-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in aquatic media make them ideal candidates for wastewater treatment. Rational decoration or Zr-MOFs with functional groups can significantly extend their application in this area. In this work, two well-known Zr-MOFs, UiO-66 and MIL-140-A, were functionalized with dihydrotetrazine function to increase their capability in water treatment. Investigations reveal that these two dihydrotetrazine (DHTZ)-functionalized MOFs, namely UiO-66(Zr)-DHTZ and MIL-140(Zr)-DHTZ, can be applied as a two-component array for highly selective and sensitive discrimination of arsenate (AsO43-) and phosphate (PO43-) ions in water in the presence of other anions. Photoluminescence (PL) tests using UiO-66(Zr)-DHTZ show that this MOF can detect these two anions via a ratiometric response, 1.74 for arsenate and 1.84 for phosphate at 2 μM, with superior detection limits (7.2 × 10-8 M for AsO43- and 4.3 × 10-8 M for PO43-). The ratiometric PL response of UiO-66(Zr)-DHTZ toward arsenate and phosphate anions arises possibly from the arsenate-dihydrotetrazine hydrogen bonding. In the next step, colorimetric tests using MIL-140(Zr)-DHTZ were conducted to discriminate the arsenate from phosphate with a very low detection limit at nanomolar level. This MOF undergoes a yellow-to-pink color change in the presence of arsenate ions, while no color change is observed in the presence of phosphate. This color change is observed through conversion of dihydrotetrazine sites inside the pores of MIL-140(Zr)-DHTZ into tetrazine. Altogether, the PL response of UiO-66(Zr)-DHTZ is originated from the hydrogen bond-donating/accepting character of DHTZ function, while the colorimetric response of MIL-140(Zr)-DHTZ is based on the chemical conversion of DHTZ function. This work clearly shows that the decoration of Zr-based MOFs with multicharacter functional groups can develop their application in wastewater treatment as multipurpose platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Ali Akbar Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14117-13116 Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Elham Habibzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14117-13116 Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14117-13116 Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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4
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Zhao T, Wang P, Liu N, Zhao W, Yang M, Li S, Yang Z, Sun B, Huhn T. Synthesis and X-ray structure analysis of cytotoxic heptacoordinated Salan hafnium (IV) complexes stabilized with 2,6-dipicolinic acid. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112094. [PMID: 36525714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Four novel Salan Hf(IV) complexes stabilized by 2,6-dipicolinic acid (Dipic) were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. These Hf(IV)bis-chelates could be obtained in good to excellent yields (88%-91%) and demonstrated rather good stability in aqueous media and on silica gel. [L2Hf(IV)Dipic4-H,Cl] containing steric bulk L2 were stable in about 10% H2O (H2O/THF (v/v)), however, [L1Hf(IV)Dipic4-H,Cl] with non-steric L1 could slowly dissociate and release nontoxic L1. [L1-2Hf(IV)Dipic4-Cl] showed excellent anti-tumoral activity in the range of cisplatin (Hela S3: IC50 = 3.5 ± 0.4 μM, Hep G2: IC50 = 11.2 ± 2.1 μM). In addition, the cellular uptake and apoptosis investigation of [L1Hf(IV)Dipic4-Cl] suggested a fast cellular uptake process against Hela S3 cells with an almost exclusive induced apoptosis cell death path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Nan Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shanjia Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhongduo Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Bolu Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Fachbereich Chemie and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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5
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Rodriguez TM, Deegbey M, Chen CH, Jakubikova E, Dempsey JL. Isocyanide Ligands Promote Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer Excited States in a Rhenium(II) Complex. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6576-6585. [PMID: 36652699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A metal-to-ligand charge transfer with mixed intraligand character is observed for the rhenium hexakisarylisocyanide complex [Re(CNAr)6]PF6 (CNAr = 2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide, λmax = 300 nm). Upon oxidation to [Re(CNAr)6](PF6)2, the dominant low energy optical transition is a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mixed with intraligand transitions (λmax = 650 nm). TD-DFT was used to identify the participating ligand-based orbitals in the LMCT transition, revealing that the majority of the donor orbital is based on the aryl ring (85%) as opposed to the CN bond (14%). For both [Re(CNAr)6]+ and [Re(CNAr)6]2+, structural characterization by X-ray diffraction reveals deviations from Oh geometry at the central Re ion, with larger reduction in symmetry observed for Re(II). For [Re(CNAr)6]+, these structural changes lead to a broadening of the strong ν(C≡N) stretch (2065 cm-1), as the degeneracy of the T1u IR-active mode is broken. Furthermore, a shoulder is observed for this ν(C≡N) stretch, resulting from deviation of the C-N-Ar bond from linearity. By contrast, [Re(CNAr)6]2+ has two weak bands in the ν(C≡N) region (2065 and 2121 cm-1). DFT calculations indicate that reduction of symmetry at the central rhenium ion manifests in the decrease in intensity and the observed split of the ν(C≡N) band. Stability of both complexes are limited by light-induced decomposition where Re(I) dissociates a isocyanide ligand upon irradiation and Re(II) absorbance decays under ambient light. These data provide new insights to the electronic structure of [Re(CNAr)6]2+, enhancing our understanding of LMCT excited states and the versatility of isocyanide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayliz M Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Mawuli Deegbey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jillian L Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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6
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Gowda AS, Lee TS, Rosko MC, Petersen JL, Castellano FN, Milsmann C. Long-Lived Photoluminescence of Molecular Group 14 Compounds through Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7338-7348. [PMID: 35507416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent molecules exploiting the sizable spin-orbit coupling constants of main group metals and metalloids to access long-lived triplet excited states are relatively rare compared to phosphorescent transition metal complexes. Here we report the synthesis of three air- and moisture-stable group 14 compounds E(MePDPPh)2, where E = Si, Ge, or Sn and [MePDPPh]2- is the doubly deprotonated form of 2,6-bis(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine. In solution, all three molecules exhibit exceptionally long-lived triplet excited states with lifetimes in the millisecond range and show highly efficient photoluminescence (Φ ≤ 0.49) due to competing prompt fluorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence at and around room temperature. Temperature-dependent steady-state emission spectra and photoluminescent lifetime measurements provided conclusive evidence for the two distinct emission pathways. Picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy allowed further analysis of the intersystem crossing (ISC) between singlet and triplet manifolds (τISC = 0.25-3.1 ns) and confirmed the expected trend of increased ISC rates for the heavier elements in otherwise isostructural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha S Gowda
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Tia S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Michael C Rosko
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Carsten Milsmann
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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7
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Lamač M, Dunlop D, Lang K, Kubát P. Group 4 metallocene derivatives as a new class of singlet oxygen photosensitizers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Dunlop D, Večeřa M, Gyepes R, Kubát P, Lang K, Horáček M, Pinkas J, Šimková L, Liška A, Lamač M. Luminescent Cationic Group 4 Metallocene Complexes Stabilized by Pendant N-Donor Groups. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7315-7328. [PMID: 33945274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cationic group 4 metallocene complexes with pendant imine and pyridine donor groups were prepared as stable crystalline [B(C6F5)4]- salts either by protonation of the intramolecularly bound ketimide moiety in neutral complexes [(η5-C5Me5){η5-C5H4CMe2CMe2C(R)═N-κN}MCl] (M = Ti, Zr, Hf; R = t-Bu, Ph) by PhNMe2H+[B(C6F5)4]- to give [(η5-C5Me5){η5-C5H4CMe2CMe2C(R)═NH-κN}MCl]+[B(C6F5)4]- or by chloride ligand abstraction from the complexes [(η5-C5Me5)(η5-C5H4CMe2CH2C5H4N)MCl2] (M = Ti, Zr) by Li[B(C6F5)4]·2.5Et2O to give [(η5-C5Me5)(η5-C5H4CMe2CH2C5H4N-κN)MCl]+[B(C6F5)4]-. Solid state structures of the new compounds were established by X-ray diffraction analysis, and their electrochemical behavior was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The cationic complexes of Zr and Hf, compared to the corresponding neutral species, exhibited significantly enhanced luminescence predominantly from triplet ligand-to-metal (3LMCT) excited states with lifetimes up to 62 μs and quantum yields up to 58% in the solid state. DFT calculations were performed to explain the structural features and optical and electrochemical properties of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dunlop
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Večeřa
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Róbert Gyepes
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubát
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Lang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Horáček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pinkas
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Šimková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Alan Liška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lamač
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic
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9
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Zhou Y, He P, Mo XF, Liu C, Gan ZL, Tong HX, Yi XY. Neutral Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes with Pyridylpyrrole Ligand for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Water. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6266-6275. [PMID: 33870688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To explore structure-activity relationships with respect to light-harvesting behavior, a family of neutral iridium complexes [Ir(ppy)2(LR)] 1-4 (where ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, and N̂N = 2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine and its functionalized derivatives) were designed and synthesized. The structural modifications in metal complexes are accomplished through the attributions of electron-donating CH3 in 2, OCH3 in 3, and electron-withdrawing CF3 in 4. The structural analysis displays that the pyridylpyrrole acts as one-negative charged bidentated ligand to chelate the iridium center. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of these complexes were systematically studied. The neutral 1-4 as well as the ionic structurally analogous [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)](PF6) (5) were utilized as PSs in photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water with [Co(bpy)3](PF6)2 as catalyst and triethanolamine (TEOA) as electron sacrificial agent in the presence of salt LiCl. Complex 1 maintains activity for more than 144 h under irradiation, and the total turnover number is up to 1768. The electrochemical properties and the quenching reaction indicate the H2 generation by neutral complexes 1-4 is involved exclusively in the oxidative quenching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Fang Mo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Liang Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xia Tong
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
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10
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Tukhbatullin AA, Kovyazin PV, Sharipov GL, Parfenova LV, Ivchenko PV, Nifant'ev IE. Photoluminescence and mechanoluminescence of solid-state zirconocene dichlorides. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:943-950. [PMID: 33522099 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spectral-luminescence properties of 23 samples of zirconium complexes were studied. Mechanoluminescence spectra of 10 complexes were obtained. The solid-state component of the mechanoluminescence spectrum, that is the luminescence of the crystal itself, coincided with the photoluminescence spectra of these complexes, which indicated identical emission from the same excited states in mechanoluminescence and photoluminescence, despite the different ways of excitation. The luminescence maximum was red shifted as substituents appeared in the ligand, in particular in the presence of a bridging group connecting π-ligands (ansa-complexes) and also for a substituted bis-indenyl complex rac-Me2 Si(2-Me-4-Ph-5-OMe-6-But -Ind)2 ZrCl2 ). It was found that mechanical destruction of the rac-isomer of complex Mе2 С(2-Me-4-But -C5 H2 )2 ZrCl2 , unlike that of the meso-isomer, was accompanied by a more than a 10-fold increase in intensity and by a shift in the mechanoluminescence spectrum to longer wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adis A Tukhbatullin
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, 141, Oktyabrya Prosp., Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Kovyazin
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, 141, Oktyabrya Prosp., Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Glyus L Sharipov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, 141, Oktyabrya Prosp., Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila V Parfenova
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, 141, Oktyabrya Prosp., Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Ivchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Russian Academy of Sciences, A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, 29, Leninsky Prosp., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E Nifant'ev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Russian Academy of Sciences, A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, 29, Leninsky Prosp., Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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New syntheses of haloketo acid methyl esters and their transformation to halolactones by reductive cyclization. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Delayed fluorescence from a zirconium(IV) photosensitizer with ligand-to-metal charge-transfer excited states. Nat Chem 2020; 12:345-352. [PMID: 32203439 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advances in chemical control of the photophysical properties of transition-metal complexes are revolutionizing a wide range of technologies, particularly photocatalysis and light-emitting diodes, but they rely heavily on molecules containing precious metals such as ruthenium and iridium. Although the application of earth-abundant 'early' transition metals in photosensitizers is clearly advantageous, a detailed understanding of excited states with ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) character is paramount to account for their distinct electron configurations. Here we report an air- and moisture-stable, visible light-absorbing Zr(IV) photosensitizer, Zr(MesPDPPh)2, where [MesPDPPh]2- is the doubly deprotonated form of [2,6-bis(5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine]. This molecule has an exceptionally long-lived triplet LMCT excited state (τ = 350 μs), featuring highly efficient photoluminescence emission (Ф = 0.45) due to thermally activated delayed fluorescence emanating from the higher-lying singlet configuration with significant LMCT contributions. Zr(MesPDPPh)2 engages in numerous photoredox catalytic processes and triplet energy transfer. Our investigation provides a blueprint for future photosensitizer development featuring early transition metals and excited states with significant LMCT contributions.
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13
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Du J, Zhou S, Zhang X, Zhang L, Cui P, Huang Z, Wei Y, Zhu X, Wang S. Syntheses, structures and catalytic activities of low‐coordinated rare‐earth metal complexes containing 2,2′‐pyridylpyrrolides. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu China
| | - Peng Cui
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu China
| | - Zeming Huang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu China
| | - Yun Wei
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai China
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