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Clarke TB, Krushinski LE, Vannoy KJ, Colón-Quintana G, Roy K, Rana A, Renault C, Hill ML, Dick JE. Single Entity Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9015-9080. [PMID: 39018111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Making a measurement over millions of nanoparticles or exposed crystal facets seldom reports on reactivity of a single nanoparticle or facet, which may depart drastically from ensemble measurements. Within the past 30 years, science has moved toward studying the reactivity of single atoms, molecules, and nanoparticles, one at a time. This shift has been fueled by the realization that everything changes at the nanoscale, especially important industrially relevant properties like those important to electrocatalysis. Studying single nanoscale entities, however, is not trivial and has required the development of new measurement tools. This review explores a tale of the clever use of old and new measurement tools to study electrocatalysis at the single entity level. We explore in detail the complex interrelationship between measurement method, electrocatalytic material, and reaction of interest (e.g., carbon dioxide reduction, oxygen reduction, hydrazine oxidation, etc.). We end with our perspective on the future of single entity electrocatalysis with a key focus on what types of measurements present the greatest opportunity for fundamental discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynn E Krushinski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Kingshuk Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashutosh Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christophe Renault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Megan L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Doughty T, Zingl A, Wünschek M, Pichler CM, Watkins MB, Roy S. Structural Reconstruction of a Cobalt- and Ferrocene-Based Metal-Organic Framework during the Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:40814-40824. [PMID: 39041926 PMCID: PMC11310903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are increasingly being investigated as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their unique modular structures that present a hybrid between molecular and heterogeneous catalysts, featuring well-defined active sites. However, many fundamental questions remain open regarding the electrochemical stability of MOFs, structural reconstruction of coordination sites, and the role of in situ-formed species. Here, we report the structural transformation of a surface-grown MOF containing cobalt nodes and 1,1'-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid linkers (denoted as CoFc-MOF) during the OER in alkaline electrolyte. Ex situ and in situ investigations of CoFc-MOF film suggest that the MOF acts as a precatalyst and undergoes a two-step restructuring process under operating conditions to generate a metal oxyhydroxide phase. The MOF-derived metal oxyhydroxide catalyst, supported on nickel foam electrodes, displays high activity toward the OER with an overpotential of 190 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. While this study demonstrates the necessity of investigating structural evolution of MOFs during electrocatalysis, it also shows the potential of using MOFs as precursors in catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Doughty
- School
of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, U.K.
| | - Andrea Zingl
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Maximilian Wünschek
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Christian M. Pichler
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, Vienna 1040, Austria
- Centre
of Electrochemical and Surface Technology, Viktor Kaplan Straße 2, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Matthew B. Watkins
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Souvik Roy
- School
of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, U.K.
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3
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Mitra K, Adalder A, Mandal S, Ghorai UK. Enhancing Electrochemical Reactivity with Magnetic Fields: Unraveling the Role of Magneto-Electrochemistry. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301132. [PMID: 38221715 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis performs a vital role in numerous energy transformation and repository mechanics, including power cells, Electric field-assisted catalysis, and batteries. It is crucial to investigate new methods to improve electrocatalytic performance if effective and long-lasting power systems are developed. The modulation of catalytic activity and selectivity by external magnetic fields over electrochemical processes has received a lot of interest lately. How the use of various magnetic fields in electrocatalysis has great promise for building effective and selective catalysts, opening the door for the advancement of sophisticated energy conversion is discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and possibilities of incorporating magnetic fields into electrocatalytic systems and suggestions for future research areas are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Mitra
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, 711202, India
| | - Ashadul Adalder
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, 711202, India
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Department of Physics, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Ghorai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, 711202, India
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Abstract
Normal saline (NS) is the most widely used agent in the medical field. However, from its origin to its widespread application, it remains a mystery. Moreover, there is an ongoing debate on whether its existence is reasonable, harmful to the human body, or will still exist in the future. The current review traces back to the origins of NS and provides a brief overview of the current situation of infusion. The purpose may shed some light on the possibility of the existence of NS in the future by elaborating on the origin of NS and the research status of the impact of NS on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing
University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengkai Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing
University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
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Hausmann JN, Beltrán‐Suito R, Mebs S, Hlukhyy V, Fässler TF, Dau H, Driess M, Menezes PW. Evolving Highly Active Oxidic Iron(III) Phase from Corrosion of Intermetallic Iron Silicide to Master Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation and Selective Oxygenation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008823. [PMID: 34048605 PMCID: PMC11468827 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In a green energy economy, electrocatalysis is essential for chemical energy conversion and to produce value added chemicals from regenerative resources. To be widely applicable, an electrocatalyst should comprise the Earth's crust's most abundant elements. The most abundant 3d metal, iron, with its multiple accessible redox states has been manifold applied in chemocatalytic processes. However, due to the low conductivity of FeIII Ox Hy phases, its applicability for targeted electrocatalytic oxidation reactions such as water oxidation is still limited. Herein, it is shown that iron incorporated in conductive intermetallic iron silicide (FeSi) can be employed to meet this challenge. In contrast to silicon-poor iron-silicon alloys, intermetallic FeSi possesses an ordered structure with a peculiar bonding situation including covalent and ionic contributions together with conducting electrons. Using in situ X-ray absorption and Raman spectroscopy, it could be demonstrated that, under the applied corrosive alkaline conditions, the FeSi partly forms a unique, oxidic iron(III) phase consisting of edge and corner sharing [FeO6 ] octahedra together with oxidized silicon species. This phase is capable of driving the oxyge evolution reaction (OER) at high efficiency under ambient and industrially relevant conditions (500 mA cm-2 at 1.50 ± 0.025 VRHE and 65 °C) and to selectively oxygenate 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Niklas Hausmann
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnical University of BerlinStraße des 17 Juni 135. Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Rodrigo Beltrán‐Suito
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnical University of BerlinStraße des 17 Juni 135. Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Department of PhysicsFree University of BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Viktor Hlukhyy
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of PhysicsFree University of BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnical University of BerlinStraße des 17 Juni 135. Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Prashanth W. Menezes
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnical University of BerlinStraße des 17 Juni 135. Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
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Li J, Zheng H, Xu C, Su Z, Li X, Sun J. Bimetallic Phosphides as High-Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1624-1630. [PMID: 33443997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic transition-metal phosphides are gradually evolving as efficient hydrogen evolution catalysts. In this study, graphene-coated MoP and bimetallic phosphide (MoNiP) nanoparticles (MoP/MoNiP@C) were synthesized via one-step straightforward high-temperature calcination and phosphating process. The precursor was obtained from polyaniline, Ni2+ ions, and phosphomolybdic acid hydrate (PMo12) by solvent evaporation. As expected, MoP/MoNiP@C manifests excellent hydrogen evolution activity with a low overpotential of 134 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a small Tafel slope of 66 mV dec-1. Furthermore, MoP/MoNiP@C exhibits satisfactory stability for 24 h in the acid electrolyte. The outstanding catalytic performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of MoP and MoNiP nanoparticles, the graphene coating protecting MoP and MoNiP from corrosion, as well as an increase in the number of active sites because of porous structures. This work can provide the experimental foundation for the simple synthesis of bimetallic phosphates with remarkable hydrogen evolution performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Centre of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Centre of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Centre of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zavitsas AA. Ideal thermodynamic behaviors of aqueous electrolyte solutions at very high concentrations. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Kim B, Kang H, Kim K, Wang RY, Park MJ. All-Solid-State Lithium-Organic Batteries Comprising Single-Ion Polymer Nanoparticle Electrolytes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2271-2279. [PMID: 32207562 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in lithium battery technologies necessitate improved energy densities, long cycle lives, fast charging, safe operation, and environmentally friendly components. This study concerns lithium-organic batteries comprising bioinspired poly(4-vinyl catechol) (P4VC) cathode materials and single-ion conducting polymer nanoparticle electrolytes. The controlled synthesis of P4VC results in a two-step redox reaction with voltage plateaus at around 3.1 and 3.5 V, as well as a high initial specific capacity of 352 mAh g-1 . The use of single-ion nanoparticle electrolytes enables high electrochemical stabilities up to 5.5 V, a high lithium transference number of 0.99, high ionic conductivities, ranging from 0.2×10-3 to 10-3 S cm-1 , and stable storage moduli of >10 MPa at 25-90 °C. Lithium cells can deliver 165 mAh g-1 at 39.7 mA g-1 for 100 cycles and stable specific capacities of >100 mAh g-1 at a high current density of 794 mA g-1 for 500 cycles. As the first successful demonstration of solid-state single-ion polymer electrolytes in environmentally benign and cost-effective lithium-organic batteries, this work establishes a future research avenue for advancing lithium battery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Haneol Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Kyoungwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Rui-Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
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9
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Numerical and experimental study on the quick freezing process of the bayberry. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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