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Versolatto S, Boccalon M, Guidolin N, Travagin F, Alessio E, Aime S, Balducci G, Giovenzana GB, Baranyai Z. [Gd(HB-DO3A)]: Equilibrium, Dissociation Kinetic and Structural Differences in a Simple Homolog of [Gd(HP-DO3A)] (Prohance ®). Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400344. [PMID: 38469901 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
[Gd(HP-DO3A)] (gadoteridol) as an active compound of ProHance® is a widely employed contrast agent in clinical MRI scans in the last 30 years. Recent concerns about the long-term retention of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) led to a deeper investigation of the structural features underlying the integrity of the paramagnetic metal complex. Several human and nonclinical studies have noted marked differences among the macrocyclic GBCAs, with the least retention of Gd traces and most rapid elimination consistently being reported for [Gd(HP-DO3A)]. It was deemed of interest to assess how minor structural/electronic changes associated to the ligand structure may affect basic properties of the metal complex with several [Gd(HP-DO3A)] analogues synthesized and characterized in the last years. We recently reported that the closest homolog of [Gd(HP-DO3A)], i. e.: [Gd(HB-DO3A)], in which a (±)-2-hydroxy-1-propyl pendant arm is replaced by a (±)-2-hydroxy-1-butyl moiety, showed a significantly different retention behaviour in the model interaction with collagen, despite the apparently very minor structural difference. In this paper we report a comprehensive study of the structural, thermodynamic, kinetic and relaxation properties of [Gd(HB-DO3A)], compared to the parent [Gd(HP-DO3A)] and to other closely related macrocyclic GBCAs to assess whether very minor structural changes can modulate the physico-chemical properties of Gd3+ complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Versolatto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Mariangela Boccalon
- Bracco Imaging Spa, CRB Trieste, AREA Science Park, 34149, Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Nicol Guidolin
- Bracco Imaging Spa, CRB Trieste, AREA Science Park, 34149, Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Fabio Travagin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, Novara, NO, 28100, Italy
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- IRCCS SDN Research Institute Diagnostics and Nuclear SynLab, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143, Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Gabriele Balducci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, Novara, NO, 28100, Italy
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Imaging Spa, CRB Trieste, AREA Science Park, 34149, Basovizza, TS, Italy
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2
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Ndiaye D, Sy M, Thor W, Charbonnière LJ, Nonat AM, Tóth É. Structural Variations in Carboxylated Bispidine Ligands: Influence of Positional Isomerism and Rigidity on the Conformation, Stability, Inertness and Relaxivity of their Mn 2+ Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301880. [PMID: 37470713 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Mn2+ complexes of 2,4-pyridyl-disubstituted bispidine ligands have emerged as more biocompatible alternatives to Gd3+ -based MRI probes. They display relaxivities comparable to that of commercial contrast agents and high kinetic inertness, unprecedented for Mn2+ complexes. The chemical structure, in particular the substituents on the two macrocyclic nitrogens N3 and N7, are decisive for the conformation of the Mn2+ complexes, and this will in turn determine their thermodynamic, kinetic and relaxation properties. We describe the synthesis of four ligands with acetate substituents in positions N3, N7 or both. We evidence that the bispidine conformation is dependent on N3 substitution, with direct impact on the thermodynamic stability, kinetic inertness, hydration state and relaxivity of the Mn2+ complexes. These results unambiguously show that (i) solely a chair-chair conformation allows for favorable inertness and relaxivity, and (ii) in this family such chair-chair conformation is accessible only for ligands without N3-appended carboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daouda Ndiaye
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Maryame Sy
- Equipe de Synthèse pour l'Analyse Département des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 27, Rue Becquerel, 67A037, Strasbourg, France
| | - Waygen Thor
- Equipe de Synthèse pour l'Analyse Département des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 27, Rue Becquerel, 67A037, Strasbourg, France
| | - Loïc J Charbonnière
- Equipe de Synthèse pour l'Analyse Département des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 27, Rue Becquerel, 67A037, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline M Nonat
- Equipe de Synthèse pour l'Analyse Département des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 27, Rue Becquerel, 67A037, Strasbourg, France
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France
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3
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Boccalon M, Leone L, Marino G, Demitri N, Baranyai Z, Tei L. Underlining the Importance of Peripheral Protic Functional Groups to Enhance the Proton Exchange of Gd-Based MRI Contrast Agents. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13626-13636. [PMID: 34387463 PMCID: PMC8769378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In
this study, we report the synthesis and the equilibrium, kinetic,
relaxation, and structural properties of two new GdIII complexes
based on modified 10-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic
acid (HPDO3A) designed to modulate the relaxivity at acidic and basic
pH due to intra- and intermolecular proton exchange. The presence
of a carboxylic or ester moieties in place of the methyl group of
HPDO3A allowed differentiation of a protic and nonprotic functional
group, highlighting the importance of the formation of an intramolecular
hydrogen bond between the coordinated hydroxyl and the carboxylate
groups for proton exchange (kH = 1.5 ×
1011 M–1 s–1, kOH = 1.7 × 109 M–1 s–1). The determination of the thermodynamic stability
and kinetic inertness of the GdIII complexes confirmed
that the modification of peripheral groups does not significantly
affect the coordination environment and thus the stability (log KGdL = 19.26, t1/2 = 2.14 × 107 hours, pH = 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl, 25 °C).
The relaxivity (r1) was measured as a
function of pH to investigate the proton exchange kinetics, and as
a function of the magnetic field strength to extrapolate the relaxometric
parameters (r1GdL1 = 4.7 mM–1 s–1 and r1GdL2 = 5.1 mM–1 s–1 at 20 MHz, 25 °C, and pH 7.4). Finally, the X-ray crystal structure
of the complex crystallized at basic pH showed the formation of a
tetranuclear dimer with alkoxide and hydroxide groups bridging the
GdIII ions. The peripheral
carboxylic moiety of a 2-hydroxypropanoic
pendant arm of a GdHPDO3A-like complex forms an intramolecular hydrogen
bond with the −OH group that allows both acid- and base-catalyzed
proton exchange and thus a relaxivity enhancement. Conversely, the
nonprotic ester group in the same position permits only the base-catalyzed
mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Boccalon
- Bracco Research Centre, Bracco Imaging S.p.A., Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Loredana Leone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marino
- Bracco Research Centre, Bracco Imaging S.p.A., Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Research Centre, Bracco Imaging S.p.A., Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Leone L, Camorali S, Freire-García A, Platas-Iglesias C, Esteban Gomez D, Tei L. Scrutinising the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in water exchange dynamics of Gd(iii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5506-5518. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00204j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The water exchange rate in GdIII-complexes bearing substituted acetophenone moieties is modulated by the ability of peripherical substituents to establish hydrogen bonds with the coordinated and/or second sphere water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Leone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT). Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Sara Camorali
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT). Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Antía Freire-García
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - David Esteban Gomez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT). Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
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5
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Leone L, Boccalon M, Ferrauto G, Fábián I, Baranyai Z, Tei L. Acid-catalyzed proton exchange as a novel approach for relaxivity enhancement in Gd-HPDO3A-like complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7829-7835. [PMID: 34123071 PMCID: PMC8163333 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A current challenge in medical diagnostics is how to obtain high MRI relaxation enhancement using GdIII-based contrast agents (CAs) containing the minimum concentration of GdIII ions. We report that in GdHPDO3A-like complexes a primary amide group located in close proximity to the coordinated hydroxyl group can provide a strong relaxivity enhancement at slightly acidic pH. A maximum relaxivity of r1 = 9.8 mM−1 s−1 (20 MHz, 298 K) at acidic pH was achieved, which is more than double that of clinically approved MRI contrast agents under identical conditions. This effect was found to strongly depend on the number of amide protons, i.e. it decreases with a secondary amide group and almost completely vanishes with a tertiary amide. This relaxivity enhancement is attributed to an acid-catalyzed proton exchange process between the metal-coordinated OH group, the amide protons and second sphere water molecules. The mechanism and kinetics of the corresponding H+ assisted exchange process are discussed in detail and a novel simultaneous double-site proton exchange mechanism is proposed. Furthermore, 1H and 17O NMR relaxometry, Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) on the corresponding EuIII complexes, and thermodynamic and kinetic studies are reported. These highlight the optimal physico-chemical properties required to achieve high relaxivity with this series of GdIII-complexes. Thus, proton exchange provides an important opportunity to enhance the relaxivity of contrast agents, providing that labile protons close to the paramagnetic center can contribute. A novel GdHPDO3A-like complex featuring primary amide side chain induces extraordinary high relaxivity by virtue of a simultaneous double-site proton exchange mechanism under slight acidic conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Leone
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale Viale T. Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Mariangela Boccalon
- Bracco Imaging SpA, Bracco Research Center Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa TO Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferrauto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Turin Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - István Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, University of Debrecen Egyetem tér 1. H-4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Imaging SpA, Bracco Research Center Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa TO Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale Viale T. Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
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6
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Tear LR, Carrera C, Gianolio E, Aime S. Towards an Improved Design of MRI Contrast Agents: Synthesis and Relaxometric Characterisation of Gd-HPDO3A Analogues. Chemistry 2020; 26:6056-6063. [PMID: 32133687 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The properties of LnIII -HPDO3A complexes as relaxation enhancers and paraCEST agents are essentially related to the hydroxylpropyl moiety. A series of three HPDO3A derivatives, with small modifications to the hydroxyl arm, were herein investigated to understand how heightened control can be gained over the parameters involved in the design of these agents. A full 1 H and 17 O-NMR relaxometric analysis was conducted and demonstrated that increasing the length of the OH group from the lanthanide centre significantly enhanced the water exchange rate of the gadolinium complex, but with a subsequent reduction in kinetic stability. Alternatively, the introduction of an additional methyl group, which increased the steric bulk around the OH moiety, resulted in the formation of almost exclusively the TSAP isomer (95 %) as identified by 1 H-NMR of the europium complex. The gadolinium analogue of this complex also exhibited a very fast water exchange rate, but with no detectable loss of kinetic stability. This complex therefore demonstrates a notable improvement over Gd-HPDO3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise R Tear
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Eliana Gianolio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
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7
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Sofroniou C, Chazapi I, Leontidis E. Binding of lanthanide salts to zwitterionic phospholipid micelles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 557:568-579. [PMID: 31550649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As the use of lanthanide salts in biophysical systems increases and the separation of lanthanides from nuclear and other wastes with extraction processes has become an important technological challenge, a deeper understanding of the behavior of lanthanides at lipid interfaces is urgently needed. In this work the interaction of lanthanide salts with zwitterionic phospholipids is probed using aqueous micelles of the surfactant dodecyl phosphocholine (DPC), which are useful membrane-mimetic model systems, widely used for the solubilization of membrane proteins in aqueous solutions. Because more than one species exists in lanthanide salt solutions, even at the pH value of 4 used in this experiment, the major goal of this investigation is to examine which species are actually binding to the micelles. Using static and time-dependent europium fluorescence, strong indications are obtained that both the Eu3+ cation and its 1:1 chloride, nitrate, or sulfate complexes bind to the micelles, whereas the europium species do not appear to interact strongly with DPC molecules below the cmc. From isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements it is found that the lanthanide interaction with DPC micelles increases to the right of the lanthanide series and is - surprisingly - endothermic, underlying the important role of hydration effects in the interaction. The anion of the lanthanide salt strongly influences the thermodynamics: perchlorate and sulfate salts give extraordinary results, switching the interaction to exothermic. A multi-level phenomenological electrostatic model of the europium fluorescence lifetimes strongly suggests that in the case of nitrate salts both Ln3+ and LnNO32+ ions bind to the micelles. Overall a detailed molecular picture of the complexity of lanthanide-lipid interactions at interfaces is emerging from these experiments and the associated modelling effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina Sofroniou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, PO Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Ioanna Chazapi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, PO Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
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8
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Caravan P, Esteban-Gómez D, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Platas-Iglesias C. Water exchange in lanthanide complexes for MRI applications. Lessons learned over the last 25 years. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11161-11180. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01948k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coordination chemistry offers convenient strategies to modulate the exchange of coordinated water molecules in lanthanide-based contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Caravan
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging and the A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Harvard Medical School
- Charlestown
- USA
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15008 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15008 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15008 A Coruña
- Spain
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging and the A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
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