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Xie X, Huo Z, Jang E, Tong R. Recent advances in enantioselective ring-opening polymerization and copolymerization. Commun Chem 2023; 6:202. [PMID: 37775528 PMCID: PMC10541874 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Precisely controlling macromolecular stereochemistry and sequences is a powerful strategy for manipulating polymer properties. Controlled synthetic routes to prepare degradable polyester, polycarbonate, and polyether are of recent interest due to the need for sustainable materials as alternatives to petrochemical-based polyolefins. Enantioselective ring-opening polymerization and ring-opening copolymerization of racemic monomers offer access to stereoregular polymers, specifically enantiopure polymers that form stereocomplexes with improved physicochemical and mechanical properties. Here, we highlight the state-of-the-art of this polymerization chemistry that can produce microstructure-defined polymers. In particular, the structures and performances of various homogeneous enantioselective catalysts are presented. Trends and future challenges of such chemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Ziyu Huo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Eungyo Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Rong Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA.
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2
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Westlie AH, Quinn EC, Parker CR, Chen EYX. Synthetic biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Recent advances and future challenges. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Zhang Z, Shi C, Scoti M, Tang X, Chen EYX. Alternating Isotactic Polyhydroxyalkanoates via Site- and Stereoselective Polymerization of Unsymmetrical Diolides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20016-20024. [PMID: 36256876 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Naturally produced, biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) promise more sustainable alternatives to nonrenewable/degradable plastics, but biological PHA's stereomicrostructures are strictly confined to isotactic (R)-polymers or copolymers of random sequences. Chemical synthesis via catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic (di)esters offers expedient access to diverse PHA microstructures, including those with defined comonomer sequences and tacticities. However, the synthesis of alternating isotactic PHAs has not been achieved by the existing methodologies. Here, we report the design of unsymmetrically disubstituted eight-membered diolides (rac-8DLR1-R2) and their site- and stereoselective ROP with discrete chiral catalysts, enabling the synthesis of alternating isotactic PHAs, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-alt-3-hydroxyvalerate) (alt-P3HBV) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-alt-3-hydroxyheptanoate) (alt-P3HBHp), with high to quantitative (>99%) alternation and isotacticity and Mn up to 113 kDa and Đ = 1.01. Physical properties of such PHAs are substantially determined by the degree of backbone sequence alternation and tacticity, ranging from amorphous to semi-crystalline materials. The alt-P3HBV shows significantly improved mechanical performance relative to the constituent homopolymers. Intriguingly, enantiomeric (R)-alt-P3HBV and (S)-alt-P3HBV, synthesized by kinetically resolved ROP of rac-8DLMe-Et, form a stereocomplex with a significantly enhanced Tm (by 53 °C), while the enantiomeric homopolymers do not form a stereocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Miriam Scoti
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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Li H, Ollivier J, Guillaume SM, Carpentier JF. Tacticity Control of Cyclic Poly(3-Thiobutyrate) Prepared by Ring-Opening Polymerization of Racemic β-Thiobutyrolactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202386. [PMID: 35286752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report here on the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic β-thiobutyrolactone (rac-TBL), as the first chemical synthesis of poly(3-thiobutyrolactone) (P3TB), the thioester analogue of the ubiquitous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB). The ROP reactions proceed very fast (TOF >12 000 h-1 at r.t.) in the presence of various metal-based catalysts. Remarkably, catalyst systems based on non-chiral yttrium complexes stabilized by tetradentate amino alkoxy- or diamino-bis(phenolate) ligands {ONXOR1,R2 }2- (X=O, N) provide access to cyclic P3TB with either high isoselectivity (Pm up to 0.90) or high syndiotactic bias (Pr up to 0.70). The stereoselectivity can be controlled by manipulation of the substituents on the ligand platform and adequate choice of the reaction solvent and temperature as well. The cyclic polymer topology is evidenced by MALDI-ToF MS, NMR and TGA. Highly isotactic cyclic P3TB is a semi-crystalline material as revealed by DSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
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Li H, Ollivier J, Guillaume SM, Carpentier J. Tacticity Control of Cyclic Poly(3‐Thiobutyrate) Prepared by Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Racemic β‐Thiobutyrolactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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Chen S, Jia Z, Cao L, Li Y, Han X, Pan X, Wu J. AABB-Type Copolyester Synthesis via Highly Alternating Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Lactide and Benzylglycolide and Detailed Alternating Level Analyses. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinning Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jincai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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Gray SJ, Brown K, Lam FYT, Garden JA, Arnold PL. Dinuclear Ce(IV) Aryloxides: Highly Active Catalysts for Anhydride/Epoxide Ring-Opening Copolymerization. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Gray
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Karen Brown
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Francis Y. T. Lam
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Jennifer A. Garden
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Polly L. Arnold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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Lin ST, Wang CC, Chang CJ, Nakamura Y, Lin KYA, Huang CF. Progress in the Preparation of Functional and (Bio)Degradable Polymers via Living Polymerizations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9581. [PMID: 33339183 PMCID: PMC7765598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the latest developments in (bio)degradable approaches and functional aliphatic polyesters and polycarbonates prepared by typical ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones and trimethylene carbonates. It also considers several recent innovative synthetic methods including radical ring-opening polymerization (RROP), atom transfer radical polyaddition (ATRPA), and simultaneous chain- and step-growth radical polymerization (SCSRP) that produce aliphatic polyesters. With regard to (bio)degradable approaches, we have summarized several representative cleavable linkages that make it possible to obtain cleavable polymers. In the section on functional aliphatic polyesters, we explore the syntheses of specific functional lactones, which can be performed by ring-opening copolymerization of typical lactone/lactide monomers. Last but not the least, in the recent innovative methods section, three interesting synthetic methodologies, RROP, ATRPA, and SCSRP are discussed in detail with regard to their reaction mechanisms and polymer functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402-27, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Chi Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407-05, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Road, Seatwen District, Taichung 40724, Taiwan;
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Data-Driven Polymer Design Group, Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture & Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402-27, Taiwan;
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Platel RH, Hurst AR. Precise Microstructure Control in Poly(hydroxybutyrate- co-lactic Acid) Copolymers Prepared by an Yttrium Amine Bis(phenolate) Complex. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. Platel
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
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Jia Z, Chen S, Jiang J, Mao X, Pan X, Wu J. Ring-Opening Alternating Copolymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides of Lactic Acid and Malic Acid Using Hafnium Alkoxide Initiators with Different Stereo Selectivities and Activities. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10353-10360. [PMID: 32586091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monomer sequence controllable syntheses of copolymers, including copolyesters, remain a challenge in polymer science. Although alternating sequence-controlled copolymerization of O-carboxyanhydrides (OCAs) can be achieved via using syndioselective initiators, the alternating copolymerization of lactic acid-derived O-carboxyanhydride (LacOCA) with other monomers still suffers from a lack of highly syndioselective initiators. In this work, a highly syndioselective system for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of LacOCA was achieved using a bulky amine tris(phenolate) hafnium alkoxide initiator with a high Pr value of 0.91. However, the stereoselectivities of amine tris(phenolate) hafnium alkoxide initiators for the ROP of malic acid O-carboxyanhydride (MalOCA) change to be modestly or lowly isoselective. Interestingly, despite the different stereoselectivities of this system for the two different monomers, the high syndioselectivity of the initiator for the ROP of LacOCA and the low activity of MalOCA in the ROP allow comparatively high rates of cross-propagation; consequently, the ring-opening alternating copolymerization (ROAP) of LacOCA and MalOCA was achieved successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Non-Toxic and Environmentally Friendly Titanium Complexes and Their Effects on Ɛ-Caprolactone Polymerization. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-020-09307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Shakaroun RM, Jéhan P, Alaaeddine A, Carpentier JF, Guillaume SM. Organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of functional β-lactones: new insights into the ROP mechanism and poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs) macromolecular structure. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalyzed ROP of some 4-alkoxymethylene-β-propiolactones (BPLORs) towards the formation of the corresponding poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs; PBPLORs) is investigated simply using basic organocatalysts of the guanidine (TBD), amidine (DBU) or phosphazene (BEMP) type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama M. Shakaroun
- Univ. Rennes
- CNRS
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- F-35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Philippe Jéhan
- Centre Régional de Mesures Physiques de l'Ouest-CRMPO
- ScanMAT UMS 2001
- Université de Rennes 1
- France
| | - Ali Alaaeddine
- Univ. Libanaise
- Campus Universitaire Rafic Hariri Hadath
- Faculté des Sciences
- Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale et des Produits Naturels
- Beirut
| | | | - Sophie M. Guillaume
- Univ. Rennes
- CNRS
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- F-35042 Rennes
- France
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Li H, Shakaroun RM, Guillaume SM, Carpentier J. Recent Advances in Metal‐Mediated Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Functional Cyclic Esters towards Well‐Defined Poly(hydroxy acid)s: From Stereoselectivity to Sequence‐Control. Chemistry 2019; 26:128-138. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 Univ. Rennes, CNRS 35042 Rennes France
| | - Rama M. Shakaroun
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 Univ. Rennes, CNRS 35042 Rennes France
| | - Sophie M. Guillaume
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 Univ. Rennes, CNRS 35042 Rennes France
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