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Liu S, Liu SS, Tang XM, Liu XY, Yang JJ, Cui G, Li L. Solvent effects on the photoinduced charge separation dynamics of directly linked zinc phthalocyanine-perylenediimide dyads: a nonadiabatic dynamics simulation with an optimally tuned screened range-separated hybrid functional. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28452-28464. [PMID: 37846460 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03517d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have employed a combination of the optimally tuned screened range-separated hybrid (OT-SRSH) functional, the polarizable continuum model (PCM), and nonadiabatic dynamics (NAMD) simulations to investigate the photoinduced dynamics of directly linked donor-acceptor dyads formed using zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and perylenediimide (PDI), in which ZnPc is the donor while PDI is the acceptor. Our simulations aim to analyze the behavior of these dyads upon local excitation of the ZnPc moiety in the gas phase and in benzonitrile. Our findings indicate that the presence of a solvent can significantly influence the excited state dynamics of ZnPc-PDI dyads. Specifically, the polar solvent benzonitrile effectively lowers the vertical excitation energies of the charge transfer (CT) state from ZnPc to PDI. As a result, the energetic order of the locally excited (LE) states of ZnPc and the CT states is reversed compared to the gas phase. Consequently, the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) dynamics from ZnPc to PDI, which is absent in the gas phase, takes place in benzonitrile with a time constant of 10.4 ps. Importantly, our present work not only qualitatively agrees with experimental results but also provides in-depth insights into the underlying mechanisms responsible for the photoinduced dynamics of ZnPc-PDI. Moreover, this study emphasizes the importance of appropriately considering solvent effects in NAMD simulation of organic donor-acceptor systems, taking into account the distinct excited state dynamics observed in the gas phase and benzonitrile. Furthermore, the combination of the OT-SRSH functional, the PCM solvent model, and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations shows promise as a strategy for investigating the complex excited state dynamics of organic donor-acceptor systems in solvents. These findings will be valuable for the future design of novel organic donor-acceptor structures with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China.
| | - Sha-Sha Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Tang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China.
| | - Jia-Jia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China.
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Laicai Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China.
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2
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Ileperuma CV, Garcés-Garcés J, Shao S, Fernández-Lázaro F, Sastre-Santos Á, Karr PA, D'Souza F. Panchromatic Light-Capturing Bis-styryl BODIPY-Perylenediimide Donor-Acceptor Constructs: Occurrence of Sequential Energy Transfer Followed by Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301686. [PMID: 37428999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Two wide-band-capturing donor-acceptor conjugates featuring bis-styrylBODIPY and perylenediimide (PDI) have been newly synthesized, and the occurrence of ultrafast excitation transfer from the 1 PDI* to BODIPY, and a subsequent electron transfer from the 1 BODIPY* to PDI have been demonstrated. Optical absorption studies revealed panchromatic light capture but offered no evidence of ground-state interactions between the donor and acceptor entities. Steady-state fluorescence and excitation spectral recordings provided evidence of singlet-singlet energy transfer in these dyads, and quenched fluorescence of bis-styrylBODIPY emission in the dyads suggested additional photo-events. The facile oxidation of bis-styrylBODIPY and facile reduction of PDI, establishing their relative roles of electron donor and acceptor, were borne out by electrochemical studies. The electrostatic potential surfaces of the S1 and S2 states, derived from time-dependent DFT calculations, supported excited charge transfer in these dyads. Spectro-electrochemical studies on one-electron-oxidized and one-electron-reduced dyads and the monomeric precursor compounds were also performed in a thin-layer optical cell under corresponding applied potentials. From this study, both bis-styrylBODIPY⋅+ and PDI⋅- could be spectrally characterizes and were subsequently used in characterizing the electron-transfer products. Finally, pump-probe spectral studies were performed in dichlorobenzene under selective PDI and bis-styrylBODIPY excitation to secure energy and electron-transfer evidence. The measured rate constants for energy transfer, kENT , were in the range of 1011 s-1 , while the electron transfer rate constants, kET , were in the range of 1010 s-1 , thus highlighting their potential use in solar energy harvesting and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamari V Ileperuma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas at Denton, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - José Garcés-Garcés
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas at Denton, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Fernando Fernández-Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Paul A Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College, 111 Main Street, Wayne, Nebraska, 68787, USA
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas at Denton, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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Orthogonal carbazole-perylene bisimide pentad: a photoconversion-tunable photosensitizer with diversified excitation and excited-state relaxation pathways. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Lee CH, Yun YJ, Guo J, Chen LX, Mandal BK. Synthesis of a new zinc phthalocyanine–benzoquinone rigid dyad. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new zinc phthalocyanine–benzoquinone rigid dyad, QnZnPc–G[Formula: see text] was synthesized as a model compound to study photo-induced charge separation mimicking natural photosynthesis. Compared to its previously reported analog, this dyad has an additional fused benzene ring between the zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) (donor) and benzoquinone (acceptor) moieties. The rigid structure of QnZnPc–G[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] no rotamers) is designed to minimize the unusual electronic perturbation induced by the internal motions, which resulted in a significant increase in the lifetime of the charged separated state (from 40 ps to 252 ps). Physical and photochemical properties of this new dyad were examined and discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Young Ju Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Jianchang Guo
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Lin X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Braja. K. Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
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Dubey RK, Inan D, Philip AM, Grozema FC, Jager WF. Efficacious elimination of intramolecular charge transfer in perylene imide based light-harvesting antenna molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5560-5563. [PMID: 32297614 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two light-harvesting antenna molecules were obtained by positioning naphthalene monoimide energy donors at the imide position, instead of the bay positions, of perylene imide energy acceptors. Such rational design resulted in a complete suppression of parasitic intramolecular charge transfer without compromising the desired ultrafast rates of excitation energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Dubey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Damla Inan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Abbey M Philip
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Wolter F Jager
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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Ilina K, MacCuaig WM, Laramie M, Jeouty JN, McNally LR, Henary M. Squaraine Dyes: Molecular Design for Different Applications and Remaining Challenges. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:194-213. [PMID: 31365819 PMCID: PMC7845514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Squaraine dyes are a class of organic dyes with strong and narrow absorption bands in the near-infrared. Despite high molar absorptivities and fluorescence quantum yields, these dyes have been less explored than other dye scaffolds due to their susceptibility to nucleophilic attack. Recent strategies in probe design including encapsulation, conjugation to biomolecules, and new synthetic modifications have seen squaraine dyes emerging into the forefront of biomedical imaging and other applications. Herein, we provide a concise overview of (1) the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical squaraine dyes, (2) the relationship between structure and photophysical properties of squaraine dyes, and (3) current applications of squaraine dyes in the literature. Given the recent successes at overcoming the limitations of squaraine dyes, they show high potential in biological imaging, in photodynamic and photothermal therapies, and as molecular sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ilina
- Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - William M. MacCuaig
- Department of Bioengineering, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, 173 Felgar Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Matthew Laramie
- Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jannatun N. Jeouty
- Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Department of Bioengineering, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, 173 Felgar Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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7
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Navarro-Pérez V, Gutiérrez-Vílchez AM, Ortiz J, Sastre-Santos Á, Fernández-Lázaro F, Seetharaman S, Duffy MJ, Karr PA, D’Souza F. A zinc phthalocyanine–benzoperylenetriimide conjugate for solvent dependent ultrafast energy vs. electron transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14946-14949. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07649b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast energy and electron transfer as a function of solvent polarity has been demonstrated using a femtosecond transient absorption technique in a zinc phthalocyanine–benzoperylenetriimide conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Navarro-Pérez
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Bioingeniería
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- Avda. de la Universidad s/n
- 03202 Elche
| | - Ana M. Gutiérrez-Vílchez
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Bioingeniería
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- Avda. de la Universidad s/n
- 03202 Elche
| | - Javier Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Bioingeniería
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- Avda. de la Universidad s/n
- 03202 Elche
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Bioingeniería
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- Avda. de la Universidad s/n
- 03202 Elche
| | - Fernando Fernández-Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Bioingeniería
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- Avda. de la Universidad s/n
- 03202 Elche
| | | | - M. J. Duffy
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics
- Wayne State College
- Wayne
- USA
| | - Paul A. Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics
- Wayne State College
- Wayne
- USA
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