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Pu L. Regioselective Substitution of BINOL. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6643-6689. [PMID: 38723152 PMCID: PMC11117191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) has been extensively used as the chirality source in the fields of molecular recognition, asymmetric synthesis, and materials science. The direct electrophilic substitution at the aromatic rings of the optically active BINOL has been developed as one of the most convenient strategies to structurally modify BINOL for diverse applications. High regioselectivity has been achieved for the reaction of BINOL with electrophiles. Depending upon the reaction conditions and substitution patterns, various functional groups can be introduced to the specific positions, such as the 6-, 5-, 4-, and 3-positions, of BINOL. Ortho-lithiation at the 3-position directed by the functional groups at the 2-position of BINOL have been extensively used to prepare the 3- and 3,3'-substituted BINOLs. The use of transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation has also been explored to functionalize BINOL at the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-positions. These regioselective substitutions of BINOL have allowed the construction of tremendous amount of BINOL derivatives with fascinating structures and properties as reviewed in this article. Examples for the applications of the optically active BINOLs with varying substitutions in asymmetric catalysis, molecular recognition, chiral sensing and materials are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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2
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Chen X, Zhu R, Zhang B, Zhang X, Cheng A, Liu H, Gao R, Zhang X, Chen B, Ye S, Jiang J, Zhang G. Rapid room-temperature phosphorescence chiral recognition of natural amino acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3314. [PMID: 38632229 PMCID: PMC11024135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiral recognition of amino acids is very important in both chemical and life sciences. Although chiral recognition with luminescence has many advantages such as being inexpensive, it is usually slow and lacks generality as the recognition module relies on structural complementarity. Here, we show that one single molecular-solid sensor, L-phenylalanine derived benzamide, can manifest the structural difference between the natural, left-handed amino acid and its right-handed counterpart via the difference of room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) irrespective of the specific chemical structure. To realize rapid and reliable sensing, the doped samples are obtained as nanocrystals from evaporation of the tetrahydrofuran solutions, which allows for efficient triplet-triplet energy transfer to the chiral analytes generated in situ from chiral amino acids. The results show that L-analytes induce strong RTP, whereas the unnatural D-analytes produce barely any afterglow. The method expands the scope of luminescence chiral sensing by lessening the requirement for specific molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Renlong Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Baicheng Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Aoyuan Cheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Hongping Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Ruiying Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xuepeng Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, Hefei, China.
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230094, China.
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Bai L, Li C, Wei D, Xu C. Enantioselective Fluorescence Recognition of Free α-Amino Acids by Ion-Type Ammonium Salt-Based Sensors. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03568-7. [PMID: 38157083 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Optically pure amino acids have extensive applications in pharmaceuticals, pesticides, food, materials, and other fields. Enantiomers recognition of chiral amino acids using optical methods with synthetic chiral sensors has attracted extensive attention. Most reported sensors typically identify guests by covalent or hydrogen bonding or hydrophobic interaction with amino acids and their derivatives. In this paper, a series of ion-type quaternary ammonium salt-based enantioselective fluorescent sensors were synthesized for chiral recognition of free α-amino acids via electrostatic interaction. The fluorescence intensity ratios ID/IL (ID, IL, fluorescence intensity of sensor when treated with D- or L-amino acid) were up to 2.1 and enantioselective fluorescence enhancement ratios ef (ef=[IL-I0]/[ID-I0] or [ID-I0]/[IL-I0]. (I0, fluorescence intensity of the sensor)) were up to 5.0. Among them, sensor 3 showed best enantioselective recognition performance toward tryptophan (Trp), and L-Trp significantly quenched the fluorescence of sensor 3, but D-Trp greatly enhanced the fluorescence of sensor 3, its ID/IL was 2.11 and ef was 1.8. The mechanistic investigation by NMR spectrum revealed that a tight three-point interaction, including electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond, and π-π stacking, between sensor 3 and D-Trp was formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Dandan Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Changming Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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4
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Yu H, Sun X. Chiral fluorescent sensor based on H 8-BINOL for the high enantioselective recognition of d- and l-phenylalanine. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11967-11973. [PMID: 35481074 PMCID: PMC9016822 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine an essential aromatic amino acid for humans and animals, cannot be synthesized by humans and animals on their own. However, it synthesizes important neurotransmitters and hormones in the body and is involved in gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. Moreover, the two opposite configurations of phenylalanine have different activities. For example, l-phenylalanine is a biologically active optical isomer involved in crucial biological processes, the lack of which will lead to intellectual disability, while d-phenylalanine only acts as a chiral intermediate. In this research, an H8-BINOL chiral fluorescent sensor modified with 1,2,3-triazole was synthesized in high yield (95%) by nucleophilic substitution and click reaction. The chiral fluorescent sensor showed high enantioselectivity toward phenylalanine. l-Phenylalanine enhanced the fluorescence response of the probe significantly, while d-phenylalanine had no obvious fluorescence response change. The enantioselective fluorescence enhancement ratio [ef = (IL − I0)/(ID − I0), where I0 is the fluorescence of the sensor without amino acids] for the highest fluorescence intensity at 20.0 equivalents of amino acids was 104.48. In this way, the probe could be used to identify and differentiate different configurations of phenylalanine. A triazole-modified H8-BINOL fluorescence sensor was synthesized with 95% yield, which can enantioselectively recognize l-phenylalanine without the participation of metal ions, even the enantioselective fluorescence enhancement ratio was up to 104.28.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Hu Yu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
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5
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Inoue W, Kazama K, Tsuboi M, Miyasaka M. Significant fluorescence enhancement of Zn2+ by Schiff base macrocycle. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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6
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Abstract
Although dynamic reactions of imines have been extensively studied, the dynamic behaviors manipulated by chirality remain nearly unexplored. In this work, enantioselective amine exchange reactions were demonstrated as a first example via the reaction of enantiomeric chiral amines such as natural amino acids with a series of innovative axially chiral 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine (BNDA)-based imines that were prepared from the condensation reactions between BNDA and salicylaldehyde (SA) or its derivatives. This enantioselective dynamic behavior can be directly indicated by the degree of the fluorescence response of the R-configuration of imines to the d-enantiomer of chiral amine, because the released BNDA can serve as the fluorescence signal output when the amine exchange reaction occurs, which is far higher than the response to its l-enantiomer under identical experimental conditions. For the S-configuration of chiral imines, the fluorescence response is the opposite. The enantioselective exchange reaction can be tuned by altering the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating capability of the substituent at position 4 or 5 of the SA part of chiral imines. Not only o-OH groups in SA-based imines but also protic solvents used as reaction media were found to be important to the dynamic behavior at high rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Ji
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Shen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Tokunaga H, Kazama K, Tsuboi M, Miyasaka M. A novel Schiff base macrocycle based on 1,1'-binaphthyl for fluorescence recognition. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1561-1568. [PMID: 34101337 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel chiral polyimine macrocycle C-1 was designed and synthesized by the self-condensation of the dialdehyde of the chiral dinaphtho[2,1-d:1',2'-f][1,3]dioxepine derivative and o-phenylenediamine by Schiff base formation, and the corresponding polyamine macrocycle C-1H was obtained by the reduction of the polyimine macrocycle. The UV-vis and fluorescence spectral studies indicated that both C-1 and C-1H form the complex with metal ions in a 1:2 ratio. The fluorescence behaviour of C-1 upon the addition of Zn2+ or Cd2+ showed a 'turn-on' response accompanied by fluorescence enhancement at 510 nm six times for Cd2+ and 13 times for Zn2+ . In contrast, C-1H revealed a 'turn-off' response upon the addition of Co2+ , Ni2+ , and Cu2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tokunaga
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahi-cho, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotoha Kazama
- Department of Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahi-cho, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Tsuboi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahi-cho, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyasaka
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahi-cho, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahi-cho, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahi-cho, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Yu F, Chen Y, Jiang H, Wang X. Recent advances of BINOL-based sensors for enantioselective fluorescence recognition. Analyst 2020; 145:6769-6812. [PMID: 32960189 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective fluorescent sensors show large potential for fast, real-time, and highly sensitive measurement of the concentration and enantiomeric composition of chiral molecules. Among all of the sensors, BINOL-based sensors have been actively investigated and extensively used to carry out highly enantioselective, sensitive recognition of chiral α-hydroxycarboxylic acids, amino acids, amino acid derivatives, amino alcohols and amines. In this manuscript, the recent progress of chiral BINOL-based sensors for enantioselective fluorescence recognition of different substrates is reviewed and discussed. The structure of BINOL is tuned by introducing various groups or molecules which systematically changed its fluorescence properties and offered potential for rapid assays of chiral organic molecules. From the development of this area, we gain fresh insight into the challenges and chances of BINOL-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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9
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Pu L. Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition of Free Amino Acids: Challenges and Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 USA
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10
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Pu L. Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition of Free Amino Acids: Challenges and Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21814-21828. [PMID: 32602243 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes that can discriminate enantiomers of amino acids in organic media or aqueous solution are discussed. This Minireview focuses on recent progress in the studies of three classes of probes including those made of cyclodextrins, 1,1'-binaphthyl compounds, and nanomaterials, and uses them to illustrate the design strategies, applications, and limitations in this area. These probes are potentially useful for rapid analysis of asymmetric reactions for amino acid synthesis as well as the real-time imaging of amino acids in biological systems. The challenges in these applications are analyzed. Working in this field of enantioselective fluorescent recognition of amino acids offers great opportunities to make new scientific discoveries and to develop important practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
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11
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Zhao F, Wang Y, Wu X, Yu S, Yu X, Pu L. Sulfonation of 3,3′‐Diformyl‐BINOL for Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition of Amino Acids in Water. Chemistry 2020; 26:7258-7262. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Rd Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Xuedan Wu
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Rd Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Rd Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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12
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Wei G, Jiang Y, Wang F. A achiral AIEE-active polymer-Cu(II) complex sensor for highly selective and enantioselective recognition of histidine. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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