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Guerriero A, Ienco A, Hicks T, Cilibrizzi A. Beyond transition block metals: exploring the reactivity of phosphine PTA and its oxide [PTA(O)] towards gallium(iii). RSC Adv 2024; 14:21139-21150. [PMID: 38966814 PMCID: PMC11223513 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The water-soluble cage-like phosphine PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) and its phosphine oxide derivative [PTA(O)] (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane-7-oxide) were used to explore their reactivity towards two gallium(iii)-halide precursors, namely GaCl3 and GaI3, for the first time. By using various reaction conditions, a series of N-mono-protonated phosphine salts with [GaCl4]- or [I]- as counterions were obtained in all cases, while the formation of coordinated Ga-PTA and Ga-[PTA(O)] complexes was not observed. All compounds were characterized in solution using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C{1H}, 31P{1H} and 71Ga) and in the solid state using FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray crystal diffraction. The new Ga-phosphine salts resulted stable and highly soluble in aqueous solution at room temperature. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also performed to further rationalize the coordination features of PTA with Ga3+ metal ion, highlighting that the phosphorus-gallium bond is about twice weaker than the phosphorus-metal bond commonly established by PTA with transition metals such as gold. Furthermore, the mono-protonation of PTA (or [PTA(O)]) makes the formation of ionic gallium-PTA coordination complexes thermodynamically unstable, as confirmed experimentally by the formation of Ga-phosphine salts reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Guerriero
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
| | - Andrea Ienco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
| | - Thomas Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London Franklin Wilkins Building London SE1 9NH UK
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2
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Chouhan KK, Chowdhury D, Mukherjee A. Cyclotrimetaphosphate-assisted ruthenium catalyst for the hydration of nitriles and oxidation of primary amines to amides under aerobic conditions in water. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2429-2439. [PMID: 36876451 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Amide bonds are ubiquitous and regarded as an essential constituent of many biologically active drug molecules and fine chemicals. We report a practical and operationally simple ruthenium-based catalytic system for the hydration of nitriles and aerobic oxidation of primary amines to the corresponding amides. Both reactions proceed without any external oxidant in water under aerobic conditions and exhibit a broad substrate scope. The mechanistic investigation was executed with the aid of control experiments and kinetic and spectroscopic studies of the reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Kumar Chouhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India.
| | - Deep Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India.
| | - Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India.
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3
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Yadav S, Gupta R. Hydration of Nitriles Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complexes: Role of Dihydrogen Bonding Interactions in Promoting Base-Free Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15463-15474. [PMID: 36137300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ru(II) complexes of amide-phosphine-based tridentate ligands additionally containing pyridine, isoquinoline, and quinoline rings have been synthesized, and their catalytic utility for the selective hydration of nitriles to amides is explored under the base-containing as well as base-free conditions. The chloride-ligated complexes 1-3 exhibited significant catalytic activity in the presence of a base, whereas hydride-ligated complexes 4-6 carried out the hydration of nitrile without the requirement of any base. The mechanistic studies revealed the involvement of [Ru-H] species as the active catalyst in the catalytic cycle. The [Ru-H] species assisted in the polarization of an incoming water molecule through [Ru-H···H-OH] dihydrogen bonding interaction and consequently aided in the attack of a positioned water molecule to a nitrile coordinated to a ruthenium center. Substrate binding studies and kinetic experiments further supported the mechanism. A wide variety of aromatic nitriles containing both electron-withdrawing and electron-releasing groups as well as other substrates including aliphatic nitriles, base-sensitive nitriles, and a few biologically relevant nitriles were employed for the selective hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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4
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Guerriero A, Peruzzini M, Gonsalvi L. Synthesis of New Ruthenium‐CAP Complexes and Use as Catalysts for Benzonitrile Hydration to Benzamide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Guerriero
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
| | - Maurizio Peruzzini
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
| | - Luca Gonsalvi
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
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5
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Udvardy A, Joó F, Kathó Á. Synthesis and catalytic applications of Ru(II)-phosphaurotropine complexes with the use of simple water-soluble Ru(II)-precursors. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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An efficient hydration of nitriles with ruthenium-supported heterogeneous catalyst in water under moderate conditions. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Babón JC, Esteruelas MA, López AM, Oñate E. Hydration of Aliphatic Nitriles Catalyzed by an Osmium Polyhydride: Evidence for an Alternative Mechanism. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7284-7296. [PMID: 33904305 PMCID: PMC8892838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The hexahydride OsH6(PiPr3)2 competently catalyzes the hydration
of aliphatic nitriles
to amides. The main metal species under the catalytic conditions are
the trihydride osmium(IV) amidate derivatives OsH3{κ2-N,O-[HNC(O)R]}(PiPr3)2, which have been isolated and fully characterized
for R = iPr and tBu. The rate of hydration is
proportional to the concentrations of the catalyst precursor, nitrile,
and water. When these experimental findings and density functional
theory calculations are combined, the mechanism of catalysis has been
established. Complexes OsH3{κ2-N,O-[HNC(O)R]}(PiPr3)2 dissociate the carbonyl group of the chelate to afford
κ1-N-amidate derivatives, which
coordinate the nitrile. The subsequent attack of an external water
molecule to both the C(sp) atom of the nitrile and the N atom of the
amidate affords the amide and regenerates the κ1-N-amidate catalysts. The attack is concerted and takes place
through a cyclic six-membered transition state, which involves Cnitrile···O–H···Namidate interactions. Before the attack, the free carbonyl
group of the κ1-N-amidate ligand
fixes the water molecule in the vicinity of the C(sp) atom of the
nitrile. The hexahydride complex OsH6(PiPr3)2 competently catalyzes the
hydration of aliphatic
nitriles to amides. Isolation of the main metal species under the
catalytic conditions, kinetics of hydration, and density functional
theory calculations support an alternative mechanism to those previously
reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Babón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Ana M López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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8
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Arene-ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) complexes as catalysts for nitrile hydration and aldoxime rearrangement reactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Activated Mont K10-Carbon supported Fe2O3: A versatile catalyst for hydration of nitriles to amides and reduction of nitro compounds to amines in aqueous media. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Vidal A, Battistin F, Milani B, Balducci G, Alessio E. Stereoisomeric Control in [RuCl
2
(PTA)
2
(2L)] Complexes (2L=2py or bpy): From Theoretical Calculations to a 2+2 Metallacycle of Pyridylporphyrins. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Vidal
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Federica Battistin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Current address: IMDEA Nanociencia Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Barbara Milani
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Gabriele Balducci
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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11
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Trivedi M, Dubey SK, Kaur G, Rath NP. Ru( ii)- and Ru( iv)-dmso complexes catalyze efficient and selective aqueous-phase nitrile hydration reactions under mild conditions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of new water-soluble Ru(ii)- and Ru(iv)-dmso complexes are reported which show good efficiency and selectivity for aqueous-phase nitrile hydration at 60 °C in air. Best performance is achieved using complex [RuCl2(dmso)3(NH3)]·PF6·Cl (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, NewDelhi-110021, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, India
| | - Gurmeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Centre for Nanoscience, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121-4499, USA
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12
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Arora V, Narjinari H, Nandi PG, Kumar A. Recent advances in pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3394-3428. [PMID: 33595564 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic catalysts have played a key role in accomplishing numerous synthetically valuable organic transformations that are either otherwise not possible or inefficient. The use of precious, sparse and toxic 4d and 5d metals are an apparent downside of several such catalytic systems despite their immense success over the last several decades. The use of complexes containing Earth-abundant, inexpensive and less hazardous 3d metals, such as nickel, as catalysts for organic transformations has been an emerging field in recent times. In particular, the versatile nature of the corresponding pincer-metal complexes, which offers great control of their reactivity via countless variations, has garnered great interest among organometallic chemists who are looking for greener and cheaper alternatives. In this context, the current review attempts to provide a glimpse of recent developments in the chemistry of pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions. Notably, there have been examples of pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions involving two electron changes via purely organometallic mechanisms that are strikingly similar to those observed with heavier Pd and Pt analogues. On the other hand, there have been distinct differences where the pincer-nickel complexes catalyze single-electron radical reactions. The applicability of pincer-nickel complexes in catalyzing cross-coupling reactions, oxidation reactions, (de)hydrogenation reactions, dehydrogenative coupling, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, C-H activation and carbon dioxide functionalization has been reviewed here from synthesis and mechanistic points of view. The flurry of global pincer-nickel related activities offer promising avenues in catalyzing synthetically valuable organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Himani Narjinari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Pran Gobinda Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India. and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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13
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Selective Hydration of Nitriles to Corresponding Amides in Air with Rh(I)-N-Heterocyclic Complex Catalysts. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic method for obtaining [RhCl(cod)(NHC)] complexes (1–4) (cod = η4-1,5-cyclooctadiene, NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene: IMes, SIMes, IPr, and SIPr, respectively) is reported together with the catalytic properties of 1–4 in nitrile hydration. In addition to the characterization of 1–4 in solution by 13C NMR spectroscopy, the structures of complexes 3, and 4 have been established also in the solid state with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The Rh(I)-NHC complexes displayed excellent catalytic activity in hydration of aromatic nitriles (up to TOF = 276 h−1) in water/2-propanol (1/1 v/v) mixtures in air.
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14
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Tavakoli G, Prechtl MHG. The reductive deaminative conversion of nitriles to alcohols using para-formaldehyde in aqueous solution. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01484e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein, for the first time, the application of para-formaldehyde (pFA) to the reductive deamination of both aliphatic and aromatic nitriles in aqueous solution under transfer hydrogenation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- 50939 Köln
- Germany
| | - Martin H. G. Prechtl
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- 50939 Köln
- Germany
- Department of Science and Environment
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