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Wang X, Qiao X, Chen H, Wang L, Liu X, Huang X. Synthetic-Cell-Based Multi-Compartmentalized Hierarchical Systems. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201712. [PMID: 37069779 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the extant lifeforms, the self-sustaining behaviors refer to various well-organized biochemical reactions in spatial confinement, which rely on compartmentalization to integrate and coordinate the molecularly crowded intracellular environment and complicated reaction networks in living/synthetic cells. Therefore, the biological phenomenon of compartmentalization has become an essential theme in the field of synthetic cell engineering. Recent progress in the state-of-the-art of synthetic cells has indicated that multi-compartmentalized synthetic cells should be developed to obtain more advanced structures and functions. Herein, two ways of developing multi-compartmentalized hierarchical systems, namely interior compartmentalization of synthetic cells (organelles) and integration of synthetic cell communities (synthetic tissues), are summarized. Examples are provided for different construction strategies employed in the above-mentioned engineering ways, including spontaneous compartmentalization in vesicles, host-guest nesting, phase separation mediated multiphase, adhesion-mediated assembly, programmed arrays, and 3D printing. Apart from exhibiting advanced structures and functions, synthetic cells are also applied as biomimetic materials. Finally, key challenges and future directions regarding the development of multi-compartmentalized hierarchical systems are summarized; these are expected to lay the foundation for the creation of a "living" synthetic cell as well as provide a larger platform for developing new biomimetic materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qiao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Haixu Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Wang L, Marciello M, Estévez‐Gay M, Soto Rodriguez PED, Luengo Morato Y, Iglesias‐Fernández J, Huang X, Osuna S, Filice M, Sánchez S. Enzyme Conformation Influences the Performance of Lipase‐powered Nanomotors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Lab Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Plaza Ramón y Cajal 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Miquel Estévez‐Gay
- Compbiolab Group Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Paul E. D. Soto Rodriguez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Yurena Luengo Morato
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Lab Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Plaza Ramón y Cajal 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Iglesias‐Fernández
- Compbiolab Group Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- Compbiolab Group Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marco Filice
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Lab Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Plaza Ramón y Cajal 28040 Madrid Spain
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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Wang L, Marciello M, Estévez‐Gay M, Soto Rodriguez PED, Luengo Morato Y, Iglesias‐Fernández J, Huang X, Osuna S, Filice M, Sánchez S. Enzyme Conformation Influences the Performance of Lipase‐powered Nanomotors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21080-21087. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Lab Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Plaza Ramón y Cajal 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Miquel Estévez‐Gay
- Compbiolab Group Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Paul E. D. Soto Rodriguez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Yurena Luengo Morato
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Lab Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Plaza Ramón y Cajal 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Iglesias‐Fernández
- Compbiolab Group Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- Compbiolab Group Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marco Filice
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Lab Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Plaza Ramón y Cajal 28040 Madrid Spain
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri i Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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Su J, Chen H, Xu Z, Wang S, Liu X, Wang L, Huang X. Near-Infrared-Induced Contractile Proteinosome Microreactor with a Fast Control on Enzymatic Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41079-41087. [PMID: 32816446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the compartmentalized structure of cells, self-regulating responsive hollow microcapsules are highly desirable for the modulation of enzymatic reactions. Here, we report a strategy to fabricate gold nanorod embedded proteinosomes by covalently grafting gold nanorods onto the surface of proteinosomes. The excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of the embedded gold nanorod and the thermal phase transition of the grafted PNIPAAm allow the constructed hybrid proteinosomes to show reversible contraction behaviors triggered by near-infrared light with the molecular weight cutoff of the membrane decreased to ca. 50 kDa, and importantly, the contraction frequency of the constructed proteinosomes could be as fast as 1 min and last for at least 15 cycles. Subsequently, the effective encapsulation of three cascade enzymes into the proteinosomes realizes the construction of a near-infrared responsive microreactor that allows control of the cascade reaction by near-infrared illumination, thereby enabling reversible on and off of the enzymatic reaction. Such microcapsule-based reactors demonstrate the potential to alter the membrane molecular weight cutoff, and it is believed that the development of such responsive microcapsules will have great potential for studying cellular responses and provide a platform for future applications in biosensing and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Su
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Haixu Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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Wang L, Song S, van Hest J, Abdelmohsen LKEA, Huang X, Sánchez S. Biomimicry of Cellular Motility and Communication Based on Synthetic Soft-Architectures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907680. [PMID: 32250035 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cells, sophisticated membrane-bound units that contain the fundamental molecules of life, provide a precious library for inspiration and motivation for both society and academia. Scientists from various disciplines have made great endeavors toward the understanding of the cellular evolution by engineering artificial counterparts (protocells) that mimic or initiate structural or functional cellular aspects. In this regard, several works have discussed possible building blocks, designs, functions, or dynamics that can be applied to achieve this goal. Although great progress has been made, fundamental-yet complex-behaviors such as cellular communication, responsiveness to environmental cues, and motility remain a challenge, yet to be resolved. Herein, recent efforts toward utilizing soft systems for cellular mimicry are summarized-following the main outline of cellular evolution, from basic compartmentalization, and biological reactions for energy production, to motility and communicative behaviors between artificial cell communities or between artificial and natural cell communities. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in the field are discussed, hoping to inspire more future research and to help the further advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150001, China
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Shidong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Hest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Loai K E A Abdelmohsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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Wang X, Liu X, Huang X. Bioinspired Protein-Based Assembling: Toward Advanced Life-Like Behaviors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001436. [PMID: 32374501 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of living organisms to perform structure, energy, and information-related processes for molecular self-assembly through compartmentalization and chemical transformation can possibly be mimicked via artificial cell models. Recent progress in the development of various types of functional microcompartmentalized ensembles that can imitate rudimentary aspects of living cells has refocused attention on the important question of how inanimate systems can transition into living matter. Hence, herein, the most recent advances in the construction of protein-bounded microcompartments (proteinosomes), which have been exploited as a versatile synthetic chassis for integrating a wide range of functional components and biochemical machineries, are critically summarized. The techniques developed for fabricating various types of proteinosomes are discussed, focusing on the significance of how chemical information, substance transportation, enzymatic-reaction-based metabolism, and self-organization can be integrated and recursively exploited in constructed ensembles. Therefore, proteinosomes capable of exhibiting gene-directed protein synthesis, modulated membrane permeability, spatially confined membrane-gated catalytic reaction, internalized cytoskeletal-like matrix assembly, on-demand compartmentalization, and predatory-like chemical communication in artificial cell communities are specially highlighted. These developments are expected to bridge the gap between materials science and life science, and offer a theoretical foundation for developing life-inspired assembled materials toward various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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Varshney R, Alam M, Agashe C, Joseph R, Patra D. Pillar[5]arene microcapsules turn on fluid flow in the presence of paraquat. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9284-9287. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04282j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of pillar[5]arene (P[5]A) stabilized MCs via the self-assembly and crosslinking of P[5]A nanoaggregates at the liquid–liquid interface. These P[5]A MCs microengines turn on fluid flow in the presence of paraquat (PQ) due to host–guest molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mujeeb Alam
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
- Mohali
- India
| | | | - Roymon Joseph
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calicut
- Calicut 673635
- India
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