1
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Mondal M, Ghosh S, Lai D, Hajra A. C-H Functionalization of Heteroarenes via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202401114. [PMID: 38975970 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
C-H Functionalization of heteroarenes stands as a potent instrument in organic synthesis, and with the incorporation of visible light, it emerged as a transformative game-changer. In this domain, electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, formed through the pairing of an electron-rich substrate with an electron-accepting molecule, has garnered substantial consideration in recent years due to the related avoidance of the requirement of photocatalyst as well as oxidant. EDA complexes can undergo photoactivation under mild conditions and exhibit high functional group tolerance, making them potentially suitable for the functionalization of biologically relevant heteroarenes. This review article provides an overview of recent advancements in the field of C-H functionalization of heteroarenes via EDA complex photoactivation with literature coverage up to April, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Dipti Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
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2
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Huang XL, Zhang DL, Li Q, Xie ZB, Le ZG, Zhu ZQ. Visible-Light-Induced C-H Cyanoalkylation of Azauracils with Cycloketone Oxime Esters via Catalytic EDA Complex. Org Lett 2024; 26:3727-3732. [PMID: 38678575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Photoexcitation electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes provide an effective approach to produce radicals under mild conditions, while the catalytic version of EDA complex photoactivation remains scarce. Herein, we report a visible-light-induced organophotocatalytic pathway for the cyanoalkylation of azauracils using inexpensive and readily available 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a catalytic electron donor. This synthetic method exhibits exceptional compatibility with various functional groups and presents 34 examples in high yields. The efficient cyanoalkylation offers an environmentally friendly and sustainable route toward enhancing the structural and functional diversity of azauracils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Dong-Liang Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Qing Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zong-Bo Xie
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhang-Gao Le
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
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3
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Yuan Y, Faure C, Berthelot M, Belmont P, Brachet E. Harnessing the Potential of Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes and N-Centered Radicals: Expanding the Frontiers of Isoquinoline Derivative Synthesis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3538-3545. [PMID: 38380653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Research on synthesizing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds is important because these structures are commonly found in Nature, such as in the alkaloids' family. In our study, we propose a new method to synthesize the isoquinoline core using an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex strategy. Our mechanistic investigations have confirmed that our synthesis process operates through an EDA mechanism, which is not extensively discussed in the literature, particularly regarding its applications on alkynyl substrates. This EDA strategy has proven to be a simple and straightforward way to produce isoquinoline scaffolds and their derivatives without the need for metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Yuan
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8038, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Clara Faure
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8038, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Mathieu Berthelot
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8038, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Philippe Belmont
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8038, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Etienne Brachet
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8038, Paris F-75006, France
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4
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Pratley C, Fenner S, Murphy JA. Ground State Generation and Cyclization of Aminium Radicals in the Formation of Tetrahydroquinolines. Org Lett 2024; 26:1287-1292. [PMID: 38306472 PMCID: PMC10877599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports the first examples of ground state radical-mediated intramolecular C-H amination to afford 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines from N-2,4-dinitrophenoxy derivatives of arylpropylamines. Whereas the photoactivation of N-2,4-dinitrophenoxyamines for intermolecular reactions has been established, ground state chemistry provides the desired cyclization products in moderate to excellent yields using Ru(bpy)3Cl2 (42-95% yields) under acidic conditions under an air atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pratley
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
- GSK Medicines
Research Centre, Gunnels
Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United
Kingdom
| | - Sabine Fenner
- GSK Medicines
Research Centre, Gunnels
Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United
Kingdom
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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5
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Roy VJ, Raha Roy S. Light-Induced Activation of C-X Bond via Carbonate-Assisted Anion-π Interactions: Applications to C-P and C-B Bond Formation. Org Lett 2023; 25:923-927. [PMID: 36752768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We have presented a carbonate anion assisted photochemical protocol for the C-X bond activation. Anion-π interactions have been leveraged to generate aryl radicals from easily accessible aryl halides that are further utilized in C-P and C-B bond formation reactions with excellent reactivity and broad functional group tolerance. Spectroscopic investigations and DFT studies were conducted for mechanistic insights. This inexpensive method alleviates the use of a photocatalyst and the need of preactivation of the substrate for the light-induced activation of C-X bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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6
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Wang Z, Chen J, Lin Z, Quan Y. Photoinduced Dehydrogenative Borylation via Dihydrogen Bond Bridged Electron Donor and Acceptor Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203053. [PMID: 36396602 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Air-stable amine- and phosphine-boranes are discovered as donors to integrate with pyridinium acceptor for generating photoactive electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes. Experimental results and DFT calculations suggest a dihydrogen bond bridging the donor and acceptor. Irradiating the EDA complex enables an intra-complex single electron transfer to give a boron-centered radical for dehydrogenative borylation with no need of external photosensitizer and radical initiator. The deprotonation of Wheland-like radical intermediate rather than its generation is believed to determine the good ortho-selectivity based on DFT calculations. A variety of α-borylated pyridine derivatives have been readily synthesized with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yangjian Quan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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7
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A general arene C-H functionalization strategy via electron donor-acceptor complex photoactivation. Nat Chem 2023; 15:43-52. [PMID: 36471045 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The photoactivation of electron donor-acceptor complexes has emerged as a sustainable, selective and versatile strategy for the generation of radical species. However, when it comes to aryl radical formation, this strategy remains hamstrung by the electronic properties of the aromatic radical precursors, and electron-deficient aryl halide acceptors are required. This has prevented the implementation of a general synthetic platform for aryl radical formation. Our study introduces triarylsulfonium salts as acceptors in photoactive electron donor-acceptor complexes, used in combination with catalytic amounts of newly designed amine donors. The sulfonium salt label renders inconsequential the electronic features of the aryl radical precursor and, more importantly, it is installed regioselectively in native aromatic compounds by C-H sulfenylation. Using this general, site-selective aromatic C-H functionalization approach, we developed metal-free protocols for the alkylation and cyanation of arenes, and showcased their application in both the synthesis and the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
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8
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Volkov AA, Bugaenko DI, Bogdanov AV, Karchava AV. Visible-Light-Driven Thioesterification of Aryl Halides with Potassium Thiocarboxylates: Transition-Metal Catalyst-Free Incorporation of Sulfur Functionalities into an Aromatic Ring. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8170-8182. [PMID: 35653579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of acceptor-substituted aryl iodides and bromides with potassium thiocarboxylates under white light irradiation allow for the preparation of S-aryl thioesters including synthetically versatile S-aryl thioacetates. This transition-metal and external photocatalyst-free method features extremely mild reaction conditions compared with those used in transition-metal-catalyzed protocols. Reactions proceed via the initial formation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex in the ground state, which was supported by UV-vis spectra. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping experiments using phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) have revealed the radical nature of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Volkov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Bugaenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey V Bogdanov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
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9
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Lan W, Liu F, Hu J, Zhu J, Hu S, Wan JP, Liao L. Copper-Catalyzed Regiospecific Amination of Heteroarenes with Quinoneimides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5592-5602. [PMID: 35420810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an unprecedented and widely applicable strategy for the regioselective C-3 amination of indoles and C-2 amination of heteroarenes (pyrrole and benzofuran) is presented in a simple, high-efficiency way. This protocol is also one of the few methods for the efficient construction of C-N bonds of quinoneimides by the 1,6-addition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiao Lan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jiatong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Shan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
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10
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Wang ZJ, Zheng Y, Tang K, Guan JP, Ye ZP, He JT, Xiao JA, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Photoinduced Construction of a Benzothienopyridine- S,S-dioxide Framework Enabled by Polychloropyridyl Multifunctional Motifs. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4732-4741. [PMID: 35317557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a visible-light-induced, catalyst-free intramolecular cyclization of 4-phenylsulfonyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloropyridine, leading to rapid assembly of a series of unprecedented benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-c]pyridine 5,5-dioxide scaffolds under mild conditions. The rational introduction of a perchloropyridin-4-yl module significantly facilitated this photoinduced process and offers a versatile platform for broad structural variation. Mechanistic studies revealed that a newly identified charge-transfer complex with carbonate is crucial to this photoinduced process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Tao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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11
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Pratley C, Fenner S, Murphy JA. Nitrogen-Centered Radicals in Functionalization of sp 2 Systems: Generation, Reactivity, and Applications in Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8181-8260. [PMID: 35285636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) has plentiful applications in organic synthesis, and they continue to expand as our understanding of these reactive species increases. The utility of these reactive intermediates is demonstrated in the recent advances in C-H amination and the (di)amination of alkenes. Synthesis of previously challenging structures can be achieved by efficient functionalization of sp2 moieties without prefunctionalization, allowing for faster and more streamlined synthesis. This Review addresses the generation, reactivity, and application of NCRs, including, but not limited to, iminyl, aminyl, amidyl, and aminium species. Contributions from early discovery up to the most recent examples have been highlighted, covering radical initiation, thermolysis, photolysis, and, more recently, photoredox catalysis. Radical-mediated intermolecular amination of (hetero)arenes can occur with a variety of complex amine precursors, generating aniline derivatives, an important class of structures for drug discovery and development. Functionalization of olefins is achievable in high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and allows access to difunctionalized structures when the intermediate carbon radicals are trapped. Additionally, the reactivity of NCRs can be harnessed for the rapid construction of N-heterocycles such as pyrrolidines, phenanthridines, quinoxalines, and quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pratley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom.,GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Fenner
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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12
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Zhou Q, Sun CG, Liu X, Li X, Shao Z, Tan K, Shen Y. Electron donor–acceptor complex-catalyzed photoredox reactions mediated by DIPEA and inorganic carbonates. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00868h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A DIPEA–NHPI ester–inorganic carbonate catalytic EDA complex is reported as an efficient and sustainable radical generation platform for developing photocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Zhou
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chenggang Guo Sun
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ziyan Shao
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuehai Shen
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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13
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Kweon B, Kim C, Kim S, Hong S. Remote C−H Pyridylation of Hydroxamates through Direct Photoexcitation of
O
‐Aryl Oxime Pyridinium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongseok Kweon
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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14
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Kweon B, Kim C, Kim S, Hong S. Remote C-H Pyridylation of Hydroxamates through Direct Photoexcitation of O-Aryl Oxime Pyridinium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26813-26821. [PMID: 34636478 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an efficient strategy for the remote C-H pyridylation of hydroxamates with excellent ortho-selectivity by designing a new class of photon-absorbing O-aryl oxime pyridinium salts generated in situ from the corresponding pyridines and hydroxamates. When irradiated by visible light, the photoexcitation of oxime pyridinium intermediates generates iminyl radicals via the photolytic N-O bond cleavage, which does not require an external photocatalyst. The efficiency of light absorption and N-O bond cleavage of the oxime pyridinium salts can be modulated through the electronic effect of substitution on the O-aryl ring. The resultant iminyl radicals enable the installation of pyridyl rings at the γ-CN position, which yields synthetically valuable C2-substituted pyridyl derivatives. This novel synthetic approach provides significant advantages in terms of both efficiency and simplicity and exhibits broad functional group tolerance in complex settings under mild and metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongseok Kweon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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15
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Baker KM, Tallon A, Loach RP, Bercher OP, Perry MA, Watson MP. α-Chiral Amines via Thermally Promoted Deaminative Addition of Alkylpyridinium Salts to Sulfinimines. Org Lett 2021; 23:7735-7739. [PMID: 34570516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A deaminative reaction of Katritzky alkylpyridinium salts and sulfinimines has been developed to deliver enantiopure α-chiral amines. The success of this method relied on the discovery of a thermally promoted deamination via single-electron transfer of an anion-π complex of the alkylpyridinium cation with potassium carbonate. This method boasts excellent diastereoselectivity over the α-stereocenter as well as broad functional group and heterocycle tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Baker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Amanda Tallon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Richard P Loach
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Olivia P Bercher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Matthew A Perry
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary P Watson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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16
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Zheng D, Jana K, Alasmary FA, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Transition-Metal-Free Intramolecular Radical Aminoboration of Unactivated Alkenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:7688-7692. [PMID: 34542297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient transition-metal-free cyclizing radical aminoboration of unactivated alkenes is reported. The B2(OH)4 reagent was used as the boron source, and the interaction between B2(OH)4 and an aryloxyamide N-radical precursor enabled the chain reaction to be initiated upon irradiation in the absence of any catalyst. This transformation proceeds via cyclization of an N-radical with subsequent intermolecular C-radical borylation. The cascade shows a broad scope and provides a wide range of high-value cyclic 1,2-aminoboronic esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zheng
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Kalipada Jana
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fatmah Ali Alasmary
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Mastandrea MM, Pericàs MA. Photoredox Dual Catalysis: A Fertile Playground for the Discovery of New Reactivities. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Mastandrea
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Instutite of Science and Technology (BIST) Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Instutite of Science and Technology (BIST) Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Universitat de Barcelona c/Martí i Franqués 1–11 08028 Barcelona Spain
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18
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Yang Z, Liu Y, Cao K, Zhang X, Jiang H, Li J. Synthetic reactions driven by electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:771-799. [PMID: 33889219 PMCID: PMC8042489 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible, weak ground-state aggregate formed by dipole-dipole interactions between an electron donor and an electron acceptor is referred to as an electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex. Generally, upon light irradiation, the EDA complex turns into the excited state, causing an electron transfer to give radicals and to initiate subsequent reactions. Besides light as an external energy source, reactions involving the participation of EDA complexes are mild, obviating transition metal catalysts or photosensitizers in the majority of cases and are in line with the theme of green chemistry. This review discusses the synthetic reactions concerned with EDA complexes as well as the mechanisms that have been shown over the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglie Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Kun Cao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Irradiation Preservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Radiation Chemistry Department, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Hezhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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19
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Ren SC, Lv WX, Yang X, Yan JL, Xu J, Wang FX, Hao L, Chai H, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene-Catalyzed Alkylation of Carboxylic Esters via Direct Photoexcitation of Acyl Azolium Intermediates. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Ren
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wen-Xin Lv
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xing Yang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia-Lei Yan
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Huifang Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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20
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Li Z, Wang S, Huo Y, Wang B, Yan J, Guo Q. Visible light-driven fluoroalkylthiocyanation of alkenes via electron donor–acceptor complexes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The visible light-induced fluoroalkylthiocyanation of alkenes via electron donor–acceptor complexes of perfluoroalkyl iodide reagents and K3PO4 was disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebiao Li
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Lanzhou University; Research Unit of Peptide Science
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Shan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Lanzhou University; Research Unit of Peptide Science
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Yumei Huo
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Lanzhou University; Research Unit of Peptide Science
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Bing Wang
- Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co
- Ltd
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Jun Yan
- Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co
- Ltd
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Quanping Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Lanzhou University; Research Unit of Peptide Science
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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21
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Li LH, Wei Y, Shi M. N-Hydroxyphthalimide imidate esters as amidyl radical precursors in the visible light photocatalyzed C–H amidation of heteroarenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) imidate esters were used as amidyl radical precursors in the visible light photocatalyzed C–H amidation of heteroarenes, affording the desired amidation products in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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22
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Ran M, He J, Yan B, Liu W, Li Y, Fu Y, Li CJ, Yao Q. Catalyst-free generation of acyl radicals induced by visible light in water to construct C–N bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1970-1975. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02364g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new route to produce acyl radicals by the cleavage of Csp2–Csp2 bonds of α-diketones irradiated by visible light was developed and hydroxylamides or amides were selectively synthesized in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maogang Ran
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Department of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
| | - Jiaxin He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Department of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
| | - Boyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Department of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Department of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
| | - Yunfen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Department of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Qiuli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Department of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
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23
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Li T, Liang K, Tang J, Ding Y, Tong X, Xia C. A photoexcited halogen-bonded EDA complex of the thiophenolate anion with iodobenzene for C(sp 3)–H activation and thiolation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15655-15661. [PMID: 35003596 PMCID: PMC8654056 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03667j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A direct photochemical thiolation of C(sp3)–H bond-containing substrates with thiophenol was developed. A halogen bonding-type EDA complex was found to trigger the downstream single electron transfer and hydrogen atom transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Kangjiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jiaying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yuzhen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xiaogang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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24
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Liu L, Ward RM, Schomaker JM. Regioselective Intramolecular Allene Amidation Enabled by an EDA Complex*. Chemistry 2020; 26:13783-13787. [PMID: 32449968 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The addition of radicals to unsaturated precursors is a powerful tool for the synthesis of both carbo- and heterocyclic organic building blocks. The recent advent of mild ways to generate N-centered radicals has reignited interest in exploiting highly regio-, chemo-, and stereoselective transformations that employ these reactive intermediates. While the additions of aminyl, iminyl, and amidyl radicals to alkenes and alkynes have been well-studied, analogous additions to allenes are scarce. Allenes offer several attractive features, including potential for selective amidation at three distinct sites via judicious choice of precursor or radical source, the opportunity for axial-to-point chirality transfer, and productive trapping of vinyl or allyl radical intermediates to diversify functionality in the products. In this article, we report a regioselective addition of amidyl radicals to allenes to furnish an array of valuable N-heterocycle scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Robert M Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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25
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Chen Z, Lin B, Chen L, Zou Y, Yan M, Zhang X. Perfluorobutyl Iodide Mediated [1,2] and [2,3] Stevens Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Indolin‐3‐Ones. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen‐Yu Chen
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Bi‐Zhen Lin
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zou
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yan
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Jing Zhang
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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26
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Paraja M, Hao X, Matile S. Polyether Natural Product Inspired Cascade Cyclizations: Autocatalysis on π-Acidic Aromatic Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15093-15097. [PMID: 32181559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anion-π catalysis functions by stabilizing anionic transition states on aromatic π surfaces, thus providing a new approach to molecular transformation. The delocalized nature of anion-π interactions suggests that they serve best in stabilizing long-distance charge displacements. Aiming therefore for an anionic cascade reaction that is as charismatic as the steroid cyclization is for conventional cation-π biocatalysis, reported here is the anion-π-catalyzed epoxide-opening ether cyclizations of oligomers. Only on π-acidic aromatic surfaces having a positive quadrupole moment, such as hexafluorobenzene to naphthalenediimides, do these polyether cascade cyclizations proceed with exceptionally high autocatalysis (rate enhancements kauto /kcat >104 m-1 ). This distinctive characteristic adds complexity to reaction mechanisms (Goldilocks-type substrate concentration dependence, entropy-centered substrate destabilization) and opens intriguing perspectives for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Paraja
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Hao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Paraja M, Hao X, Matile S. Polyether Natural Product Inspired Cascade Cyclizations: Autocatalysis on π‐Acidic Aromatic Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Paraja
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Hao
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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28
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Rather IA, Wagay SA, Ali R. Emergence of anion-π interactions: The land of opportunity in supramolecular chemistry and beyond. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Pham AT, Matile S. Peptide Stapling with Anion-π Catalysts. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1562-1566. [PMID: 32311232 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of naphthalenediimides (NDIs) that are bridged with short peptides. Reminiscent of peptide stapling technologies, the macrocycles are conveniently accessible by a chromogenic nucleophilic aromatic substitution of two bromides in the NDI core with two thiols from cysteine sidechains. The dimension of core-bridged NDIs matches that of one turn of an α helix. NDI-stapled peptides exist as two, often separable atropisomers. Introduction of tertiary amine bases in amino-acid sidechains above the π-acidic NDI surface affords operational anion-π catalysts. According to an enolate chemistry benchmark reaction, anion-π catalysis next to peptides occurs with record chemoselectivity but weak enantioselectivity. Catalytic activity drops with increasing distance of the amine base to the NDI surface, looser homocysteine bridges, mismatched, shortened and elongated α-helix turns, and acyclic peptide controls. Elongation of isolated turns into short α helices significantly increases activity. This increase is consistent with remote control of anion-π catalysis from the α-helix macrodipole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Tuan Pham
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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30
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Crisenza GM, Mazzarella D, Melchiorre P. Synthetic Methods Driven by the Photoactivity of Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5461-5476. [PMID: 32134647 PMCID: PMC7099579 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The association of an electron-rich substrate with an electron-accepting molecule can generate a new molecular aggregate in the ground state, called an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex. Even when the two precursors do not absorb visible light, the resulting EDA complex often does. In 1952, Mulliken proposed a quantum-mechanical theory to rationalize the formation of such colored EDA complexes. However, and besides a few pioneering studies in the 20th century, it is only in the past few years that the EDA complex photochemistry has been recognized as a powerful strategy for expanding the potential of visible-light-driven radical synthetic chemistry. Here, we explain why this photochemical synthetic approach was overlooked for so long. We critically discuss the historical context, scientific reasons, serendipitous observations, and landmark discoveries that were essential for progress in the field. We also outline future directions and identify the key advances that are needed to fully exploit the potential of the EDA complex photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo
E. M. Crisenza
- ICIQ
− Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniele Mazzarella
- ICIQ
− Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ
− Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Abstract
In this review, we provide a consistent description of noncovalent interactions, covering most groups of the Periodic Table. Different types of bonds are discussed using their trivial names. Moreover, the new name “Spodium bonds” is proposed for group 12 since noncovalent interactions involving this group of elements as electron acceptors have not yet been named. Excluding hydrogen bonds, the following noncovalent interactions will be discussed: alkali, alkaline earth, regium, spodium, triel, tetrel, pnictogen, chalcogen, halogen, and aerogen, which almost covers the Periodic Table entirely. Other interactions, such as orthogonal interactions and π-π stacking, will also be considered. Research and applications of σ-hole and π-hole interactions involving the p-block element is growing exponentially. The important applications include supramolecular chemistry, crystal engineering, catalysis, enzymatic chemistry molecular machines, membrane ion transport, etc. Despite the fact that this review is not intended to be comprehensive, a number of representative works for each type of interaction is provided. The possibility of modeling the dissociation energies of the complexes using different models (HSAB, ECW, Alkorta-Legon) was analyzed. Finally, the extension of Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules to noncovalent is proposed.
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32
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Paraja M, Matile S. Primary Anion–π Catalysis of Epoxide‐Opening Ether Cyclization into Rings of Different Sizes: Access to New Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6273-6277. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Paraja
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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33
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Primary Anion–π Catalysis of Epoxide‐Opening Ether Cyclization into Rings of Different Sizes: Access to New Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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