1
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Li R, Ying A, Tan Y, Ai Y, Gong S. Efficient Blue Photo- and Electroluminescence from CF 3-Decorated Cu(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400817. [PMID: 38654445 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Luminescent organometallic complexes of earth-abundant copper(I) have long been studied in organic light-emitting diodes (OLED). Particularly, Cu(I)-based carbene-metal-amide (CMA) complexes have recently emerged as promising organometallic emitters. However, blue-emitting Cu(I) CMA complexes have been rarely reported. Here we constructed two blue-emitting Cu(I) CMA emitters, MAC*-Cu-CF3Cz and MAC*-Cu-2CF3Cz, by introducing one or two CF3 substitutes into carbazole ligands. Both complexes exhibited high thermal stability and blue emission colors. Moreover, two complexes exhibited different emission origins rooting from different donor ligands: a distinct thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from ligand-to-ligand charge transfer excited states for MAC*-Cu-CF3Cz or a dominant phosphorescence nature from local triplet excited state of the carbazole ligand for MAC*-Cu-2CF3Cz. Inspiringly, MAC*-Cu-CF3Cz had high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 94 % and short emission lifetimes of down to 1.2 μs in doped films, accompanied by relatively high radiative rates in the 105 s-1 order. The resultant vacuum-deposited OLEDs based on MAC*-Cu-CF3Cz delivered pure-blue electroluminescence at 462 nm together with a high external quantum efficiency of 13.0 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ao Ying
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yao Tan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuhan Ai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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2
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Yan J, Wu C, Tong KN, Zhou F, Chen Y, Pan Y, Xie G, Chi Y, Lau KC, Wei G. Structural Engineering of Iridium(III) Phosphors with Imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ylidene Cyclometalates for Efficient Blue Electroluminescence. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301555. [PMID: 38185747 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Iridium(III) complexes are particularly noted for their excellent potentials in fabrication of blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but the severe efficiency roll-off largely hampered their practical applications. To reveal the underlying characteristics, three Ir(III) complexes, namely f-ct5c, f-ct5d, and f-ct11, bearing imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ylidene cyclometalates are prepared and characterized in detail. Both f-ct5c and f-ct5d (also their mixture f-ct5mix) gave intensive blue emissions peaking at ≈465 nm with short radiative lifetimes of 1.76 and 2.45 µs respectively, in degassed toluene. Alternatively, f-ct11 with two 4-tert-butylphenyl substituents on each imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ylidene entity, possessed a bluish-green emission (508 nm) together with an extended radiative lifetime of 34.3 µs in the dispersed PMMA matrix. Consequently, the resulting solution-processed OLED with f-ct11 delivered a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 6.5% with serious efficiency roll-offs. In contrast, f-ct5mix based device achieved a high EQEmax of 27.2% and the EQE maintained at 23.0% of 1000 cd m-2 . Furthermore, the hyper-OLEDs with f-ct5mix as the sensitizer and v-DABNA as the terminal emitter afford narrowed emission with a considerably high EQEmax exceeding 32%, affirming the potential of f-ct5mix to serve as both the emitter and sensitizer in OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kai-Ning Tong
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Guohua Xie
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Kai-Chung Lau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Guodan Wei
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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López-López JC, Nguyen YH, Jiang C, Teets TS. Luminescent Platinum Complexes with π-Extended Aryl Acetylide Ligands Supported by Isocyanides or Acyclic Diaminocarbenes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17843-17850. [PMID: 37845787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a series of luminescent platinum acetylide complexes with acetylides that are electronically modified and/or π-extended. Six isocyanide-supported complexes with the general formula cis-[Pt(CNAr)2(C≡CR)2] and six acyclic diaminocarbene (ADC) complexes of the form trans-[Pt(ADC)2(C≡CR)2], all using the same five acetylide ligands, are described. The compounds are characterized by multinuclear NMR, FT-IR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In most cases, the phosphorescence arises from an acetylide-centered 3(π → π*) excited state, although in one of the isocyanide compounds there is evidence for a charge-transfer excited state. The photoluminescence wavelength depends strongly on the substitution pattern and extent of the π conjugation on the acetylide, with maxima spanning the range of ca. 460-540 nm. Most photoluminescence lifetimes are long, beyond 50 μs, and quantum yields are low to moderate, 0.043-0.27. The photoluminescence quantum yields and lifetimes in these compounds do not systematically improve in the ADC complexes compared to the isocyanide versions, suggesting the neutral ligand σ-donor character does not play a large role in the excited-state dynamics when the triplet excited state is delocalized over a large π system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos López-López
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, Lamar Fleming Jr. Building, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Edificio 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Yennie H Nguyen
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, Lamar Fleming Jr. Building, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Chenggang Jiang
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, Lamar Fleming Jr. Building, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Thomas S Teets
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, Lamar Fleming Jr. Building, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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4
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Strassner NM, Stipurin S, Koželj P, Grin Y, Strassner T. Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of a High-Spin Mn III Complex: [Mn(mesacac) 3 ] (mesacac=1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-propane-1,3-dionato). Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200652. [PMID: 36515278 PMCID: PMC10107892 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal acetylacetonates of the general formula [M(acac)3 ] (MIII =Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) are among the best investigated coordination compounds. Many of these first-row transition metal complexes are known to have unique electronic properties. Independently, photophysical research with different β-diketonate ligands pointed towards the possibility of a special effect of the 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl substituted acetylacetonate (mesacac) on the electron distribution between ligand and metal (MLCT). We therefore synthesized and fully characterized the previously unknown octahedral title complex. Its solid-state structure shows a Jahn-Teller elongation with two Mn-O bonds of 2.12/2.15 Å and four Mn-O bonds of 1.93 Å. Thermogravimetric data show a thermal stability up to 270 °C. High-resolution mass spectroscopy helped to identify the decomposition pathways. The electronic state and spin configuration of manganese were characterized with a focus on its magnetic properties by measurement of the magnetic susceptibility and triple-zeta density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The high-spin state of manganese was confirmed by the determination of an effective magnetic moment of 4.85 μB for the manganese center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Strassner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sergej Stipurin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Physical Organic Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Primož Koželj
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Physical Organic Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Amouri H. Luminescent Complexes of Platinum, Iridium, and Coinage Metals Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Design, Structural Diversity, and Photophysical Properties. Chem Rev 2023; 123:230-270. [PMID: 36315851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The employment of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to design luminescent metal compounds has been the focus of recent intense investigations because of the strong σ-donor properties, which bring stability to the whole system and tend to push the d-d dark states so high in energy that they are rendered thermally inaccessible, thereby generating highly emissive complexes for useful applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), or featuring chiroptical properties, a field that is still in its infancy. Among the NHC complexes, those containing organic chromophores such as naphthalimide, pyrene, and carbazole exhibit rich emission behavior and thus have attracted extensive interest in the past five years, especially carbene coinage metal complexes with carbazolate ligands. In this review, the design strategies of NHC-based luminescent platinum and iridium complexes with large spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) are described first. Subsequent paragraphs illustrate the recent advances of luminescent coinage metal complexes with nucleophilic- and electrophilic-based carbenes based on silver, gold, and copper metal complexes that have the ability to display rich excited state emissions in particular via thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The luminescence mechanism and excited state dynamics are also described. We then summarize the advance of NHC-metal complexes in the aforementioned fields in recent years. Finally, we propose the development trend of this fast-growing field of luminescent NHC-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Amouri
- CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), Sorbonne Université-Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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6
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Böhme MD, Eder T, Röthel MB, Dutschke PD, Wilm LFB, Hahn FE, Dielmann F. Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Complexes by Chloronium Ion Abstraction from 2-Chloroazolium Salts Using Electron-Rich Phosphines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202190. [PMID: 35230738 PMCID: PMC9401039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are commonly prepared by deprotonation of azolium salts using strong anionic bases. This reaction is often unselective, yielding alkali metal NHC complexes or dimerized NHCs. Alternatively, free NHCs are obtained by the dechlorination of 2‐chloroazolium salts using electron‐rich phosphines. PPh3, PCy3, and PtBu3 are unsuitable for Cl+ abstraction, while the sterically encumbered tris(1,3‐tert‐butylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidenamino)phosphine 1 selectively removes Cl+ from 2‐chloroazolium salts. Since bulky 1 does not bind to metal complexes, it was used for the preparation of NHC complexes via in situ Cl+ abstraction from 2‐chloroazolium salts. The dechlorination was employed for the site‐selective monometallation with IrI, IrIII, RhI, RhIII, and RuII of a bis‐NHC precursor composed of a 2‐chlorobenzimidazolium and a 2‐chlorobenzimidazole group, followed by the preparation of the heterobimetallic IrIII/PdII complex [18](BF4)2 by a dechlorination/oxidative addition reaction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Eder
- Institute of General and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maike B Röthel
- Institute of General and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick D Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas F B Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institute of General and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Yan J, Xue Q, Yang H, Yiu SM, Zhang YX, Xie G, Chi Y. Regioselective Syntheses of Imidazo[4,5- b]pyrazin-2-ylidene-Based Chelates and Blue Emissive Iridium(III) Phosphors for Solution-Processed OLEDs. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8797-8805. [PMID: 35652376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Six homoleptic Ir(III) complexes bearing imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ylidene chelates were successfully designed and synthesized. Narrowband blue emission (λmax = 466-485 nm) and broadened green emission (λmax = 518-532 nm) in degassed toluene solution with high photoluminescent quantum yields in the range of 75-81 and 45-48% were observed for f-timpz, t2impz, and t2empz as well as m-timpz, t2impz, and t2empz, respectively. In addition, the tert-butylphenyl cyclometalate is more electron donating than N-phenyl cyclometalate and, hence, all tert-butylphenyl-substituted derivatives, that is, m- and f-t2impz and m- and f-t2empz, give more red-shifted emission in comparison to that of m- and f-timpz. Moreover, solution-processed OLED with f-t2empz (20 wt %) as the dopant gave electrophosphorescence at 474 nm with maximum external quantum efficiency (max. EQE) of 5.1%, while hyper-OLED with assistant sensitizer f-t2empz (10 wt %) and the multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter BCzBN (0.5 wt %) afforded narrowband emission centered at 485 nm and max. EQE up to 17.4%, confirming the high potential of this class of Ir(III) metal phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qin Xue
- Department of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye-Xin Zhang
- Suzhou Joysun Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215126, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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8
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Zhang H, Liu C, Zhang J, Du CX, Zhang B. Highly Emissive Platinum(II) Complexes Bearing Bulky Phenyltriazolate Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysics. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chen-xia Du
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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9
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Böhme MD, Eder T, Röthel MB, Dutschke PD, Wilm LFB, Hahn FE, Dielmann F. Synthese
N
‐heterocyclischer Carbene und ihrer Komplexe durch Chloroniumionabstraktion von 2‐Chlorazoliumsalzen mit elektronenreichen Phosphanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D. Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Tobias Eder
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Maike B. Röthel
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Patrick D. Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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10
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Stipurin S, Wurl F, Strassner T. C∧C* Platinum(II) Complexes with PtXPX Metallacycle Forming (X = N and S) Auxiliary Ligands: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Wurl
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Malmberg R, Venkatesan K. Recent Advances in the Development of Blue and Deep‐Blue Emitting Gold(I) and Gold(III) Molecular Systems. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Malmberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, MQ Photonics Research Centre and MQ Sustainable Energy Research Centre Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Department of Molecular Sciences, MQ Photonics Research Centre and MQ Sustainable Energy Research Centre Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
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12
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Zhang H, Liu C, Yin G, Du C, Zhang B. Efficiently luminescent heteroleptic neutral platinum(II) complexes based on N^O and N^P benzimidazole ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17319-17327. [PMID: 34787606 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of new luminescent cycloplatinated(II) complexes (5a-8a and 5b-8b) with formulas Pt(bt)(N^O) and Pt(bt)(N^P) have been synthesized [bt = phenylbenzothiazole, N^O = (2-(1H-benzimidazole)-phenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide derivatives for 1a-4a and N^P = (2-(1H-benzimidazole)-phenyl)diphenylphosphine derivatives for 1b-4b]. The crystal structures of the complexes show distorted square planar geometries around the platinum centers. There are no obvious π-π and Pt-Pt intermolecular interactions in the crystal lattice due to the presence of sterically bulky ancillary ligands. Consequently, these complexes exhibit structured monomeric emissions in the range of 527-540 nm in CH2Cl2 solution. The photoluminescent quantum yields of Pt(bt)(N^O) (5a-8a) in CH2Cl2 solution at room temperature are higher than those of Pt(bt)(N^P) (5b-8b). The above result is well consistent with the crystal structural characteristics of the complexes. The structured emission with microsecond radiative lifetimes and the result of TD-DFT calculations indicate that the emissions of these complexes are mainly attributed to a mixed 3LC-MLCT state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Guojie Yin
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Chenxia Du
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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13
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Yang JG, Song XF, Wang J, Li K, Chang X, Tan LY, Liu CX, Yu FH, Cui G, Cheng G, To WP, Yang C, Che CM, Chen Y. Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Pyrazine-Fused Carbene Au(I) Emitters. Chemistry 2021; 27:17834-17842. [PMID: 34705307 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is conceived to inherit the advantages of both phosphorescent metal complexes and purely organic TADF compounds for high-performance electroluminescence. Herein a panel of new TADF Au(I) emitters has been designed and synthesized by using carbazole and pyrazine-fused nitrogen-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as the donor and acceptor ligands, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray structures show linear molecular shape and coplanar arrangement of the donor and acceptor with small dihedral angles of <6.5°. The coplanar orientation and appropriate separation of the HOMO and LUMO in this type of molecules favour the formation of charge-transfer excited state with appreciable oscillator strength. Together with a minor but essential heavy atom effect of Au ion, the complexes in doped films exhibit highly efficient (Φ∼0.9) and short-lived (<1 μs) green emissions via TADF. Computational studies on this class of emitters have been performed to decipher the key reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) pathway. In addition to a small energy splitting between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST ), the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect is found to be larger at a specific torsion angle between the donor and acceptor planes which favours the RISC process the most. This work provides an alternative molecular design to TADF Au(I) carbene emitters for OLED application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Gong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials &, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Fang Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials &, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials &, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Hu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials &, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials &, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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14
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Pinter P, Soellner J, Strassner T. Metallophilic Interactions in Bimetallic Cyclometalated Platinum(II) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piermaria Pinter
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Johannes Soellner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
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15
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Stipurin S, Strassner T. C^C* Platinum(II) Complexes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups and Beneficial Auxiliary Ligands: Efficient Blue Phosphorescent Emission. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11200-11205. [PMID: 34242510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of strong electron-withdrawing groups in cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (C^C*) with known beneficial auxiliary ligands in phosphorescent platinum(II) complexes leads to efficient light-to-deep-blue emission with quantum yields of up to 92%. All compounds were characterized and investigated regarding their photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal properties, and three complexes could additionally be characterized by solid-state structures. Density functional theory calculations (PBE0/6-311G* with dispersion correction) are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Wu Y, Yang C, Liu J, Zhang M, Liu W, Li W, Wu C, Cheng G, Yang Q, Wei G, Che CM. Phosphorescent [3 + 2 + 1] coordinated Ir(iii) cyano complexes for achieving efficient phosphors and their application in OLED devices. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10165-10178. [PMID: 34377406 PMCID: PMC8336439 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01426a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of neutral [3 + 2 + 1] coordinated iridium complexes bearing tridentate bis-NHC carbene chelates (2,6-bisimidazolylidene benzene), bidentate chelates (C^N ligands, e.g. derivatives of 2-phenylpridine), and monodentate ions (halides and pseudo-halides, such as Br, I, OCN and CN ions) have been systematically designed and synthesized. X-ray single crystal structure characterization revealed that the nitrogen atom in C^N ligands is located trans to the carbon atom in the benzene ring in tridentate chelates, while the coordinating carbon atom in C^N ligands is located trans to the monodentate ligands. Photophysical studies reveal that the C^N ligands play a vital role in tuning the UV absorption and emission properties, while the tridentate bis-NHC carbene chelates influence the lowest absorption band and emission energy when compared to heteroleptic Ir(ppy)2(acac) [i.e. molar absorptivities at ∼450 nm for ppy-OCN and Ir(ppy)2(acac) are 350 M−1 cm−1 and 1520 M−1 cm−1 and emission maximum peaks are at 465 nm and 515 nm respectively]. Among monodentate ligands that the complexes bear, the group containing the cyanide ligand displays higher emission energy, higher photophysical quantum yields, longer triplet lifetimes and better electrochemical and thermal stabilities than those of cyanate and bromide. Particularly, a blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on dfppy-CN exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.94% with CIE coordinates of (0.14, 0.24). Furthermore, a small efficiency roll-off of 5.7% was observed for this device at 1000 cd m−2. Construction of [3 + 2 + 1] coordinated iridium(iii) cyano complexes for achieving high-efficiency phosphors and their application in blue OLEDs with low efficiency roll-off.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- PURI Materials 6F, Block A, Jiazhaoye Xindong Kechuang Park, 71st Zone Xindong, Baoan District Shenzhen 518133 China
| | - Chen Yang
- PURI Materials 6F, Block A, Jiazhaoye Xindong Kechuang Park, 71st Zone Xindong, Baoan District Shenzhen 518133 China .,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wansi Li
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- PURI Materials 6F, Block A, Jiazhaoye Xindong Kechuang Park, 71st Zone Xindong, Baoan District Shenzhen 518133 China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen 518053 China
| | - Qingdan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guodan Wei
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen 518053 China
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17
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Malmberg R, von Arx T, Hasan M, Blacque O, Shukla A, McGregor SKM, Lo SC, Namdas EB, Venkatesan K. Tunable Light-Emission Properties of Solution-Processable N-Heterocyclic Carbene Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Chemistry 2021; 27:7265-7274. [PMID: 33527569 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) cyclometalated gold(III) complexes remain very scarce and therefore their photophysical properties remain currently underexplored. Moreover, gold(III) complexes emitting in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum are rare. In this work, a series of four phosphorescent gold(III) complexes was investigated bearing four different NHC monocyclometalated (C^C*)-type ligands and a dianionic (N^N)-type ancillary ligand ((N^N)=5,5'-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazole) (mepzH2 )). The complexes exhibit strong phosphorescence when doped in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at room temperature, which were systematically tuned from sky-blue [λPL =456 nm, CIE coordinates: (0.20, 034)] to green [λPL =516 nm, CIE coordinates: (0.31, 0.54)] by varying the monocyclometalated (C^C*) ligand framework. The complexes revealed high quantum efficiencies (ϕPL ) of up to 43 % and excited-state lifetimes (τ0 ) between 15-266 μs. The radiative rate constant values found for these complexes (kr =103 -104 s-1 ) are the highest found in comparison to previously known best-performing monocyclometalated gold(III) complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations of these complexes further lend support to the excited-state nature of these complexes. The calculations showed a significant contribution of the gold(III) metal center in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of up to 18 %, which was found to be unique for this class of cyclometalated gold(III) complexes. Additionally, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated by using a solution process to provide the first insight into the electroluminescent (EL) properties of this new class of gold(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Malmberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Tobias von Arx
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monirul Hasan
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Atul Shukla
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sarah K M McGregor
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shih-Chun Lo
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ebinazar B Namdas
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,MQ Photonics Research Centre, MQ Sustainable Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Abstract
This review article focuses on the understanding of intersystem crossing (ISC) in molecules. It addresses readers who are interested in the phenomenon of intercombination transitions between states of different electron spin multiplicities but are not familiar with relativistic quantum chemistry. Among the spin-dependent interaction terms that enable a crossover between states of different electron spin multiplicities, spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is by far the most important. If SOC is small or vanishes by symmetry, ISC can proceed by electronic spin-spin coupling (SSC) or hyperfine interaction (HFI). Although this review discusses SSC- and HFI-based ISC, the emphasis is on SOC-based ISC. In addition to laying the theoretical foundations for the understanding of ISC, the review elaborates on the qualitative rules for estimating transition probabilities. Research on the mechanisms of ISC has experienced a major revival in recent years owing to its importance in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Exemplified by challenging case studies, chemical substitution and solvent environment effects are discussed with the aim of helping the reader to understand and thereby get a handle on the factors that steer the efficiency of ISC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel M Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40204, Germany;
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19
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Martínez-Junquera M, Lalinde E, Moreno MT, Alfaro-Arnedo E, López IP, Larráyoz IM, Pichel JG. Luminescent cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes with acyclic diaminocarbene ligands: structural, photophysical and biological properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4539-4554. [PMID: 33729268 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00480h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Four new cyclometalated Pt(ii) complexes bearing acyclic diaminocarbene (ADC) ligands, [Pt(C^N)Cl{C(NHXyl)(NHR)}] [C^N = 2,6-difluorophenylpyridine (dfppy), phenylquinoline (pq); R = Pr 3a, 4a, CH2Ph 3b, 4b], were prepared by the nucleophilic attack on the isocyanide [Pt(C^N)Cl(CNXyl)] (C^N = dfppy 1, pq 2) by the corresponding amine RNH2 (R = Pr, CH2Ph). Complexes 3 show in their 1H NMR spectra in CDCl3 a notable concentration dependence, with a clear variation of the δH (NHXyl) signal, suggesting an assembling process implying donor-acceptor NHXylCl bonding, also supported by 1D-PGSE (Pulse Field Gradient Spin Echo) and 2D-DOSY (Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy) NMR experiments in solution and X-ray diffraction studies. The intermolecular interactions in compounds 3a and 3b were studied by using Hirshfeld surface analysis and Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) methods on their X-ray structures. Their photophysical properties were investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopies and also by TD-DFT calculations performed on 3a and 4b. These complexes show green (3) or orange (4) phosphorescence, attributed to a mixed 3IL/3MLCT excited state. The carbene ligand does not affect the emission maxima but it produces an increase of the quantum yields in relation to the isocyanide in the precursors. In fluid solutions, the emission is not concentration-dependent, but the complexes may show aggregation induced emission as detailed for complexes 3a and 4a. In addition, cytotoxicity studies in the human cell lines A549 (lung carcinoma) and HeLa (cervix carcinoma) showed good activity for these complexes and 3a, 3b and 4a exhibit a strong effect on DNA electrophoretic mobility. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 3 and 4 represent the first examples of cycloplatinated complexes bearing acyclic diamino carbenes with antiproliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Martínez-Junquera
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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20
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Stipurin S, Strassner T. Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Imidazolinylidene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
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21
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Shahzad K, Majid ASA, Khan M, Iqbal MA, Ali A. Recent advances in the synthesis of (99mTechnetium) based radio-pharmaceuticals. REV INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Technetium radionuclide (99mTc) has excellent extent of disintegration properties and occupies a special place in the field of nuclear medicinal chemistry and other health disciplines. Current review describes recent approaches of synthesis in detailed ways for radio-pharmaceuticals of technetium which have been developed to treat and diagnose the biotic disorders. These technetium labeled radio-pharmaceuticals have been established to apply in the field of diagnostic nuclear medicine especially for imaging of different body parts such as brain, heart, kidney, bones and so on, through single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) that is thought to be difficult to image such organs by using common X-ray and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) techniques. This review highlights and accounts an inclusive study on the various synthetic routes of technetium labeled radio-pharmaceuticals using ligands with various donor atoms such as carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus etc. These compounds can be utilized as next generation radio-pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | | | - Mumtaz Khan
- Health Physics Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
- Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | - Asjad Ali
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
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22
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Wu SH, Shao JY, Zhao Z, Ma J, Yang R, Chen N, Tang JH, Bian Z, Zhong YW. Ligand Engineering toward Deep Blue Emission in Nonplanar Terdentate Platinum(II) Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hai Wu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Ma
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Yang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Chen
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuqiang Bian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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