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Yadav B, Ravikanth M. Porphyrinoid framework embedded with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: new synthetic marvels. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1932-1960. [PMID: 38376865 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02116e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The highly conjugated tetrapyrrolic porphyrin macrocycle and its contracted and expanded congeners have been extensively used for a wide range of applications across diverse research domains because of their captivating and intriguing features. Over the years, the porphyrin framework and electronic properties of porphyrinoids have been modified and tuned by replacing one or more pyrrole ring(s) with five- and six-membered heterocycles/carbacycles, and their resulting properties have been explored. In recent times, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene and dibenzo[g,p]chrysene, have been used to replace one or more pyrrole rings of porphyrinoids, and resulting polycyclic-aromatic-embedded porphyrinoids show unique features that differ from those of other modified porphyrinoids. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the porphyrinoid macrocyclic framework induce different π-conjugation pathways in macrocycles, exhibit variable degrees of aromaticity from nonaromatic to aromatic and antiaromatic and provide a unique ligand environment to form stable coordination and organometallic complexes in which metals show uncommon oxidation states and unusual reactivity. This review presents an overview of the synthesis, coordination chemistry, structure and properties of various porphyrinoids with an embedded PAH that have been reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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2
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Chitranshi S, Adinarayana B, Das M, Anila S, Suresh CH, Srinivasan A. Rh(I) and Organo-Rh(III) Complexes of meso-Triarylbiphenylcorrole. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:336-341. [PMID: 36534817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium complexes of biphenylcorrole are reported, and the molecular structures of the complexes are unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The adj-CCNN core of the dicarbacorrole efficiently stabilizes a rhodium metal ion in its two different oxidation states. It is pertinent to point out that the Rh(I) metal complex attains square-planar geometry while organo-Rh(III) forms an octahedral complex. Furthermore, density functional theory studies corroborate the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangya Chitranshi
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - B Adinarayana
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Mainak Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Sebastian Anila
- Inorganic & Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Inorganic & Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - A Srinivasan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
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3
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Szyszko B. Phenanthrene‐Embedded Carbaporphyrinoids and Related Systems: From Ligands to Cages and Molecular Switches. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- University of Wroclaw: Uniwersytet Wroclawski Chemistry 14 F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wroclaw POLAND
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4
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Li F, Wang K, Rao Y, Xu L, Osuka A, Song J. Conformationally Restricted and Three-dimensionally Extended Carbazole-Incorporating Expanded Porphyrinoids. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of 3,6-(1-phenyl-1-(2-pyrroyl)methyl)carbazole with pentafluoroaldehyde and subsequent oxidation with DDQ gave a carbazole-incorporating octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0) analogue, 7, which was shown to exists as locked conformers 7a and 7b. Both conformers were...
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Das M, Adinarayana B, Srinivasan A. Recent Advances in the Design and Syntheses of Porphyrinoids by Embedding Higher Analogues of Arene and Pyridine Units. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35204-35212. [PMID: 34984253 PMCID: PMC8717398 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to enthralling applications in various fields and augmenting fundamental wisdom, π-conjugated macrocycles in general and porphyrin systems in particular are constantly explored. Subtle modifications of porphyrin structure can amend the rudimentary properties. Pursuing innovative properties provides impetus to underpin arene or pyridine moiety embedded porphyrin derivatives. There have been several reviews related to arene incorporated carbaporphyrinoids; however, recent developments of porphyrin analogues by introducing higher analogues of arenes and pyridine units are not adequately inspected. This mini-review mainly focuses on biphenyl, bipyridine, terphenyl, and mixed arene pyridine embedded porphyrin analogues and their coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - B. Adinarayana
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 7TA, United
Kingdom
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
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Zhou W, Hao M, Lu T, Duan Z, Sarma T, Sessler JL, Lei C. Carbazole-Containing Carbadecaphyrins: Non-aromatic Expanded Porphyrins that Undergo Proton-Triggered Conformational Changes. Chemistry 2021; 27:16173-16180. [PMID: 34532908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A pair of meso-unsubstituted expanded carbaporphyrins containing two carbazole moieties were prepared in high isolated yields (82 and 76 %, respectively). The two macrocycles, namely 3 and 4, differ with respect to their substitution at the carbazole N-atoms i. e. by H and i-Bu, respectively. As prepared in their free-base forms, macrocycles 3 and 4 adopt figure-of-eight conformations and are best characterized as 40 π-electron, non-aromatic species possessing a decaphyrin(1.1.0.0.0.1.1.0.0.0) skeleton. Protonation of 3 with either trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or perchloric acid (HClO4 ) produces a parallelogram-shaped structure. A similar structure is produced when N-functionalized system 4 is treated with TFA. In contrast, protonation of 4 with HClO4 leads it to adopt a twisted Möbius strip-like structure in the solid state, thus allowing access to three distinct conformational states as a function of the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Hao
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tian Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tridib Sarma
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, United States
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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7
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Szyszko B, Rymut P, Matviyishyn M, Białońska A, Latos‐Grażyński L. Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Control Over Multiple Conformations of Di‐2,7‐naphthihexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Paweł Rymut
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Maksym Matviyishyn
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
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Szyszko B, Rymut P, Matviyishyn M, Białońska A, Latos-Grażyński L. Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Control Over Multiple Conformations of Di-2,7-naphthihexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20137-20146. [PMID: 33462869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Di-2,7-naphthihexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1), a non-aromatic carba-analogue of the hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1), incorporating two built-in 2,7-naphthylene moieties was synthesized as two separate, conformationally locked stereoisomers. Both conformers followed complex protonation pathways involving structurally different species, which can be targeted under kinetic and thermodynamic control. The neutralization of the ultimate dicationic product, accessible from both stereoisomers of the free base, allowed to realize the complex conformational switching cycle involving six structurally different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Rymut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maksym Matviyishyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Expanded Carbaporphyrinoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16874-16901. [PMID: 31825555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Review outlines the progress in the field of synthetic expanded carbaporphyrinoids. The evolution of this topic is demonstrated with expanded porphyrin-inspired systems with a variety of incorporated entities that introduce one or more carbon atoms into the cavity. The discussion starts with platyrins-the macrocycles that were identified as parent molecules of not only the expanded carbaporphyrinoids, but the carbaporphyrinoid class in general. After historic considerations, the plethora of expanded porphyrin-like macrocycles containing N-confused or neo-confused pyrrole motifs and different carbocyclic subunits are presented. Special emphasis is given to applications of expanded carbaporphyrinoids in different areas, including organometallic chemistry, switching systems, or aromaticity, concluding with the demonstration of a covalent cage based on an expanded carbaporphyrinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Polen
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11
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Szyszko B, Przewoźnik M, Białek MJ, Białońska A, Chmielewski PJ, Latos-Grażyński L. Conformation-Dependent Response to the Protonation of Diphenanthrioctaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0): A Route to Pseudorotaxane-Like Structures. Chemistry 2020; 26:8555-8566. [PMID: 32203626 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diphenanthrioctaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0), an expanded carbaporphyrinoid incorporating two phenanthrenylene moieties, exists as two separate, yet interconvertible, locked stereoisomers. These species demonstrate complex dynamic behavior upon protonation, consisting in multiple conformational rearrangements and anion-binding events. The formation of one of the final dicationic forms is accompanied by the inclusion of a complex anion(s) within the macrocyclic cavity yielding a pseudorotaxane-like host-guest complex. Protonation with trifluoroacetic or dichloroacetic acids followed by neutralization afforded a conformation-switching cycle, which involves six structurally different species. Analogous acidification with chiral 10-camphorsulfonic acid and subsequent neutralization generated one of the free base stereoisomers with enantiomeric excess. Therefore, it was shown that the simple acid-base chemistry of diphenanthrioctaphyrin can act as stimulus, inducing chirality into the system, allowing for the manipulation of the stereochemical information imprinted into the enantiomers of the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Przewoźnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50383, Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Chitranshi S, Das M, Adinarayana B, Cha WY, Kim D, Srinivasan A. Structurally Isomerized Bis-Biphenyl Moieties Embedded in Hexaphyrin(3.1.1.3.1.1) and Octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0). Org Lett 2020; 22:1081-1085. [PMID: 31935101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An o-p-biphenyl moiety-incorporated 32π hexaphyrin(3.1.1.3.1.1) is successfully achieved. Replacing ortho with meta connectivity in the biphenyl unit of hexaphyrin leads to the formation of its structural isomer, octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0). Spectral and structural analyses reveal the lack of planarity in hexaphyrin and the presence of an m-arene unit in octaphyrin, thus affording nonaromatic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangya Chitranshi
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Mainak Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - B Adinarayana
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Won-Young Cha
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - A Srinivasan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
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