1
|
Arai R, Nagashima Y, Koshikawa T, Tanaka K. Photocatalytic Generations of Secondary and Tertiary Silyl Radicals from Silylboranes Using an Alkoxide Cocatalyst. J Org Chem 2022. [PMID: 36214474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silyl radicals are valuable species to prepare diverse organosilicon compounds. However, unlike stable tertiary silyl radicals, the use of secondary silyl radicals has been problematic in silylation reactions due to their instability. Here, we present photocatalytic in situ generations of both secondary and tertiary silyl radicals by one-electron oxidation of ate complexes, formed from silylboranes and an alkoxide cocatalyst, achieving highly efficient hydrosilylation and deuterosilylation of electron-rich alkenes and dienes as well as electron-deficient alkenes. The theoretical studies show that anionic borate complexes activated with an alkoxide have lower oxidation potentials than neutral borate complexes, allowing the formation of secondary silyl radicals. The calculated reaction pathways reveal that anionic conditions using the conjugate acid-base pair of NaOEt (cocatalyst) and EtOH (solvent) are the key to expanding the scope of silyl radicals and alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Arai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo152-8550, Japan
| | - Takumi Koshikawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo152-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghosh S, Hajra A. Visible-light-mediated metal-free C–Si bond formation reactions. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Conserving the environment is one of the most imperative goals in recent days among the chemists throughout the world. Swiftly increasing the environmental awareness also increases the demand to build new approaches for synthesizing the same active molecules with zero-waste and pollution. In this background, visible-light-mediated synthesis and functionalization of diverse organic compounds has been established as a tremendously successful topic and has achieved a remarkable stage of superiority and efficiency in the last 20 years. Alternatively, organosilicon derivatives are gradually aspiring leaves among chemists because of their significant application on synthetic, medicinal, and material chemistry. In this scenario, the addition of Si–H group to carbon−carbon multiple bonds (alkenes, hetero-arenes, alkynes, allenes, carboxylic acids, enynes, and dienes) provides an extremely step- and atom-efficient method to obtain silicon-containing compounds. Several attempts for the development of mild, robust, and efficient green protocol were taken in the last two decades. In spite of substantial advancement/research on C–Si bond formation using transition metal catalysis, a green and metal-free approach is highly essential considering its application in the field of medicine and with respect to environmental aspects as well. In this article, we will summarize the reports considering suitable visible-light-mediated metal-free silylation of C–C multiple bonds that includes alkenes, hetero-arenes, alkynes, allenes, enynes, and dienes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , Visva-Bharati (A Central University) , Santiniketan 731235 , India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry , Visva-Bharati (A Central University) , Santiniketan 731235 , India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo C, Lu WH, Wang GQ, Zhang ZB, Li HQ, Han P, Yang D, Jing LH, Wang C. Photocatalytic Synthesis of Diarylmethyl Silanes via 1,6-Conjugate Addition of Silyl Radicals to p-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3567-3576. [PMID: 35133837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel photocatalytic method for the preparation of diarylmethyl silanes was reported through silyl radicals addition strategy to p-QMs (p-quinone methides). This protocol could tolerate a variety of functional groups affording the corresponding silylation products with moderate to excellent yields. The resulting silylation products could be easily converted into a series of bioactive GPR40 agonists and useful p-QMs precursors for the synthesis of compounds possessing both quaternary carbon centers and silicon substituents through simple operation. A plausible mechanism of silyl radicals to p-QMs was proposed on the basis of experimental results and previous literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Wen-Hua Lu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Guo-Qin Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Zheng-Bing Zhang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Hai-Qiong Li
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Lin-Hai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Petro China Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang X, Gao H, Yan J, Shi L. Recent Progress in Radical-Mediated Si—H Functionalization of Silanes: An Effective Strategy for the Synthesis of Organosilanes Containing C—Si Bond. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
5
|
Kondoh A, Ojima R, Terada M. Formal Fluorinative Ring Opening of 2-Benzoylpyrrolidines Utilizing [1,2]-Phospha-Brook Rearrangement for Synthesis of 2-Aryl-3-fluoropiperidines. Org Lett 2021; 23:7894-7899. [PMID: 34585940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A ring expansion of 2-benzoylpyrrolidines, which involves the formal fluorinative ring opening utilizing the [1,2]-phospha-Brook rearrangement under Brønsted base catalysis and a subsequent intramolecular reductive amination, was developed. The operationally simple three-step protocol provides an efficient access to 2-aryl-3-fluoropiperidines. The methodology was further applied to the syntheses of azepanes and tetrahydroquinolines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kondoh
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Rihaku Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent findings and developments in the emerging area of photocatalytic silylation with literature coverage mainly extending from 2014 to February 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan 731235
- India
| | - Dipti Lai
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan 731235
- India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan 731235
- India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu R, Rajasekar S, Fang X. Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Migratory Hydrocyanation of Nonconjugated Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Shanmugam Rajasekar
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu R, Rajasekar S, Fang X. Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Migratory Hydrocyanation of Nonconjugated Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21436-21441. [PMID: 32786048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed chain-walking reactions have recently emerged as a powerful strategy to functionalize remote positions in organic molecules. However, a chain-walking protocol for nonconjugated dienes remains scarcely reported, and developments are currently ongoing. In this Communication, a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric hydrocyanation of nonconjugated dienes involving a chain-walking process is demonstrated. The reaction exhibits excellent regio- and chemoselectivity, and a wide range of substrates were tolerated, delivering the products in high yields and enantioselectivities. Deuterium-labeling experiments support the chain-walking process, which involves an iterative β-H elimination and reinsertion processes. Gram-scale synthesis, regioconvergent experiments, and downstream transformations gave further insights into the high potential of this transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shanmugam Rajasekar
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hou H, Xu Y, Yang H, Chen X, Yan C, Shi Y, Zhu S. Visible-Light Mediated Hydrosilylative and Hydrophosphorylative Cyclizations of Enynes and Dienes. Org Lett 2020; 22:1748-1753. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chaoguo Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqun Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai Y, Zhao W, Wang S, Liang Y, Yao ZJ. Access to Functionalized E-Allylsilanes and E-Alkenylsilanes through Visible-Light-Driven Radical Hydrosilylation of Mono- and Disubstituted Allenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:9836-9840. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaozhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|