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Choudhari M, Xu J, McKay AI, Guerrin C, Forsyth C, Ma HZ, Goerigk L, O'Hair RAJ, Bonnefont A, Ruhlmann L, Aloise S, Ritchie C. A photo-switchable molecular capsule: sequential photoinduced processes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13732-13740. [PMID: 36544719 PMCID: PMC9710229 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastable trilacunary heteropolyoxomolybdate [PMo9O31(py)3]3- - {PMo9}; py = pyridine) and the ditopic pyridyl bearing diarylethene (DAE) (C25H16N2F6S2) self-assemble via a facile ligand replacement methodology to yield the photo-active molecular capsule [(PMo9O31)2(DAE)3]6-. The spatial arrangement and conformation of the three DAE ligands are directed by the surface chemistry of the molecular metal oxide precursor with exclusive ligation of the photo-active antiparallel rotamer to the polyoxometalate (POM) while the integrity of the assembly in solution has been verified by a suite of spectroscopic techniques. Electrocyclisation of the three DAEs occurs sequentially and has been investigated using a combination of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies with the discovery of a photochemical cascade whereby rapid photoinduced ring closure is followed by electron transfer from the ring-closed DAE to the POM in the latent donor-acceptor system on subsequent excitation. This interpretation is also supported by computational and detailed spectroelectrochemical analysis. Ring-closing quantum yields were also determined using a custom quantum yield determination setup (QYDS), providing insight into the impact of POM coordination on these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Chemistry, Monash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China
| | | | - Clément Guerrin
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 – LASIRE – Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l’EnvironnementLille F-59000France
| | - Craig Forsyth
- School of Chemistry, Monash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Howard Z. Ma
- School of Chemistry, University of MelbourneMelbourne3010VictoriaAustralia
| | - Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry, University of MelbourneMelbourne3010VictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Antoine Bonnefont
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg4, rue Blaise PascalStrasbourg 67000France
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg4, rue Blaise PascalStrasbourg 67000France
| | - Stephane Aloise
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 – LASIRE – Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l’EnvironnementLille F-59000France
| | - Chris Ritchie
- School of Chemistry, Monash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
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Tang CK, Li YZ, Zhou ZJ, Ma F, Mo Y. Metalloradical complex Co-C˙Ph3 catalyzes the CO 2 reduction in gas phase: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1392-1400. [PMID: 33476353 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-stabilized radicals have been increasingly exploited in modern organic synthesis. Here, we theoretically designed a metalloradical complex Co-C˙Ph3 with the triplet characters through the transition metal cobalt (Co0) coordinating a triphenylmethyl radical. The potential catalytic role of this novel metalloradical in the CO2 reduction with H2/CH4 in the gas phase was explored via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For the CO2 reduction reaction with H2, there are two possible pathways: one (path A) is the activation of CO2 by Co-C˙Ph3, followed by the hydrogenation of CO2. The other (path B) starts from the splitting of the H-H bond by Co-C˙Ph3, leading to the transition-metal hydride complex CoH-H, which can reduce CO2. DFT computations show that path B is more favorable than path A as their rate-determining free energy barriers are 18.3 and 27.2 kcal mol-1, respectively. However, for the reduction of CO2 by CH4 two different products, CH3COOH and HCOOCH3, can be generated following different reaction routes. Both routes begin with one CH4 molecule approaching the metalloradical Co-C˙Ph3 to form the intermediate CoH-CH3. This intermediate can evolve following two different pathways, depending on whether the H bonded to Co is transferred to the O (pathway PO) or the C (pathway PC) of CO2. Comparing their rate-determining steps, we identified that the PO route is more favorable for the reduction of CO2 by CH4 to CH3COOH with the reaction barrier 24.5 kcal mol-1. Thus, the present Co0-based metalloradical system represents a viable catalytic protocol that can contribute to the effective utilization of small molecules (H2 and CH4) to reduce CO2, and provides an alternative strategy for the exploration of CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Kai Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China.
| | - Ya-Zhou Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China.
| | - Zhong-Jun Zhou
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Fang Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China.
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA.
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Schlüter D, Kleemiss F, Fugel M, Lork E, Sugimoto K, Grabowsky S, Harmer JR, Vogt M. Non-Oxido-Vanadium(IV) Metalloradical Complexes with Bidentate 1,2-Dithienylethene Ligands: Observation of Reversible Cyclization of the Ligand Scaffold in Solution. Chemistry 2020; 26:1335-1343. [PMID: 31721322 PMCID: PMC7027510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of 1,2‐dithienylethene (DTE) have superb photochromic properties due to an efficient reversible photocyclization reaction of their hexatriene structure and, thus, have application potential in materials for optoelectronics and (multi‐responsive) molecular switches. Transition‐metal complexes bearing switchable DTE motifs commonly incorporate their coordination site rather distant from the hexatriene system. In this work the redox active ligand 1,2‐bis(2,5‐dimethylthiophen‐3‐yl)ethane‐1,2‐dione is described, which reacts with [V(TMEDA)2Cl2] to give a rare non‐oxido vanadium(IV) species 3(M,M/P,P). This blue complex has two bidentate en‐diolato ligands which chelate the VIV center and give rise to two five‐membered metallacycles with the adjacent hexatriene DTE backbone bearing axial chirality. Upon irradiation with UVA light or prolonged heating in solution, the blue compound 3(M,M/P,P) converts into the purple atropisomer 4(para,M/para,P). Both complexes were isolated and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis (using lab source and synchrotron radiation). The antiparallel configuration (M or P helicity) present in both 3(M,M/P,P) and 4(para,M/para,P) is a prerequisite for (reversible) 6π cyclization reactions. A CW EPR spectroscopic study reveals the metalloradical character for 3(M,M/P,P) and 4(para,M/para,P) and indicates dynamic reversible cyclization of the DTE backbone in complex 3(M,M/P,P) at ambient temperature in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schlüter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Str. 3 and 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Florian Kleemiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Str. 3 and 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Abteilung für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Malte Fugel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Str. 3 and 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Str. 3 and 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kunihisa Sugimoto
- SPring-8/JASRI, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Str. 3 and 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Abteilung für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Center of Advanced Imaging (CAI), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QL, Australia
| | - Matthias Vogt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Str. 3 and 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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