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Chai S, He Q, Zhou J, Chang Z, Pan A, Zhou H. Solid-State Electrolytes and Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in Rechargeable Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301268. [PMID: 37845180 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to the high safety, high energy density and wide operating temperature range of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) they use. Unfortunately, the practical application of SSEs has rarely been successful, which is largely attributed to the low chemical stability and ionic conductivity, ineluctable solid-solid interface issues including limited ion transport channels, high energy barriers, and poor interface contact. A comprehensive understanding of ion transport mechanisms of various SSEs, interactions between fillers and polymer matrixes and the role of the interface in SSBs are indispensable for rational design and performance optimization of novel electrolytes. The categories, research advances and ion transport mechanism of inorganic glass/ceramic electrolytes, polymer-based electrolytes and corresponding composite electrolytes are detailly summarized and discussed. Moreover, interface contact and compatibility between electrolyte and cathode/anode are also briefly discussed. Furthermore, the electrochemical characterization methods of SSEs used in different types of SSBs are also introduced. On this basis, the principles and prospects of novel SSEs and interface design are curtly proposed according to the development requirements of SSBs. Moreover, the advanced characterizations for real-time monitoring of interface changes are also brought forward to promote the development of SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Chai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Anqiang Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Micro-structures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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2
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Naren T, Jiang R, Kuang GC, Zhou L, Chen L. Functional Polymers as Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interfaces for Stabilizing Lithium Metal Anode. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301228. [PMID: 37718309 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The practical implementation of the lithium metal anode (LMA) has long been pursued due to its extremely high specific capacity and low electrochemical equilibrium potential. However, the unstable interfaces resulting from lithium ultrahigh reactivity have significantly hindered the use of LMA. This instability directly leads to dendrite growth behavior, dead lithium, low Coulombic efficiency, and even safety concerns. Therefore, artificial solid electrolyte interfaces (ASEI) with enhanced physicochemical and electrochemistry properties have been explored to stabilize LMA. Polymer materials, with their flexible structures and multiple functional groups, offer a promising way for structurally designing ASEIs to address the challenges faced by LMA. This Concept demonstrates an overview of polymer ASEIs with different functionalities, such as providing uniform lithium ion and single-ion transportation, inhibiting side reactions, possessing self-healing ability, and improving air stability. Furthermore, challenges and prospects for the future application of polymeric ASEIs in commercial lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoya Naren
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ruheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Chao Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Liangjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Libao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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Bao J, Song X, Tian F, Shi H, Liang S, Wang S, Zeng M, Xue Y, Hong C, Xu Z. Biomass Separators as a "Lifesaver" for Safe and Long-Life Lithium Metal Batteries. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302236. [PMID: 37705492 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The growth of lithium dendrites and the shuttle of polysulfides in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have hindered their development. In LMBs, the cathode and anode are separated by a separator, although this does not solve the battery's issues. The use of biomass materials is widespread for modifying the separator due to their porous structure and abundant functional groups. LMBs perform more electrochemically when lithium ions are deposited uniformly and polysulfide shuttling is reduced using biomass separators. In this review, we analyze the growth of lithium dendrite and the shuttle of polysulfide in LMBs, summarize the types of biomass separator materials and the mechanisms of action (providing mechanical barriers, promoting uniform deposition of metal ions, capturing polysulfides, shielding polysulfide). The prospect of developing new separator materials from the perspective of regulating ion transport and physical sieving efficiency as well as the application of advanced technologies such as synchrotron radiation to characterize the mechanism of action of biomass separators is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Tianjin Kinfa Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Haiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Shuaitong Liang
- International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles of Henan Province, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yanling Xue
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Chunxia Hong
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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Wang Y, Ren L, Liu J, Lu X, Wang Q, Zhou M, Liu W, Sun X. In Situ Construction of Composite Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50982-50991. [PMID: 36322052 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal is considered as the most promising anode material for high energy density secondary batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low redox potential. However, poor interfacial stability and uncontrollable dendrite growth seriously hinder the commercial application of Li metal anodes. Herein, we constructed a composite artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (ASEI) utilizing the in situ reaction between polyacrylic acid (PAA)/stannous fluoride (SnF2) and lithium metal, which spontaneously generates LiPAA, LiF, and Li5Sn2 alloys. The in situ formed LiPAA as a flexible matrix can accommodate the volume change of the lithium anode. Meanwhile, LiF and Li5Sn2 play the roles for improving the mechanical properties and boosting Li-ion flux in the interfacial layer, respectively. Benefiting from the ingenious design, the PAA-SnF2@Li anodes remain stable and dendrite-free morphology in symmetric cells for over 2000 h and exhibit excellent cycling stability in high-area loading (10.52 mg cm-2) Li||LiFePO4 full cells with a N/P of 1.68, which endures only 0.11% average capacity decay per cycle in 200 cycles. This simple and low-cost method supplies a route for the commercial application of lithium metal anodes with fresh eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Tao M, Xiang Y, Zhao D, Shan P, Sun Y, Yang Y. Quantifying the Evolution of Inactive Li/Lithium Hydride and Their Correlations in Rechargeable Anode-free Li Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6775-6781. [PMID: 35939759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte optimization, such as using fluoride-bearing electrolytes, is regarded as an effective way to improve the cycle performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs), but the promotion mechanisms of the electrolytes are in controversy due to the lack of quantitative understanding of the reaction products during cycling. Here, taking several fluorinated electrolytes as models, we use mass spectrometry titration (MST) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to quantify the evolution of dead Li metal, solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) and lithium hydride (LiH) during cycling. Our quantitative results clearly disclose that lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) is able to inhibit the formation of SEI and LiH while fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) mainly inhibits the formation of dead Li metal. Furthermore, we surprisingly observe a linear correlation between LiH and SEI formation, whereas the commonly mentioned lithium fluoride (LiF) shows a weak correlation with either dead Li metal or SEI. Guided by the clear failure mechanism, we can provide a reasonable explanation for the synergistic effect with the combination of LiODFB and FEC from a quantitative perspective. We believe that a quantitative insight of electrolytes on the failure mechanism of LMBs will guide us to explore the functional electrolytes to achieve the practical application of LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhao Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiou Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- School of Energy Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Hagopian A, Touja J, Louvain N, Stievano L, Filhol JS, Monconduit L. Importance of Halide Ions in the Stabilization of Hybrid Sn-Based Coatings for Lithium Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10319-10326. [PMID: 35175035 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The properties of hybrid Sn-based artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers in protecting Li-metal electrodes toward surface instabilities were investigated via a combined experimental and theoretical approach. The performance of coating layers can be coherently explained based on the nature of the coating species. Notably, when starting from a chloride precursor, the hybrid coating layer is formed by an intimate mixture of Li7Sn2 and LiCl: the first ensures a high bulk ionic conductivity, while the second forms an external layer allowing a fast surface diffusion of Li+ to avoid dendrite growth, a low surface tension to guarantee the thermodynamic stability of the protective layer, and a negative underneath plating energy (UPE) to promote lithium plating at the interface between the Li metal and the coating layer. The synergy between the two components and, in particular, the crucial role of LiCl in the promotion of such an underneath plating mechanism are shown to be the key properties to improve the performance of artificial SEI layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Hagopian
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), Hub de l'Energie, FR CNRS 3459 Amiens, France
| | - Justine Touja
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Louvain
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), Hub de l'Energie, FR CNRS 3459 Amiens, France
| | - Lorenzo Stievano
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), Hub de l'Energie, FR CNRS 3459 Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Filhol
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), Hub de l'Energie, FR CNRS 3459 Amiens, France
| | - Laure Monconduit
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), Hub de l'Energie, FR CNRS 3459 Amiens, France
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Zhuang D, Huang X, Chen Z, Wu H, Sheng L, Zhao M, Bai Y, Liu G, Xue H, Wang T, Chen Y, He J. A novel artificial film of lithiophilic polyethersulfone for inhibiting lithium dendrite. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shen F, Zhang F, Yin Y, Chen S, Gao J, Li J, Han X. A high performance lithium metal anode enabled by CF 4 plasma treated carbon paper. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11800-11807. [PMID: 34223571 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To substantially boost the energy density of secondary batteries, research studies on lithium metal anodes are booming to develop technologies on lithium metal batteries. However, suffering from lithium dendritic growth and volume expansion, the batteries are still far from practical applications. Herein, carbon paper (CP) is superficially fluorinated by CF4 plasma to endow the obtained composite lithium metal anode with both high areal capacity and long lifespan. The decreasing intensity of plasma from the upper surface to the bottom in the CP matrix achieves a higher F content and a lower conductivity on the top side, thus guiding more lithium to deposit inside the matrix. Besides, the fluorinated carbon paper (FCP) possesses flatter lithium plating in contrast to typical dendrites. As a result, the cells employing FCP as the anode achieve stable cycling over 350 cycles at a high areal capacity of 3 mA h cm-2 and a current density of 1 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
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Meyerson ML, Papa PE, Heller A, Mullins CB. Recent Developments in Dendrite-Free Lithium-Metal Deposition through Tailoring of Micro- and Nanoscale Artificial Coatings. ACS NANO 2021; 15:29-46. [PMID: 33347283 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forty years after the failed introduction of rechargeable lithium-metal batteries and 30 years after the successful commercialization of the lower capacity, graphite-anode-based lithium-ion battery by Sony, demand for higher energy density batteries is leading to reinvestigation of the problem of dendrite growth that makes the metallic lithium anodes unsafe and prevented commercialization to begin with. One strategy to mitigate dendrite growth is to deposit thin, tailored, corrosion-passivating coatings on the metallic lithium, instead of allowing the metal to spontaneously react with the organic electrolyte solution to form its passivating solid electrolyte interface (SEI). The challenge is to find and to deposit a coating that is electronically insulating yet allows uniform permeation of Li+ at a high cycling rate, such that Li-metal is electrodeposited uniformly on the nanoscale below the tailored coating. Recently, a number of studies have examined multicomponent films, taking advantage of the properties of two different materials, which can be tuned separately or chosen for their complementary properties. Use of these multicomponent coatings will likely enable future researchers to create rationally designed SEIs capable of effectively suppressing the growth of Li dendrites. This review discusses recent developments in micro- and nanoscale tailored coatings to meet that need.
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Kitta M. In-Operando Detection of the Physical Property Changes of an Interfacial Electrolyte during the Li-Metal Electrode Reaction by Atomic Force Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9701-9708. [PMID: 32790312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of an interfacial electrolyte near the electrode surface essentially affect the electrochemical behavior of the Li metal negative electrode. Therefore, probing the interfacial electrolyte under in-operando conditions is highly desired to determine the true electrochemical interface and electrode performance. In this study, dissipation recording by force-distance analysis based on atomic force microscopy was applied for the first time to address these challenges and a notable performance was observed during this study. The energy dissipation of the cantilever during the force curve motion is an important indicator to evaluate the conditions of the interfacial electrolyte because the solution drag is based on the physical properties of the electrolyte. In the in-operando electrochemical experiments of the Li metal electrode with a tetraglyme-based electrolyte, the dissipation energy clearly changed corresponding to the charge-discharge reaction. Recording the dissipation based on the force-distance analysis coupled with electrochemical operation improved the understanding of the actual characteristics of the electrochemical interface based on the direct measurement of the physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Kitta
- Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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