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Matsuo Y, Gon M, Tanaka K, Seki S, Tanaka T. Synthesis of Aza[ n]helicenes up to n = 19: Hydrogen-Bond-Assisted Solubility and Benzannulation Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17428-17437. [PMID: 38866732 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic challenges toward anomalous structures and electronic states often involve handling problems such as insolubility in common organic solvents and oxidative degradation under aerobic conditions. We designed benzo-annulated aza[n]helicenes, which benefit from both the suppressed elevation of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies and high solubility due to hydrogen bonding with solvent molecules to overcome these challenges. This strategy enabled the synthesis of six new aza[n]helicenes ([n]AHs) of different lengths (n = 9-19) from acyclic precursors via one-pot intramolecular oxidative fusion reactions. The structures of all of the synthesized aza[n]helicenes were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and their electrochemical potentials were measured by cyclic voltammetry. Among the synthesized aza[n]helicenes, [17]AH and [19]AH are the first heterohelicenes with a triple-layered helix. The noncovalent interaction (NCI) plots confirm the existence of an effective π-π interaction between the layers. The absorption and fluorescence spectra red-shifted as the helical lengths increased, without any distinct saturation points. The optical resolutions of N-butylated [9]AH, [11]AH, [13]AH, and [15]AH were accomplished, and their circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) were measured. Thus, the structural, (chir)optical, and electrochemical properties of the aza[n]helicenes were comprehensively analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Radenković S, Tomović Ž. Tuning the structure and properties of N-doped positively charged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200125. [PMID: 35404503 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A detailed study of the geometry, aromatic character, electronic and magnetic properties for a series of positively charged N-doped PAHs was performed. Magnetic properties of the examined molecules were analyzed by means of the magnetically induced current density calculated using the diamagnetic-zero version of the continuous transformation of origin of current density (CTOCD-DZ) method. The comparative study of the local aromaticity of the studied molecules was performed using several different indices: energy effect (ef), harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) index, six centre delocalization index (SCI) and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). The presence of N-atoms in the inner rings was found to cause a planarity distortion in the studied N-doped systems. The geometric changes and charged nature of the studied N-doped systems do not significantly influence the current density and the local aromaticity distribution in comparison with the corresponding parent benzenoid hydrocarbons. The present study demonstrates how quantum chemical calculations can be used for rational design of novel PAHs and fine tuning of their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Radenković
- University of Kragujevac: Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Department of Chemistry, 12 Radoja Domanovića, P.O. Box 60, 34000, Kragujevac, SERBIA
| | - Željko Tomović
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, NETHERLANDS
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3
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Riaño A, Strutyński K, Liu M, Stoppiello CT, Lerma‐Berlanga B, Saeki A, Martí‐Gastaldo C, Khlobystov AN, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Melle‐Franco M, Mateo‐Alonso A. An Expanded 2D Fused Aromatic Network with 90‐Ring Hexagons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Riaño
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Meng Liu
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Craig T. Stoppiello
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Belén Lerma‐Berlanga
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universitat de València Paterna 46980 València Spain
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Carlos Martí‐Gastaldo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universitat de València Paterna 46980 València Spain
| | | | - Giovanni Valenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science 48009 Bilbao Spain
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4
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Dos Santos MR, Silva PV, Meunier V, Girão EC. Electronic properties of 2D and 1D carbon allotropes based on a triphenylene structural unit. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25114-25125. [PMID: 34714315 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several bottom-up chemical routes have been developed in the last few years to find ways to grow new forms of nanocarbon by devising a strategical selection of molecular precursors. Here, theoretical calculations are performed on 2D nanocarbon allotropes obtained from the fusion of triphenylene-like units through tetragonal rings. This 2D triphenylene structure has a metallic character in a closed shell configuration, but it also features a spin-polarized semiconducting state. The behavior of the electronic properties of the system is investigated when the structure is cast into nanoribbon forms. It is found that to be metallic in the nonpolarized case, the ribbons must be sufficiently wide while narrow 1D systems are semiconducting. A lower threshold width is also needed for the emergence of a spin-polarized semiconducting configuration in these nanoribbons. These behaviors are robust as they do not depend on edge geometry and chirality, thus offering opportunities for their possible applications in nanoscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Rocha Dos Santos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Vieira Silva
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. .,Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, P. O. Box 6030, CEP 60455-900, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Campus Porto Grande, CEP 68997-000, Porto Grande, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Costa Girão
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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5
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Riaño A, Strutyński K, Liu M, Stoppiello CT, Lerma-Berlanga B, Saeki A, Martí-Gastaldo C, Khlobystov AN, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A. An Expanded 2D Fused Aromatic Network with 90-Ring Hexagons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113657. [PMID: 34748268 PMCID: PMC9300145 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional fused aromatic networks (2D FANs) have emerged as a highly versatile alternative to holey graphene. The synthesis of 2D FANs with increasingly larger lattice dimensions will enable new application perspectives. However, the synthesis of larger analogues is mostly limited by lack of appropriate monomers and methods. Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterisation and properties of an expanded 2D FAN with 90-ring hexagons, which exceed the largest 2D FAN lattices reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Riaño
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Meng Liu
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Craig T Stoppiello
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.,Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Belén Lerma-Berlanga
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Paterna, 46980, València, Spain
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Carlos Martí-Gastaldo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Paterna, 46980, València, Spain
| | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Souto M, Strutyński K, Melle‐Franco M, Rocha J. Electroactive Organic Building Blocks for the Chemical Design of Functional Porous Frameworks (MOFs and COFs) in Electronics. Chemistry 2020; 26:10912-10935. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Souto
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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