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Nakanishi T, Terada M. Computational molecular refinement to enhance enantioselectivity by reinforcing hydrogen bonding interactions in major reaction pathway. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5712-5721. [PMID: 37265716 PMCID: PMC10231322 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01637d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational analyses have revealed that the distortion of a catalyst and the substrates and their interactions are key to determining the stability of the transition state. Hence, two strategies "distortion strategy" and "interaction strategy" can be proposed for improving enantiomeric excess in enantioselective reactions. The "distortion strategy" is used as a conventional approach that destabilizes the TS (transition state) of the minor pathway. On the other hand, the "interaction strategy" focuses on the stabilization of the TS of the major pathway in which an enhancement of the reaction rate is expected. To realize this strategy, we envisioned the TS stabilization of the major reaction pathway by reinforcing hydrogen bonding and adopted the chiral phosphoric acid-catalysed enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of 2-vinylquinolines with dienylcarbamates. The intended "interaction strategy" led to remarkable improvements in the enantioselectivity and reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
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2
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Santos IA, de Castro PP, dos Santos HF, Amarante GW. Mechanism and Origin of Enantioselectivity in Bifunctional Squaramide‐Catalyzed α‐Thiolation of Azlactones. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanni Wilson Amarante
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora Department of Chemistry Louren�o Kelmer, s/nS�o Pedro 36036-900 Juiz de Fora BRAZIL
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3
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Umemiya S, Lingqi K, Eto Y, Terada M. Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Synthesis of Chiral Tetrahydrocarbazoles with Allenylsilanes from Racemic Indolylmethanols. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigenobu Umemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kong Lingqi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuno Eto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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4
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De Castro PP, Batista GMF, Amarante GW, Dos Santos HF. Origin of Enantioselectivity in Chiral Phosphoric-Acid-Catalyzed Azlactone Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13169-13174. [PMID: 34464119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical calculations, associated with control experiments, were carried out to gain insights into the mechanism and origin of enantioselectivity in the phosphoric-acid-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of azlactones. The results revealed a Münchnone intermediate as the key species involved in the isomerization of azlactone rings. The developed model was successfully employed in the comprehension and prediction of enantioselectivity under diverse of reaction conditions, including alcoholysis and aminolysis protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P De Castro
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Campus Universitário São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M F Batista
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Giovanni W Amarante
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Campus Universitário São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Hélio F Dos Santos
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Campus Universitário São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil
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Toda Y, Korenaga T, Obayashi R, Kikuchi J, Terada M. Dynamic parallel kinetic resolution of α-ferrocenyl cation initiated by chiral Brønsted acid catalyst. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10306-10312. [PMID: 34447532 PMCID: PMC8336484 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02122b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic parallel kinetic resolution (DPKR) of an α-ferrocenyl cation intermediate under the influence of a chiral conjugate base of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst has been demonstrated in an SN1 type substitution reaction of a racemic ferrocenyl derivative with a nitrogen nucleophile. The present method provides efficient access to a ferrocenylethylamine derivative in a highly enantioselective manner, which is potentially useful as a key precursor of chiral ligands for metal catalysis. The mechanism of the present intriguing resolution system was elucidated by control experiments using the enantio-pure precursor of relevant α-ferrocenyl cation intermediates and the hydroamination of vinylferrocene. Further theoretical studies enabled the elucidation of the origin of the stereochemical outcome as well as the efficient DPKR. The present DPKR, which opens a new frontier for kinetic resolution, involves the racemization process through the formation of vinylferrocene and the chemo-divergent parallel kinetic resolution of the enantiomeric α-ferrocenyl cations generated by the protonation/deprotonation sequence of vinylferrocene. The dynamic parallel kinetic resolution (DPKR) of an enantiomeric α-ferrocenyl cation using a chiral phosphate anion of an acid catalyst was accomplished by the combination of the PKR and the racemization through the formation of vinylferrocene.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Toda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan http://www.orgreact.sakura.ne.jp/en-index.html
| | - Toshinobu Korenaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
| | - Ren Obayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan http://www.orgreact.sakura.ne.jp/en-index.html
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan http://www.orgreact.sakura.ne.jp/en-index.html
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan http://www.orgreact.sakura.ne.jp/en-index.html
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Qiu Y, Yuan H, Zhang X, Zhang J. Insights into the Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Hydroamination of Racemic Allenes: An Allyl Carbocation/Phosphate Pair Mechanism. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4121-4130. [PMID: 33617248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies of chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)-catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric hydroamination (DyKAH) of racemic allenes show that the reaction proceeds through a catalytic asymmetric model involving a highly reactive π-allylic carbocationic intermediate, generated from a racemic allene through an intermolecular proton transfer mediated by CPA, which also results in a high E/Z selectivity. Moreover, the distortion-interaction, atom in molecule, and electrostatic interaction analyses and space-filling models are employed on the basis of the DyKAH catalyzed by (S)-A5 (reaction 1) or (R)-A2 (reaction 2) to explain the high enantioselectivity and the controlling effects of SPINOL scaffolds on the signs of enantioselectivity. Our calculations indicate that the enantioselectivity of reactions 1 and 2 can be mainly ascribed to the favorable noncovalent interactions within the stronger chiral electrostatic environment created by the phosphoric acid in the preferential transition states. Finally, the effect of (S/R)-SPINOL-based CPAs on the signs of enantioselectivity can be explained by the different combination modes of substrates into the chiral binding pocket of the catalyst controlled by the chirality of SPINOL backbones. Overall, the new insights into the reaction rationalize the outcome and these key factors that affect the product enantioselectivity are important to guide the DyKAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Qiu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Wang J, Zheng S, Rajkumar S, Xie J, Yu N, Peng Q, Yang X. Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed stereodivergent synthesis of trisubstituted allenes and computational mechanistic studies. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5527. [PMID: 33139734 PMCID: PMC7608664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral molecules with multiple stereocenters are widely present in natural products and pharmaceuticals, whose absolute and relative configurations are both critically important for their physiological activities. In spite of the fact that a series of ingenious strategies have been developed for asymmetric diastereodivergent catalysis, most of these methods are limited to the divergent construction of point chirality. Here we report an enantioselective and diastereodivergent synthesis of trisubstituted allenes by asymmetric additions of oxazolones to activated 1,3-enynes enabled by chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalysis, where the divergence of the allenic axial stereogenicity is realized by modifications of CPA catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to elucidate the origin of diastereodivergence by the stacking- and stagger-form in the transition state (TS) of allene formation step, as well as to disclose a Münchnone-type activation mode of oxazolones under Brønsted acid catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Sujuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Subramani Rajkumar
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jinglei Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Na Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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