1
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Wang D, Hu W, Liu C, Huang J, Zhang X. Electronic Tuning of Photoexcited Dynamics in Heteroleptic Cu(I) Complex Photosensitizers. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10137-10144. [PMID: 37922426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcited dynamics of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes as noble-metal-free photosensitizers are closely intertwined with the nature of their ligands. By utilizing ultrafast optical and X-ray transient absorption spectroscopies, we characterized a new set of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes [Cu(PPh3)2(BPyR)]+ (R = CH3, H, Br to COOCH3), with an increase in the electron-withdrawing ability of the functional group (R). We found that after the transient photooxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II), the increasing electron-withdrawing ability of R barely affects the internal conversion (IC) (e.g., Jahn-taller (JT) distortion) between singlet MLCT states. However, it does accelerate the dynamics of intersystem crossing (ISC) between singlet and triplet MLCT states and the subsequent decay from the triplet MLCT state to the ground state. The associated lifetime constants are reduced by up to 300%. Our understanding of the photoexcited dynamics in heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes through ligand electronic tuning provides valuable insight into the rational design of efficient Cu(I) complex photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, 53201, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, 53201, United States
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60349, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, 53201, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60349, United States
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2
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Velasco L, Liu C, Zhang X, Grau S, Gil-Sepulcre M, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Picón A, Llobet A, DeBeer S, Moonshiram D. Mapping the Ultrafast Mechanistic Pathways of Co Photocatalysts in Pure Water through Time-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300719. [PMID: 37548998 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanosecond time-resolved X-ray (tr-XAS) and optical transient absorption spectroscopy (OTA) are applied to study 3 multimolecular photocatalytic systems with [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ photoabsorber, ascorbic acid electron donor and Co catalysts with methylene (1), hydroxomethylene (2) and methyl (3) amine substituents in pure water. OTA and tr-XAS of 1 and 2 show that the favored catalytic pathway involves reductive quenching of the excited photosensitizer and electron transfer to the catalyst to form a CoII square pyramidal intermediate with a bonded aqua molecule followed by a CoI square planar derivative that decays within ≈8 μs. By contrast, a CoI square pyramidal intermediate with a longer decay lifetime of ≈35 μs is formed from an analogous CoII geometry for 3 in H2 O. These results highlight the protonation of CoI to form the elusive hydride species to be the rate limiting step and show that the catalytic rate can be enhanced through hydrogen containing pendant amines that act as H-H bond formation proton relays.
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Grants
- RYC2020-029863-I Ramon y Cajal grant
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC-ICMM)
- PIE grant
- 20226AT001 CSIC-ICMM
- PID2019-111086RA-I00 Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades grants
- TED2021-132757B-I00 Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades grants
- PID2022-143013OB-I00 Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades grants
- DE-AC02-06CH11357 DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
- PID2021-126560NB-I00 DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
- 2017-T1/IND-5432 MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE
- 2021-5A/IND-20959 MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE
- Comunidad de Madrid through TALENTO program
- Max Planck Society
- RYC2019-027423-I Ramon y Cajal grant
- PID2019-111617RB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- SO-CEX2019-000925-S Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000110 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Advanced Photon Source (APS); a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility
- DE-AC02-06CH11357 Argonne National Laboratory
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Velasco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont IL, 60439, U.S.A
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont IL, 60439, U.S.A
| | - Sergi Grau
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Picón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Appleby MV, Cowin RA, Ivalo II, Peralta-Arriaga SL, Robertson CC, Bartlett S, Fitzpatrick A, Dent A, Karras G, Diaz-Moreno S, Chekulaev D, Weinstein JA. Ultrafast electronic, infrared, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Cu(I) phosphine diimine complexes. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:391-410. [PMID: 37415486 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to understand the role of the transient bonding in the interplay between the structural and electronic changes in heteroleptic Cu(I) diimine diphosphine complexes. This is an emerging class of photosensitisers which absorb in the red region of the spectrum, whilst retaining a sufficiently long excited state lifetime. Here, the dynamics of these complexes are explored by transient absorption (TA) and time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy, which reveal ultrafast intersystem crossing and structural distortion occurring. Two potential mechanisms affecting excited state decay in these complexes involve a transient formation of a solvent adduct, made possible by the opening up of the Cu coordination centre in the excited state due to structural distortion, and by a transient coordination of the O-atom of the phosphine ligand to the copper center. X-ray absorption studies of the ground electronic state have been conducted as a prerequisite for the upcoming X-ray spectroscopy studies which will directly determine structural dynamics. The potential for these complexes to be used in bimolecular applications is confirmed by a significant yield of singlet oxygen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin V Appleby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Rory A Cowin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Iona I Ivalo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | | | - Craig C Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Stuart Bartlett
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Ann Fitzpatrick
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Andrew Dent
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Gabriel Karras
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Sofia Diaz-Moreno
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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4
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Wang JW, Zhang X, Velasco L, Karnahl M, Li Z, Luo ZM, Huang Y, Yu J, Hu W, Zhang X, Yamauchi K, Sakai K, Moonshiram D, Ouyang G. Precious-Metal-Free CO 2 Photoreduction Boosted by Dynamic Coordinative Interaction between Pyridine-Tethered Cu(I) Sensitizers and a Co(II) Catalyst. JACS AU 2023; 3:1984-1997. [PMID: 37502157 PMCID: PMC10369415 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Improving the photocatalytic efficiency of a fully noble-metal-free system for CO2 reduction remains a fundamental challenge, which can be accomplished by facilitating electron delivery as a consequence of exploiting intermolecular interactions. Herein, we have designed two Cu(I) photosensitizers with different pyridyl pendants at the phenanthroline moiety to enable dynamic coordinative interactions between the sensitizers and a cobalt macrocyclic catalyst. Compared to the parent Cu(I) photosensitizer, one of the pyridine-tethered derivatives boosts the apparent quantum yield up to 76 ± 6% at 425 nm for selective (near 99%) CO2-to-CO conversion. This value is nearly twice that of the parent system with no pyridyl pendants (40 ± 5%) and substantially surpasses the record (57%) of the noble-metal-free systems reported so far. This system also realizes a maximum turnover number of 11 800 ± 1400. In contrast, another Cu(I) photosensitizer, in which the pyridine substituents are directly linked to the phenanthroline moiety, is inactive. The above behavior and photocatalytic mechanism are systematically elucidated by transient fluorescence, transient absorption, transient X-ray absorption spectroscopies, and quantum chemical calculations. This work highlights the advantage of constructing coordinative interactions to fine-tune the electron transfer processes within noble-metal-free systems for CO2 photoreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu
University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Lucia Velasco
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz,
3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Department
of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Zizi Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Luo
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yanjun Huang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jin Yu
- X-ray Science
Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science
Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kosei Yamauchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu
University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken Sakai
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu
University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz,
3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Chemistry
College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical
Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
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5
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Beaudelot J, Oger S, Peruško S, Phan TA, Teunens T, Moucheron C, Evano G. Photoactive Copper Complexes: Properties and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16365-16609. [PMID: 36350324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalyzed and photosensitized chemical processes have seen growing interest recently and have become among the most active areas of chemical research, notably due to their applications in fields such as medicine, chemical synthesis, material science or environmental chemistry. Among all homogeneous catalytic systems reported to date, photoactive copper(I) complexes have been shown to be especially attractive, not only as alternative to noble metal complexes, and have been extensively studied and utilized recently. They are at the core of this review article which is divided into two main sections. The first one focuses on an exhaustive and comprehensive overview of the structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties of mononuclear copper(I) complexes, typical examples highlighting the most critical structural parameters and their impact on the properties being presented to enlighten future design of photoactive copper(I) complexes. The second section is devoted to their main areas of application (photoredox catalysis of organic reactions and polymerization, hydrogen production, photoreduction of carbon dioxide and dye-sensitized solar cells), illustrating their progression from early systems to the current state-of-the-art and showcasing how some limitations of photoactive copper(I) complexes can be overcome with their high versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Beaudelot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Oger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefano Peruško
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tuan-Anh Phan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Titouan Teunens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000Mons, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Tran JH, Traber P, Seidler B, Görls H, Gräfe S, Schulz M. Ligand‐Induced Donor State Destabilisation – A New Route to Panchromatically Absorbing Cu(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200121. [PMID: 35263478 PMCID: PMC9315043 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intense absorption of light to covering a large part of the visible spectrum is highly desirable for solar energy conversion schemes. To this end, we have developed novel anionic bis(4H‐imidazolato)Cu(I) complexes (cuprates), which feature intense, panchromatic light absorption properties throughout the visible spectrum and into the NIR region with extinction coefficients up to 28,000 M−1 cm−1. Steady‐state absorption, (spectro)electrochemical and theoretical investigations reveal low energy (Vis to NIR) metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer absorption bands, which are a consequence of destabilized copper‐based donor states. These high‐lying copper‐based states are induced by the σ‐donation of the chelating anionic ligands, which also feature low energy acceptor states. The optical properties are reflected in very low, copper‐based oxidation potentials and three ligand‐based reduction events. These electronic features reveal a new route to panchromatically absorbing Cu(I) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H. Tran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Bianca Seidler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstr. 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (Fraunhofer IOF) Albert-Einstein-Str.7 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT) Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
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7
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Vogt M, Smolentsev G. Time‐Resolved X‐Ray Spectroscopy to Study Luminophores with Relevance for OLEDs. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Vogt
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften II, Institut für Chemie Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Grigory Smolentsev
- Energy and Environment Research Division Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen-PSI Switzerland
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8
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Guda A, Windisch J, Probst B, van Bokhoven JA, Alberto R, Nachtegaal M, Chen LX, Smolentsev G. Excited-state structure of copper phenanthroline-based photosensitizers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26729-26736. [PMID: 34842872 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02823e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu diimine complexes present a noble metal free alternative to classical Ru, Re, Ir and Pt based photosensitizers in solution photochemistry, photoelectrochemical or dye-sensitized solar cells. Optimization of these dyes requires understanding of factors governing the key photochemical properties: excited state lifetime and emission quantum yield. The involvement of exciplex formation in the deactivation of the photoexcited state is a key question. We investigate the excited-state structure of [Cu(dmp)2]+ and [Cu(dsbtmp)2]+ (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dsbtmp = 2,9-di-sec-butyl-3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) using pump-probe X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and DFT. Features of XAS that distinguish flattened tetrahedral site and 5-coordinated geometry with an additional solvent near Cu(II) center are identified. Pump-probe XAS demonstrates that for both complexes the excited state is 4-coordinated. For [Cu(dmp)2]+ the exciplex is 0.24 eV higher in energy than the flattened triplet state, therefore it can be involved in deactivation pathways as a non-observable state that forms slower than it decays. For [Cu(dsbtmp)2]+ the excited-state structure is characterized by Cu-N distances of 1.98 and 2.07 Å and minor distortions, leading to a 3 orders of magnitude longer excited-state lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Johannes Windisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | | | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne 60439, IL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston 60208, IL, USA
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9
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Zi X, Liu C, Lu W, Huang J, Zhang J, Zhang B, Du C. Luminescent mono‐and dinuclear copper(I) complexes based on bulky bisphosphino‐substituted benzimidazole derivatives. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zi
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Wen Lu
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Juan Huang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Chenxia Du
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
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10
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Doettinger F, Yang Y, Schmid MA, Frey W, Karnahl M, Tschierlei S. Cross-Coupled Phenyl- and Alkynyl-Based Phenanthrolines and Their Effect on the Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Heteroleptic Cu(I) Photosensitizers. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5391-5401. [PMID: 33764043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the aims of increasing the antenna system and improving the photophysical properties of Cu(I)-based photosensitizers, the backbone of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline was selectively extended in the 5,6-position. Applying specifically tailored Suzuki-Miyaura and "chemistry-on-the-complex" Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions enabled the development of two sets of structurally related diimine ligands with a broad variety of different phenyl- and alkynyl-based substituents. The resulting 11 novel heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes, including five solid-state structures, were studied with respect to their structure-property relationships. Both sets of substituents are able to red-shift the absorption maxima and to increase the absorptivity. For the alkynyl-based complexes, this is accompanied by a significant anodic shift of the reduction potentials. The phenyl-based substituents strongly influence the emission wavelength and quantum yield of the resulting Cu(I) complexes and lead to an increase in the emission lifetime of up to 504 ns, which clearly indicates competition with the benchmark system [(xantphos)Cu(bathocuproine)]PF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Doettinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yingya Yang
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marie-Ann Schmid
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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11
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Velasco L, Llanos L, Levín P, Vega A, Yu J, Zhang X, Lemus L, Aravena D, Moonshiram D. Structure and excited-state dynamics of dimeric copper(i) photosensitizers investigated by time-resolved X-ray and optical transient absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3656-3667. [PMID: 33527942 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray (tr-XAS) and optical transient absorption (OTA) spectroscopy in the picosecond time scale coupled with Density Functional theory (DFT) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) calculations are applied to study three homoleptic Cu(i) dimeric chromophores with ethyl and longer propyl spacers, denoted as [Cu2(mphenet)2]Cl2 (C1), [Cu2(mphenet)2](ClO4)2 (C2) and [Cu2(mphenpr)2](ClO4)2 (C3) (where mphenet = 1,2-bis(9-methyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)ethane and mphenpr = 1,3-bis(9-methyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)propane). Tr-XAS analysis after light illumination at ∼ 100 ps illustrate the formation of a flattened triplet excited state in all 3 complexes. Optical transient absorption (OTA) analysis for C1 monitored in water and C2 and C3 measured in acetonitrile reveals distinct excited-state lifetimes of 169 ps, 670 ps and 1600 ps respectively. These differences are associated to changes in the solvent (comparing C1 and C2) and the flexibility of the ligand to adapt after Cu flattening upon excitation (C2 and C3). Our results are important for the improved structural dynamics of these types of Cu-based dimeric compounds, and can guide the integration of these chromophores into more complex solar energy conversion schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Velasco
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Rentschler M, Iglesias S, Schmid MA, Liu C, Tschierlei S, Frey W, Zhang X, Karnahl M, Moonshiram D. The Coordination Behaviour of Cu I Photosensitizers Bearing Multidentate Ligands Investigated by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2020; 26:9527-9536. [PMID: 32162730 PMCID: PMC7496955 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A systematic series of four novel homo‐ and heteroleptic CuI photosensitizers based on tetradentate 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands of the type X^N^N^X containing two additional donor moieties in the 2,9‐position (X=SMe or OMe) were designed. Their solid‐state structures were assessed by X‐ray diffraction. Cyclic voltammetry, UV‐vis absorption, emission and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy were then used to determine their electrochemical, photophysical and structural features in solution. Following, time‐resolved X‐ray absorption spectroscopy in the picosecond time scale, coupled with time‐dependent density functional theory calculations, provided in‐depth information on the excited state electron configurations. For the first time, a significant shortening of the Cu−X distance and a change in the coordination mode to a pentacoordinated geometry is shown in the excited states of the two homoleptic complexes. These findings are important with respect to a precise understanding of the excited state structures and a further stabilization of this type of photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rentschler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sirma Iglesias
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie-Ann Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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