1
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Shen Z, Yang Y, Li Y, Cheng X, Zhang H, Zou X, Qiu M, Huang H, Pan H, Xia Q, Ge Z, Cao Y, Gao J, Wang Y. Titanium carbide sealed cadmium sulfide quantum dots on carbon, oxygen-doped boron nitride for enhanced and durable photochemical carbon dioxide reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:443-451. [PMID: 38537590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite great efforts that have been made, photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction still faces enormous challenges due to the sluggish kinetics or disadvantageous thermodynamics. Herein, cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) were loaded onto carbon, oxygen-doped boron nitride (BN) and encapsulated by titanium carbide (Ti3C2, MXene) layers to construct a ternary composite. The uniform distribution of CdS QDs and the tight interfacial interaction among the three components could be achieved by adjusting the loading amounts of CdS QDs and MXene. The ternary 100MX/CQ/BN sample gave a productive rate of 2.45 and 0.44 μmol g-1 h-1 for carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4), respectively. This CO yield is 1.93 and 6.13 times higher than that of CdS QDs/BN and BN counterparts. The photocatalytic durability of the ternary composite is significantly improved compared with CdS QDs/BN because MXene can protect CdS from photocorrosion. The characterization results demonstrate that the excellent CO2 adsorption and activation capabilities of BN, the visible light absorption of CdS QDs, the good conductivity of MXene and the well-matched energy band alignment jointly promote the photocatalytic performance of the ternary catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfeng Shen
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuji Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Xiaohua Cheng
- Hangzhou Perfect Purity Installation Company Limited, Hangzhou 311404, China.
| | - Huayang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Xuhui Zou
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Hong Huang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Hu Pan
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Qineng Xia
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Zhigang Ge
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yongyong Cao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
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Olowoyo JO, Gharahshiran VS, Zeng Y, Zhao Y, Zheng Y. Atomic/molecular layer deposition strategies for enhanced CO 2 capture, utilisation and storage materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5428-5488. [PMID: 38682880 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels have raised profound concerns regarding the resulting consequences of global climate change and the future supply of energy. Hence, the reduction and transformation of CO2 not only mitigates environmental pollution but also generates value-added chemicals, providing a dual remedy to address both energy and environmental challenges. Despite notable advancements, the low conversion efficiency of CO2 remains a major obstacle, largely attributed to its inert chemical nature. It is imperative to engineer catalysts/materials that exhibit high conversion efficiency, selectivity, and stability for CO2 transformation. With unparalleled precision at the atomic level, atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) methods utilize various strategies, including ultrathin modification, overcoating, interlayer coating, area-selective deposition, template-assisted deposition, and sacrificial-layer-assisted deposition, to synthesize numerous novel metal-based materials with diverse structures. These materials, functioning as active materials, passive materials or modifiers, have contributed to the enhancement of catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, effectively addressing the challenges linked to CO2 transformation. Herein, this review focuses on ALD and MLD's role in fabricating materials for electro-, photo-, photoelectro-, and thermal catalytic CO2 reduction, CO2 capture and separation, and electrochemical CO2 sensing. Significant emphasis is dedicated to the ALD and MLD designed materials, their crucial role in enhancing performance, and exploring the relationship between their structures and catalytic activities for CO2 transformation. Finally, this comprehensive review presents the summary, challenges and prospects for ALD and MLD-designed materials for CO2 transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O Olowoyo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Vahid Shahed Gharahshiran
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Yimin Zeng
- Natural Resources Canada - CanmetMaterials, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
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Zhang P, Li N, Li L, Yu Y, Tuerhong R, Su X, Zhang B, Han L, Han Y. g-C 3N 4-Based Photocatalytic Materials for Converting CO 2 Into Energy: A Review. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400075. [PMID: 38822681 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution management and renewable energy development are humanity's biggest issues in the 21st century. The rise in atmospheric CO2, which has surpassed 400 parts per million, has stimulated research on CO2 reduction and conversion methods. Presently, photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to valuable hydrocarbons enables the transformation of solar energy into chemical energy and offers a novel avenue for energy conversion while regulating the greenhouse effect. This is an ideal strategy for simultaneously addressing environmental issues and the energy crisis. Photocatalysts are essential to photocatalytic processes. Photocatalyst is the core of photocatalytic technology, and graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted much attention because of its nonmetallic characteristics, and it has the characteristics of low cost, tunable electronic structure, easy manufacture and strong reducibility. However, its activity is not only affected by external reaction conditions, but also by the band gap structure, physical and chemical stability, surface morphology and specific surface area of the photocatalyst it. In this paper, the application progress of g-C3N4-based photocatalytic materials in CO2 reduction is reviewed, and the modification strategies of g-C3N4-based catalysts to obtain better catalytic efficiency and selectivity in CO2 photocatalytic reduction are summarized, and the future development of this material is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Longjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Yongchong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Reyila Tuerhong
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China
| | - Lijuan Han
- Gansu Natural Energy Institute, Gansu Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730046, P.R.China
| | - Yuqi Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, He Xi University, No.846 North Circle Road, Zhangye, 734000, P.R.China
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Rana S, Kumar A, Sharma G, Dhiman P, García-Penas A, Stadler FJ. Recent advances in perovskite-based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139765. [PMID: 37562504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic rise in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere caused by the continuous use of carbon fuels continues to have a significant impact on environmental degradation and the disappearance of energy reserves. Past few years have seen a significant increase in the interest in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction because of its ability to lower CO2 releases from the burning of fossil fuels while also producing fuels and important chemical products. Because of their excellent catalytic efficiency, great uniformity, lengthy charge diffusion layers and texture flexibility that enable accurate band gap and band line optimization, perovskite-based nanomaterials are perhaps the most advantageous among the numerous semiconductors proficient in accelerating CO2 conversion under visible light. Firstly, a brief insight into photocatalytic CO2 conversion mechanism and structural features of perovskites are discussed. Further the classification and selection of perovskites for Z and S-scheme heterojunctions and their role in photocatalytic CO2 reduction analysed. The efficient modification and engineering of heterojunctions via co-catalyst loading, morphology control and vacancy introduction have been comprehensively reviewed. Third, the state-of-the-art achievements of perovskite-based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions are systematically summarized and discussed. Finally, the challenges, bottlenecks and future perspectives are discussed to provide a pathway for applying perovskite-based heterojunctions for solar-to-chemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Rana
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University , 173229, Solan, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University , 173229, Solan, India; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University , 173229, Solan, India; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University , 173229, Solan, India
| | - Alberto García-Penas
- Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911, Legan'es, Spain
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
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5
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Kim JY, Youn DH. Nanomaterials for Advanced Photocatalytic Plastic Conversion. Molecules 2023; 28:6502. [PMID: 37764278 PMCID: PMC10536819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the disposal of waste plastic emerges as a societal problem, photocatalytic waste plastic conversion is attracting significant attention. Ultimately, for a sustainable future, the development of an eco-friendly plastic conversion technology is essential for breaking away from the current plastic use environment. Compared to conventional methods, photocatalysis can be a more environmentally friendly option for waste plastic reprocessing because it uses sunlight as an energy source under ambient temperature and pressure. In addition to this, waste plastics can be upcycled (i.e., converted into useful chemicals or fuels) to enhance their original value via photocatalytic methods. Among various strategies for improving the efficiency of the photocatalytic method, nanomaterials have played a pivotal role in suppressing charge recombination. Hence, in recent years, attempts have been made to introduce nanomaterials/nanostructures into photocatalytic plastic conversion on the basis of advances in material-based studies using simple photocatalysts. In line with this trend, the present review examines the nanomaterials/nanostructures that have been recently developed for photocatalytic plastic conversion and discusses the direction of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Hyun Youn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Integrative Engineering for Hydrogen Safety, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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6
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Sundar D, Liu CH, Anandan S, Wu JJ. Photocatalytic CO 2 Conversion into Solar Fuels Using Carbon-Based Materials-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5383. [PMID: 37513259 PMCID: PMC10385390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon materials with elusive 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures and high surface area provide certain emerging applications in electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO2 utilization. Since carbon possesses high electrical conductivity, it expels the photogenerated electrons from the catalytic surface and can tune the photocatalytic activity in the visible-light region. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of pristine carbon is comparatively low due to the high recombination of photogenerated carriers. Thus, supporting carbon materials, such as graphene, CNTs (Carbon nanotubes), g-C3N4, MWCNs (Multiwall carbon nanotubes), conducting polymers, and its other simpler forms like activated carbon, nanofibers, nanosheets, and nanoparticles, are usually combined with other metal and non-metal nanocomposites to increase the CO2 absorption and conversion. In addition, carbon-based materials with transition metals and organometallic complexes are also commonly used as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. This review focuses on developing efficient carbon-based nanomaterials for the photoconversion of CO2 into solar fuels. It is concluded that MWCNs are one of the most used materials as supporting materials for CO2 reduction. Due to the multi-layered morphology, multiple reflections will occur within the layers, thus enhancing light harvesting. In particular, stacked nanostructured hollow sphere morphologies can also help the metal doping from corroding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Sundar
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hua Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Trichy 620015, India
| | - Jerry J Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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Zhai R, Zhang L, Gu M, Zhao X, Zhang B, Cheng Y, Zhang J. A Review of Phosphorus Structures as CO 2 Reduction Photocatalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207840. [PMID: 36775943 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) reduction into high-value-added chemicals is promising to mitigate current energy crisis and global warming issues. Finding effective photocatalysts is crucial for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Currently, metal-based semiconductors for photocatalytic CO2 reduction have been well reviewed, while review of nonmetal-based semiconductors is almost limited to carbon nitrides. Phosphorus is a promising nonmetal photocatalysts with various allotropes and tunable band gaps, which has been demonstrated to be promising non-metallic photocatalysts. However, no systematic review about phosphorus structures for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions has been reported. Herein, the progresses of phosphorus structures as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction are reviewed. The fundamentals of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, corresponding properties of phosphorus allotropes, photocatalysts with phosphorus doping or phosphorus-containing ligands, research progress of phosphorus allotropes as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction have been reviewed in this paper. The future research and perspective of phosphorus structures for photocatalytic CO2 reduction are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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Mao X, Guo R, Chen Q, Zhu H, Li H, Yan Z, Guo Z, Wu T. Recent Advances in Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Electro-Catalysts for CO 2 Reduction Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083292. [PMID: 37110526 PMCID: PMC10146859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction is an effective means of combating the greenhouse effect caused by massive carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon nitride in the graphitic phase (g-C3N4) has excellent chemical stability and unique structural properties that allow it to be widely used in energy and materials fields. However, due to its relatively low electrical conductivity, to date, little effort has been made to summarize the application of g-C3N4 in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. This review focuses on the synthesis and functionalization of g-C3N4 and the recent advances of its application as a catalyst and a catalyst support in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. The modification of g-C3N4-based catalysts for enhanced CO2 reduction is critically reviewed. In addition, opportunities for future research on g-C3N4-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Mao
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Ruitang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Quhan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Huiwen Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Hongzhe Li
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zijun Yan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zeyu Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
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Fan K, Chen Q, Zhao J, Liu Y. Preparation of MnO 2-Carbon Materials and Their Applications in Photocatalytic Water Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:541. [PMID: 36770501 PMCID: PMC9921467 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution is one of the most important problems in the field of environmental protection in the whole world, and organic pollution is a critical one for wastewater pollution problems. How to solve the problem effectively has triggered a common concern in the area of environmental protection nowadays. Around this problem, scientists have carried out a lot of research; due to the advantages of high efficiency, a lack of secondary pollution, and low cost, photocatalytic technology has attracted more and more attention. In the past, MnO2 was seldom used in the field of water pollution treatment due to its easy agglomeration and low catalytic activity at low temperatures. With the development of carbon materials, it was found that the composite of carbon materials and MnO2 could overcome the above defects, and the composite had good photocatalytic performance, and the research on the photocatalytic performance of MnO2-carbon materials has gradually become a research hotspot in recent years. This review covers recent progress on MnO2-carbon materials for photocatalytic water treatment. We focus on the preparation methods of MnO2 and different kinds of carbon material composites and the application of composite materials in the removal of phenolic compounds, antibiotics, organic dyes, and heavy metal ions in water. Finally, we present our perspective on the challenges and future research directions of MnO2-carbon materials in the field of environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fan
- Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- Ecological and Environmental Protection Company, China South-to-North Water Diversion Corporation Limited, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Hayat A, Sohail M, Anwar U, Taha TA, Qazi HIA, Amina, Ajmal Z, Al-Sehemi AG, Algarni H, Al-Ghamdi AA, Amin MA, Palamanit A, Nawawi WI, Newair EF, Orooji Y. A Targeted Review of Current Progress, Challenges and Future Perspective of g-C 3 N 4 based Hybrid Photocatalyst Toward Multidimensional Applications. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200143. [PMID: 36285706 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for searching highly efficient and robust technologies in the context of sustainable energy production totally rely onto the cost-effective energy efficient production technologies. Solar power technology in this regard will perceived to be extensively employed in a variety of ways in the future ahead, in terms of the combustion of petroleum-based pollutants, CO2 reduction, heterogeneous photocatalysis, as well as the formation of unlimited and sustainable hydrogen gas production. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is regarded as potentially sustainable solution in this context. g-C3 N4 is classified as non-metallic semiconductor to overcome this energy demand and enviromental challenges, because of its superior electronic configuration, which has a median band energy of around 2.7 eV, strong photocatalytic stability, and higher light performance. The photocatalytic performance of g-C3 N4 is perceived to be inadequate, owing to its small surface area along with high rate of charge recombination. However, various synthetic strategies were applied in order to incorporate g-C3 N4 with different guest materials to increase photocatalytic performance. After these fabrication approaches, the photocatalytic activity was enhanced owing to generation of photoinduced electrons and holes, by improving light absorption ability, and boosting surface area, which provides more space for photocatalytic reaction. In this review, various metals, non-metals, metals oxide, sulfides, and ferrites have been integrated with g-C3 N4 to form mono, bimetallic, heterojunction, Z-scheme, and S-scheme-based materials for boosting performance. Also, different varieties of g-C3 N4 were utilized for different aspects of photocatalytic application i. e., water reduction, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, and photodegradation of dye pollutants, etc. As a consequence, we have assembled a summary of the latest g-C3 N4 based materials, their uses in solar energy adaption, and proper management of the environment. This research will further well explain the detail of the mechanism of all these photocatalytic processes for the next steps, as well as the age number of new insights in order to overcome the current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Hayat
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, PR, China.,College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P.R. China
| | - Usama Anwar
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - T A Taha
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt
| | - H I A Qazi
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Amina
- Department of Physics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xian, PR China
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Adv. Mater. Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Algarni
- Research Center for Adv. Mater. Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arkom Palamanit
- Energy Technol. Program, Department of Specialized Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - W I Nawawi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, 02600, Arau Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Emad F Newair
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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11
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Li CF, Guo RT, Wu T, Pan WG. Progress and perspectives on 1D nanostructured catalysts applied in photo(electro)catalytic reduction of CO 2. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16033-16064. [PMID: 36300511 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reducing CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels by artificial photosynthesis (photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis) is one of the considerable solutions to global environmental and energy issues. One-dimensional (1D) nanostructured catalysts (nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes and so on.) have attracted extensive attention due to their superior light-harvesting ability, co-catalyst loading capacity, and high carrier separation rate. This review analyzed the basic principle of the photo(electro)catalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) briefly. The preparation methods and properties of 1D nanostructured catalysts are introduced. Next, the applications of 1D nanostructured catalysts in the field of photo(electro)catalytic CO2 RR are introduced in detail. In particular, we introduced the design of composite catalysts with 1D nanostructures, for example loading 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D materials on a 1D nanostructured semiconductor to construct a heterojunction to optimize the photo-response range, carrier separation and transport efficiency, CO2 adsorption and activation capacity, and stability of the catalyst. Finally, the development prospects of 1D nanostructured catalysts are discussed and summarized. This review can provide guidance for the rational design of advanced catalysts for photo(electro)catalytic CO2 RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Fan Li
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui-Tang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Power Generation Environment Protection, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Guo Pan
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Power Generation Environment Protection, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
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12
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Lin X, Ng SF, Ong WJ. Coordinating single-atom catalysts on two-dimensional nanomaterials: A paradigm towards bolstered photocatalytic energy conversion. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Polymeric Carbon Nitride-based Single Atom Photocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to C1 Products. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Chen M, Li M, Lee SLJ, Zhao X, Lin S. Constructing novel graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposites - From the perspective of material dimensions and interfacial characteristics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134889. [PMID: 35551931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a fascinating metal-free conjugated polymer, has garnered immense interest in the fields of solar power generation and environmental remediation. The construction of g-C3N4-based nanocomposites with materials of various dimensions can further improve their photocatalytic activities by surface area enlargement, bandgap tuning, heterojunction formation, etc. In this paper, we comprehensively reviewed the design, synthesis, and functionalities of g-C3N4-based nanocomposites based on their applications in hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, and pollutants removal. We provided detailed analyses on the integration of 2D g-C3N4 with zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional materials with a focus on their interfacial characteristics and functional improvement. This review aims to stimulate fresh ideas on the interfacial engineering of g-C3N4-based nanocomposites to broaden their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Mengxue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Stephanie Ling Jie Lee
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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15
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Lu Q, Eid K, Li W. Heteroatom-Doped Porous Carbon-Based Nanostructures for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142379. [PMID: 35889603 PMCID: PMC9316151 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The continual rise of the CO2 concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere is the foremost reason for environmental concerns such as global warming, ocean acidification, rising sea levels, and the extinction of various species. The electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) is a promising green and efficient approach for converting CO2 to high-value-added products such as alcohols, acids, and chemicals. Developing efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts is the main barrier to scaling up CO2RR for large-scale applications. Heteroatom-doped porous carbon-based (HA-PCs) catalysts are deemed as green, efficient, low-cost, and durable electrocatalysts for the CO2RR due to their great physiochemical and catalytic merits (i.e., great surface area, electrical conductivity, rich electrical density, active sites, inferior H2 evolution activity, tailorable structures, and chemical–physical–thermal stability). They are also easily synthesized in a high yield from inexpensive and earth-abundant resources that meet sustainability and large-scale requirements. This review emphasizes the rational synthesis of HA-PCs for the CO2RR rooting from the engineering methods of HA-PCs to the effect of mono, binary, and ternary dopants (i.e., N, S, F, or B) on the CO2RR activity and durability. The effect of CO2 on the environment and human health, in addition to the recent advances in CO2RR fundamental pathways and mechanisms, are also discussed. Finally, the evolving challenges and future perspectives on the development of heteroatom-doped porous carbon-based nanocatalysts for the CO2RR are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Lu
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Q.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Kamel Eid
- Gas Processing Center (GPC), College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence:
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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16
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Tavakoli-Azar T, Mahjoub A, Seyed Sadjadi M, Ghaznavi-Ghoushchi M. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZrO2-CdZrO3-S nanocomposites for degradation of Crystal Violet dye under sunlight. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Xue Y, Wang X, Liang Z, Zhang X, Tian J. The fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride hollow nanocages with semi-metal 1T' phase molybdenum disulfide as co-catalysts for excellent photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:1229-1237. [PMID: 34749134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Improving the efficiency of photogenerated carrier separation is essential for photocatalytic N2 fixation. Herein, the 2D semi-metal 1T'-MoS2 was uniformly distributed in g-C3N4 nanocages (CNNCs) by a hydrothermal method, and the 1T'-MoS2/CNNC composite was obtained. 1T'-MoS2 as a co-catalyst can promote the transfer of electrons, improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers, and also increase the number of effective active sites. In addition, the unique nanocage morphology of CNNCs is conducive to the scattering and reflection of incident light and improves the light absorption capacity. Therefore, the optimized 1T'-MoS2/CNNC composite (5 wt%) shows a significantly improved photocatalytic N2 fixation rate (9.8 mmol L-1 h-1 g-1) and good stability, which is significantly higher than pure CNNCs (2.9 mmol L-1 h-1 g-1), Pt/CNNC (8.2 mmol L-1 h-1 g-1) and Pt/g-C3N4 nanosheet (CNNS, 6.3 mmol L-1 h-1 g-1). This work guides guidance for the design of green and efficient N2 fixation photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhangqian Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
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18
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Yu M, Liu C, Sun X, Lu J, Niu J. Understanding of the Dual Roles of Phosphorus in Atomically Distributed Fe/Co-N 4P 2 over Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Debromination from Tetrabromobisphenol A. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5376-5383. [PMID: 35067046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed Fe and Co on carbon nitride under an external phosphine (PH3) atmosphere (P-Fe1Co1/CN) are prepared. Combined with the results of calculations and experiments, the formed P-induced bimetallic single atoms of Fe/Co-N4P2 can provide more reactive sites to enhance optical performance. Meanwhile, the introduced P can coordinate with Fe and Co and change the sole nitrogen coordination environment via the bridging effect. Herein, on the one hand, the structure of Fe-P-Co enhances interactions of single atoms in heterogeneous metals, and, on the other hand, the formed Fe/Co-N4P2 effectively changes the electron configuration in coordination centers. All of the abovementioned findings can enhance the photocatalytic performance of P-Fe1Co1/CN, achieving 96% removal and 51% debromination rates from tetrabromobisphenol A under visible light irradiation. The two efficiencies can be further improved under UV-vis light irradiation. The findings of this work reveal the dual roles of P in bimetallic single-atom catalysts, provide a facile method to synthesize P-assisted bimetal single-atom photocatalysts, and highlight the great potential of carbon nitride-based single atoms as photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Yu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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19
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Wang H, Li X, Zhao X, Li C, Song X, Zhang P, Huo P, Li X. A review on heterogeneous photocatalysis for environmental remediation: From semiconductors to modification strategies. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Li N, Yang Y, Shi Z, Lan Z, Arramel A, Zhang P, Ong WJ, Jiang J, Lu J. Shedding light on the energy applications of emerging 2D hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites. iScience 2022; 25:103753. [PMID: 35128355 PMCID: PMC8803620 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique performance of the hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites (HOIPs) has attracted great attention because of their continuous exploration and breakthrough in a multitude of energy-related applications. However, the instability and lead-induced toxicity that arise in bulk perovskites are the two major challenges that impede their future commercialization process. To find a solution, a series of two-dimensional HOIPs (2D HOIPs) are investigated to prolong the device lifetime with highly efficient photoelectric conversion and energy storage. Herein, the recent advances of 2D HOIPs and their structural derivatives for the energy realms are summarized and discussed. The basic understanding of crystal structures, physicochemical properties, and growth mechanisms is presented. In addition, the current challenges and future directions to provide a roadmap for the development of next generation 2D HOIPs are prospected
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yufei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zuhao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhigao Lan
- Institute of New Materials & College of Physics and Telecommunications, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou 438000, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Arramel Arramel
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
| | - Jizhou Jiang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering & School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, P. R. China
- Corresponding author
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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21
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Li N, Wang X, Lu X, Zhang P, Ong WJ. Comprehensive Mechanism of CO 2 Electroreduction on Non-Noble Metal Single-Atom Catalysts of Mo 2 CS 2 -MXene. Chemistry 2021; 27:17900-17909. [PMID: 34714582 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a series of non-noble metal single-atom catalysts of Mo2 CS2 -MXene for CO2 reduction were systematically investigated by well-defined density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that nine types of transitional metal (TM) supported Mo2 CS2 (TM-Mo2 CS2 ) are very stable, while eight can effectively inhibit the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). After comprehensively comparing the changes of free energy for each pathway in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR), it is found that the products of TM-Mo2 CS2 are not completely CH4 . Furthermore, Cr-, Fe-, Co- and Ni-Mo2 CS2 are found to render excellent CO2 RR catalytic activity, and their limiting potentials are in the range of 0.245-0.304 V. In particular, Fe-Mo2 CS2 with a nitrogenase-like structure has the lowest limiting potential and the highest electrocatalytic activity. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations have also proven that these kinds of single-atom catalysts with robust performance could exist stably at room temperature. Therefore, these single TM atoms anchored on the surface of MXenes can be profiled as a promising catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Lu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon &, Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
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22
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Yu X, Ng SF, Putri LK, Tan LL, Mohamed AR, Ong WJ. Point-Defect Engineering: Leveraging Imperfections in Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) Photocatalysts toward Artificial Photosynthesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006851. [PMID: 33909946 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is a kind of ideal metal-free photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis. At present, pristine g-C3 N4 suffers from small specific surface area, poor light absorption at longer wavelengths, low charge migration rate, and a high recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which significantly limit its performance. Among a myriad of modification strategies, point-defect engineering, namely tunable vacancies and dopant introduction, is capable of harnessing the superb structural, textural, optical, and electronic properties of g-C3 N4 to acquire an ameliorated photocatalytic activity. In view of the burgeoning development in this pacey field, a timely review on the state-of-the-art advancement of point-defect engineering of g-C3 N4 is of vital significance to advance the solar energy conversion. Particularly, insights into the intriguing roles of point defects, the synthesis, characterizations, and the systematic control of point defects, as well as the versatile application of defective g-C3 N4 -based nanomaterials toward photocatalytic water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction and nitrogen fixation will be presented in detail. Lastly, this review will conclude with a balanced perspective on the technical and scientific hindrances and future prospects. Overall, it is envisioned that this review will open a new frontier to uncover novel functionalities of defective g-C3 N4 -based nanostructures in energy catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Yu
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Faye Ng
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Lutfi Kurnianditia Putri
- Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau, Pinang, 14300, Malaysia
| | - Lling-Lling Tan
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Mohamed
- Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau, Pinang, 14300, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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23
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Nasrallah H, Lyu P, Maurin G, El-Roz M. Highly efficient CO2 reduction under visible-light on non-covalent Ru⋯Re assembled photocatalyst: Evidence on the electron transfer mechanism. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Ng SF, Lau MYL, Ong WJ. Lithium-Sulfur Battery Cathode Design: Tailoring Metal-Based Nanostructures for Robust Polysulfide Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008654. [PMID: 33811420 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have a high specific energy capacity and density of 1675 mAh g-1 and 2670 Wh kg-1 , respectively, rendering them among the most promising successors for lithium-ion batteries. However, there are myriads of obstacles in the practical application and commercialization of Li-S batteries, including the low conductivity of sulfur and its discharge products (Li2 S/Li2 S2 ), volume expansion of sulfur electrode, and the polysulfide shuttle effect. Hence, immense attention has been devoted to rectifying these issues, of which the application of metal-based compounds (i.e., transition metal, metal phosphides, sulfides, oxides, carbides, nitrides, phosphosulfides, MXenes, hydroxides, and metal-organic frameworks) as sulfur hosts is profiled as a fascinating strategy to hinder the polysulfide shuttle effect stemming from the polar-polar interactions between the metal compounds and polysulfides. This review encompasses the fundamental electrochemical principles of Li-S batteries and insights into the interactions between the metal-based compounds and the polysulfides, with emphasis on the intimate structure-activity relationship corroborated with theoretical calculations. Additionally, the integration of conductive carbon-based materials to ameliorate the existing adsorptive abilities of the metal-based compound is systematically discussed. Lastly, the challenges and prospects toward the smart design of catalysts for the future development of practical Li-S batteries are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Faye Ng
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Yu Ling Lau
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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25
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Lin X, Xie Z, Su B, Zheng M, Dai W, Hou Y, Ding Z, Lin W, Fang Y, Wang S. Well-defined Co 9S 8 cages enable the separation of photoexcited charges to promote visible-light CO 2 reduction. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18070-18076. [PMID: 34677567 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04812k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploring affordable cocatalysts with high performance for boosting charge separation and CO2 activation is an effective strategy to reinforce CO2 photoreduction efficiency. Herein, well-defined Co9S8 cages are exploited as a nonprecious promoter for visible-light CO2 reduction. The Co9S8 cages are prepared via a multistep strategy with ZIF-67 particles as the precursor and fully characterized by physicochemical techniques. The hollow Co9S8 cocatalyst with a high surface area and profuse catalytically active centers is discovered to accelerate separation and transfer of light-induced charges, and strengthen concentration and activation of CO2 molecules. In a hybrid photosensitized system, these Co9S8 cages efficiently promote the deoxygenative reduction of CO2 to generate CO, with a high yield rate of 35 μmol h-1 (i.e., 35 mmol h-1 g-1). Besides, this cocatalyst is also of high stability for the CO2 photoreduction reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the Ru(bpy)32+ photosensitizer is strongly absorbed on the Co9S8 (311) surface through forming four Co-C bonds, which can serve as the "bridges" to ensure quick electron transfer from the excited photosensitiser to the active Co9S8 cocatalyst, thus promoting the separation of photoexcited charges for ehannced CO2 reduction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Bo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Mei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Wenxin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yidong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zhengxin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Wang M, Wang M, Peng F, Sun X, Han J. Fabrication of g-C 3N 4 Nanosheets Anchored With Controllable CdS Nanoparticles for Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Performance. Front Chem 2021; 9:746031. [PMID: 34722457 PMCID: PMC8553295 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.746031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, g-C3N4/CdS hybrids with controllable CdS nanoparticles anchoring on g-C3N4 nanosheets were constructed. The effects of CdS nanoparticles on photocatalytic H2 production and organic molecule degradation for g-C3N4/CdS hybrids were investigated. The maximum rate of H2 production for g-C3N4/CdS sample was 1,070.9 μmol g−1 h−1, which was about four times higher than that of the individual g-C3N4 nanosheet sample. The enhanced photocatalytic performance for prepared hybrids could be mainly attributed to the following causes: the formed heterojunctions can contribute to the light absorption and separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, the two-dimensional layered structure facilitates the transmission and transfer of electrons, and high specific surface area could provide more exposed active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggui Wang
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Grupe M, Boden P, Di Martino‐Fumo P, Gui X, Bruschi C, Israil R, Schmitt M, Nieger M, Gerhards M, Klopper W, Riehn C, Bizzarri C, Diller R. Time-Resolved Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure of Mono-and Dinuclear Pyridyl-Triazole/DPEPhos-Based Cu(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:15251-15270. [PMID: 34550622 PMCID: PMC8597052 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of the mononuclear photosensitizers [(DPEPhos)Cu(I)(MPyrT)]0/+ (CuL, CuLH) and their dinuclear analogues (Cu2 L', Cu2 L'H2 ), backed by (TD)DFT and high-level GW-Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations, exemplifies the complex influence of charge, nuclearity and structural flexibility on UV-induced photophysical pathways. Ultrafast transient absorption and step-scan FTIR spectroscopy reveal flattening distortion in the triplet state of CuLH as controlled by charge, which also appears to have a large impact on the symmetry of the long-lived triplet states in Cu2 L' and Cu2 L'H2 . Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy (solid state), supported by transient photodissociation spectroscopy (gas phase), confirm a lifetime of some tens of μs for the respective triplet states, as well as the energetics of thermally activated delayed luminescence, both being essential parameters for application of these materials based on earth-abundant copper in photocatalysis and luminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merten Grupe
- Department of PhysicsTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Patrick Di Martino‐Fumo
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Xin Gui
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Cecilia Bruschi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Roumany Israil
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Marcel Schmitt
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA.I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
- Research Center OPTIMASErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Christoph Riehn
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
- Research Center OPTIMASErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Rolf Diller
- Department of PhysicsTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
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Lin S, Ng SF, Ong WJ. Life cycle assessment of environmental impacts associated with oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuels catalyzed by metal-free reduced graphene oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117677. [PMID: 34273765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the environmental impacts of the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process catalyzed by metal-free reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through life cycle assessment (LCA). The environmental impacts study containing the rGO production process, the ODS process, the comparison of different oxidants and solvents was developed. This study was performed by using ReCiPe 2016 V1.03 Hierarchist midpoint as well as endpoint approach and SimaPro software. For the production of 1 kg rGO, the results showed that hydrochloric acid (washing), sulfuric acid (mixing), hydrazine (reduction) and electricity were four main contributors in this process, and this process showed a significant impact on human health 14.21 Pt followed by ecosystem 0.845 Pt and resources 0.164 Pt. For the production of 1 kg desulfurized oil (400 ppm), main environmental impacts were terrestrial ecotoxicity (43.256 kg 1,4-DCB), global warming (41.058 kg CO2), human non-carcinogenic toxicity (19.570 kg 1,4-DCB) and fossil resource scarcity (13.178 kg oil), and the main contributors were electricity, diesel oil and acetonitrile. The whole ODS process also showed a greatest effect on human health. For two common oxidants hydrogen peroxide and oxygen used in ODS, hydrogen peroxide showed a greater impact than oxygen. On the other hand, for three common solvents employed in ODS, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone had a more serious impact on human health followed by acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide. As such, LCA results demonstrated the detailed environmental impacts originated from the catalytic ODS, hence elucidating systematic guidance for its future development toward practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Lin
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Faye Ng
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia; Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia; Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Wang R, Yang P, Wang S, Wang X. Distorted carbon nitride nanosheets with activated n → π* transition and preferred textural properties for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Du L, Chen Y, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Li L, Liu X, Tian G. Hierarchical Co 0.85 Se-CdSe/MoSe 2 /CdSe Sandwich-Like Heterostructured Cages for Efficient Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100412. [PMID: 34159750 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating efficient photocatalysts with rapid charge carrier separation and high visible light harvesting is an advisable strategy to improve CO2 reduction performance. Herein, hierarchical Co0.85 Se-CdSe/MoSe2 /CdSe cages with sandwich-like heterostructure are prepared to act as efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. In this study, the structure and composition of the final products can be regulated through the cation-exchange reaction in the presence of ascorbic acid. In the Co0.85 Se-CdSe/MoSe2 /CdSe cages, MoSe2 nanosheets function as a bridge to integrate Co0.85 Se-CdSe and CdSe on both sides of the MoSe2 nanosheet shell into a sandwich-like heterostructured catalyst system, which possesses multiple positive merits for photocatalysis, including accelerated transport and separation of photogenerated carriers, improved visible light utilization, and increased catalytic active sites. Thus, the optimized Co0.85 Se-CdSe/MoSe2 /CdSe cages exhibit remarkable visible-light photocatalytic performance and outstanding stability for CO2 reduction with a high CO average yield of 15.04 µmol g-1 h-1 and 90.14% selectivity, which are much higher than those of other control samples including single-component catalysts and binary hybrid catalysts. This study provides a promising way for the design and fabrication of high-efficiency photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Longge Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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31
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Chen G, Zhang ZD, Liao YX, Zhang Z, You YZ. Modulating Local Charge Distribution of Carbon Nitride for Promoting Exciton Dissociation and Charge-Induced Reactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100698. [PMID: 34197025 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable light can generate reduction and oxidation centers in situ through the generation of photoexcited electrons and holes in the presence of photocatalyst. However, the photoexcited electrons and holes have huge Coulombic attraction and high exciton binding energy due to the weak screening effect and dielectric properties in many low-dimensional conjugated polymers, such as carbon nitride. Reducing the exciton binding energy of carbon nitride and promoting the conversion of excitons into free charge carriers are necessary for improving the activity of photocatalytic reactions but still very challenging. Here, by introducing amino-cyano functional groups into carbon nitride, it is demonstrated that excitons can be effectively dissociated into electrons and holes by finely controlling the charge distribution of heptazine ring. It is found that carbon nitride with heptazine rings of positive charge distribution can greatly reduce the exciton binding energy to 24 from 71 meV. Compared with heptazine ring having negative charge distribution, heptazine ring with positive charge distribution can increase photocatalytic hydrogen production of carbon nitride by up to ten times. This work provides an easy way to promote the dissociation of excitons in carbon nitride by regulating the charge distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zi-Dan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ya-Xian Liao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ye-Zi You
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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32
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Lim XB, Ong WJ. A current overview of the oxidative desulfurization of fuels utilizing heat and solar light: from materials design to catalysis for clean energy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:588-633. [PMID: 34018529 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ceaseless increase of pollution cases due to the tremendous consumption of fossil fuels has steered the world towards an environmental crisis and necessitated urgency to curtail noxious sulfur oxide emissions. Since the world is moving toward green chemistry, a fuel desulfurization process driven by clean technology is of paramount significance in the field of environmental remediation. Among the novel desulfurization techniques, the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process has been intensively studied and is highlighted as the rising star to effectuate sulfur-free fuels due to its mild reaction conditions and remarkable desulfurization performances in the past decade. This critical review emphasizes the latest advances in thermal catalytic ODS and photocatalytic ODS related to the design and synthesis routes of myriad materials. This encompasses the engineering of metal oxides, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, polyoxometalates, metal-organic frameworks, metal-free materials and their hybrids in the customization of advantageous properties in terms of morphology, topography, composition and electronic states. The essential connection between catalyst characteristics and performances in ODS will be critically discussed along with corresponding reaction mechanisms to provide thorough insight for shaping future research directions. The impacts of oxidant type, solvent type, temperature and other pivotal factors on the effectiveness of ODS are outlined. Finally, a summary of confronted challenges and future outlooks in the journey to ODS application is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Bin Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia. and Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia. and Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Wang J, Wang Y, Li G, Xiong Y, Zhang M, Zhang S, Zhong Q. Sodium doped flaky carbon nitride with nitrogen defects for enhanced photoreduction carbon dioxide activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 603:210-219. [PMID: 34186399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sodium doped flaky carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with nitrogen defects (bmw-DCN-x) were synthesized via two steps method to enhance photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). After ball milling and calcination, dicyandiamide was evenly dispersed on the sodium chloride (NaCl) template to form a flaky structure. The NaCl not only provided part of sodium (Na) source for Na doped g-C3N4, but also introduced a large number of nitrogen (N) defects. Meanwhile, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) significantly enhanced Na doping. The bmw-DCN-30, a proportion of modified g-C3N4, showed heightened photo-reduction CO2 performance, with satisfactory carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) productivity at a rate of 30.6 μmol·g-1·h-1 and 5.4 μmol·g-1·h-1 respectively. This productivity was 15 and 11 times as much as that of bulky g-C3N4 (BCN). The related characterizations confirmed that N defects produced more reactive sites and enhanced the adsorption capacity of carbon nitride to CO2. The accompanying Na doping and flaky structure characteristics improved the optical absorption ability and the effective separation of photogenerated carriers. Accordingly, this work provides further insights into constructing modified materials based on carbon nitride for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Guojun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Yongheng Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shule Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Qin Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
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Shen X, Yang Y, Song B, Chen F, Xue Q, Shan S, Li S. Magnetically recyclable and remarkably efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hexavalent chromium removal based on plasmonic biochar/bismuth/ferroferric oxide heterojunction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 590:424-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kim N, Nam JS, Jo J, Seong J, Kim H, Kwon Y, Lah MS, Lee JH, Kwon TH, Ryu J. Selective photocatalytic production of CH 4 using Zn-based polyoxometalate as a nonconventional CO 2 reduction catalyst. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:379-385. [PMID: 33720243 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00657b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and selective production of CH4 through the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a challenging task due to the high amount of energy consumption and various reaction pathways. Here, we report the synthesis of Zn-based polyoxometalate (ZnPOM) and its application in the photocatalytic CO2RR. Unlike conventional Zn-based catalysts that produce CO, ZnPOM can selectively catalyze the production of CH4 in the presence of an Ir-based photosensitizer (TIr3) through the photocatalytic CO2RR. Photophysical and computation analyses suggest that selective photocatalytic production of CH4 using ZnPOM and TIr3 can be attributed to (1) the exceptionally fast transfer of photogenerated electrons from TIr3 to ZnPOM through the strong molecular interactions between them and (2) effective transfer of electrons from ZnPOM to *CO intermediates due to significant hybridization of their molecular orbitals. This study provides insights into the design of novel CO2RR catalysts for CH4 production beyond the limitations in conventional studies that focus on Cu-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeong Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. and Emergent Hydrogen Technology R&D Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seung Nam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Nature Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. and Center for Wave Energy Materials, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Jo
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junmo Seong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Nature Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. and Emergent Hydrogen Technology R&D Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkook Kwon
- Emergent Hydrogen Technology R&D Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Lah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Nature Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Nature Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. and Center for Wave Energy Materials, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungki Ryu
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. and Emergent Hydrogen Technology R&D Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Kumar A, Raizada P, Kumar Thakur V, Saini V, Aslam Parwaz Khan A, Singh N, Singh P. An overview on polymeric carbon nitride assisted photocatalytic CO2 reduction: Strategically manoeuvring solar to fuel conversion efficiency. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Oxygen vacancy-rich BiO2-x: Super-active co-catalyst on g-C3N4 for efficient visible-light photocatalytic CO2 reduction. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jelmy EJ, Thomas N, Mathew DT, Louis J, Padmanabhan NT, Kumaravel V, John H, Pillai SC. Impact of structure, doping and defect-engineering in 2D materials on CO2 capture and conversion. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
2D material based strategies for adsorption and conversion of CO2 to value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Jelmy
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Nishanth Thomas
- Nanotechnology and Bio-engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Dhanu Treasa Mathew
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Jesna Louis
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India
- Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Nisha T. Padmanabhan
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Vignesh Kumaravel
- Nanotechnology and Bio-engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Honey John
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India
- Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Suresh C. Pillai
- Nanotechnology and Bio-engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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Bai X, Jia T, Wang X, Hou S, Hao D, Bingjie-Ni. High carrier separation efficiency for a defective g-C3N4 with polarization effect and defect engineering: mechanism, properties and prospects. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00595b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Different types of defects in g-C3N4 induce polarization effect to promote the separation of charge carriers and improve the photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Tianqi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Xuyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Derek Hao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS)
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Bingjie-Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS)
- Sydney
- Australia
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40
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO–Graphene Nanocomposites: A Review. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ZnO is an exciting material for photocatalysis applications due to its high activity, easy accessibility of raw materials, low production costs, and nontoxic. Several ZnO nano and microstructures can be obtained, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, micro flowers, microspheres, among others, depending on the preparation method and conditions. ZnO is a wide bandgap semiconductor presenting massive recombination of the generated charge carriers, limiting its photocatalytic efficiency and stability. It is common to mix it with metal, metal oxide, sulfides, polymers, and nanocarbon-based materials to improve its photocatalytic behavior. Therefore, ZnO–nanocarbon composites formation has been a viable alternative that leads to new, more active, and stable photocatalytic systems. Mainly, graphene is a well-known two-dimensional material, which could be an excellent candidate to hybridize with ZnO due to its excellent physical and chemical properties (e.g., high specific surface area, optical transmittance, and thermal conductivity, among others). This review analyses ZnO–graphene nanocomposites’ recent advances, addressing the synthesis methods and the resulting structural, morphological, optical, and electronic properties. Moreover, we examine the ZnO–graphene composites’ role in the photocatalytic degradation of organic/inorganic pollutants.
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Zhang L, Li S, Liu H, Cheng YS, Wei XW, Chai X, Yuan G. Highly Efficient and Selective Visible-Light Driven CO 2 Reduction by Two Co-Based Catalysts in Aqueous Solution. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17464-17472. [PMID: 33161705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction has been considered as a promising approach to solve energy and environmental problems. Nevertheless, developing inexpensive photocatalysts with high efficiency and selectivity remains a big challenge. In this study, two Co-based complexes [Co2(L1)Cl2] (1-Co) and [Co(L2)Cl] (2-Co) were synthesized by treating two DPA-based (DPA: dipicolylamine) ligands with Co2+, respectively. Under visible-light irradiation, the performance of 1-Co as a homogeneous photocatalyst for CO2 reduction in aqueous media has been explored by using [Ru(phen)3]2+ as a photosensitizer, and triethylolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial reductant. 1-Co shows high photocatalytic activity for CO2-to-CO conversion, corresponding to the high TONCO of 2600 and TOFCO of 260 h-1 (TONCO = turnover number for CO; TOFCO = turnover frequency for CO). High selectivity of 97% for CO formation is also achieved. The control experiments catalyzed by 2-Co demonstrated that two Co(II) centers in 1-Co may operate independently and activate one CO2 molecule each. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism of 1-Co for photocatalytic CO2 reduction has been investigated via electrochemical analysis, a series of quenching experiments, and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243032, People's Republic China
| | - Shiwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243032, People's Republic China
| | - Huiping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243032, People's Republic China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243032, People's Republic China
| | - Xian-Wen Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243032, People's Republic China
| | - Xiaomin Chai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243032, People's Republic China
| | - Guozan Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243032, People's Republic China
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