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Cho BPH, Auckland K, Gräf S, Markus HS. Rare Sequence Variation Underlying Suspected Familial Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e035771. [PMID: 39082428 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.035771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral small-vessel disease (cSVD) is the leading monogenic cause of stroke. Despite genetic screening in routine diagnosis, many cases remain without a known causative variant. Using a cohort with suspected familial cSVD and whole-genome sequencing, we screened for variants in genes associated with monogenic cSVD and searched for novel variants associated with the disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Rare variants were identified in whole-genome sequencing data from the NBR (National Institute for Health Research BioResource Rare Disease) study. Pathogenic variants in known monogenic cSVD genes were identified. Gene-based burden tests and family analysis were performed to identify novel variants associated with familial cSVD. A total of 257 suspected cSVD cases (mean ± SD age, 56.2 ± 16.1 years), and 13 086 controls with other nonstroke diseases (5874 [44.9%] men) were studied. A total of 8.9% of the cases carried a variant in known cSVD genes. Excluding these known causes, 23.6% of unrelated subjects with cSVD carried predicted deleterious variants in the Genomics England gene panel, but no association was found with cSVD in burden tests. We identified potential associations with cSVD in noncoding genes, including RP4-568F9.3 (adjusted P = 7.1 × 10-25), RP3-466I7.1 (adjusted P = 8.9 × 10-16), and ZNF209P (adjusted P = 1.0 × 10-15), and matrisomal genes (adjusted P = 5.1 × 10-6), including FAM20C, INHA, LAMC1, and VWA5B2. CONCLUSIONS Predicted deleterious variants in known cSVD genes were present in 23.6% of unrelated cases with cSVD, but none of the genes were associated with the disease. Rare variants in noncoding and matrisomal genes could potentially contribute to cSVD development. These genes could play a role in tissue development and brain endothelial cell function. However, further studies are needed to confirm their pathophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard P H Cho
- Stroke Research Group Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Kate Auckland
- Department of Medicine University of Cambridge Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute Cambridge UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine University of Cambridge Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute Cambridge UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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2
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Ma J, Wang B, Wei X, Tian M, Bao X, Zhang Y, Qi H, Zhang Y, Hu M. Accumulation of extracellular elastin-derived peptides disturbed neuronal morphology and neuron-microglia crosstalk in aged brain. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1460-1474. [PMID: 38168728 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) accumulate in the aging brain and have been associated with vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The activation of inflammatory processes in glial cells with EDP treatment has received attention, but not in neurons. To properly understand EDPs' pathogenic significance, the impact on neuronal function and neuron-microglia crosstalk was explored further. Among the EDP molecules, Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly (VGVAPG) is a typical repeating hexapeptide. Here, we observed that EDPs-VGVAPG influenced neuronal survival and morphology in a dose-dependent manner. High concentrations of VGVAPG induced synapse loss and microglia hyperactivation in vivo and in vitro. Following EDP incubation, galectin 3 (Gal-3) released by neurons served as a chemokine, attracting microglial engulfment. Blocking Gal-3 and EDP binding remedied synapse loss in neurons and phagocytosis in microglia. In response to the accumulation of EDPs, proteomics in matrix remodeling and cytoskeleton dynamics, such as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family, were engaged. These findings in extracellular EDPs provided more evidence for the relationship between aging and neuron dysfunction, increasing the insight of neuroinflammatory responses and the development of new specialized extracellular matrix remolding-targeted therapy options for dementia or other neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingqian Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingfu Bao
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huichuan Qi
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Behl T, Dahim MA, Aleya L. Revisiting the focal role of endostatin and environmental factors in Alzheimer's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:44511-44517. [PMID: 38951391 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a condition initiated by the assimilation of β-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and tau tangles, leading to neurodegeneration. It involves frequently cognitive decline as well as memory impairment in patients. Efforts in therapeutic interventions are currently facing challenges in identifying targets within this scaffold that can significantly alter the clinical course for individuals with AD. Moreover, in AD, neurons release a protein called endostatin, which accumulates in Aβ plaques and enhances AD. This accumulation of Aβ in the triggers a cascade of events leading to synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and ultimately neuronal death. Environmental factors nowadays increase the risk of AD with prolonged exposure of heavy metals such as copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and other pesticides. It has been observed that these factors can cause the aggregation of Aβ and tau which initiates the plaque formation and hence leads to enhanced pathogenesis of AD. This review summarizes the interlinking between heavy metals, environmental factors, pesticides, endostatin, and progression of AD has been deliberated with recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Dahim
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha, 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, La Bouloie, 25030, Besancon Cedex, France.
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Wu Q, Yuan K, Yao Y, Yao J, Shao J, Meng Y, Wu P, Shi H. LAMC1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis via FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114776. [PMID: 38609046 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The poor prognosis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is often attributed to neuronal apoptosis. Recent evidence suggests that Laminin subunit gamma 1 (LAMC1) is essential for cell survival and proliferation. However, the effects of LAMC1 on early brain injury after SAH and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The current study aimed to reveal the anti-neuronal apoptotic effect and the potential mechanism of LAMC1 in the rat and in the in vitro SAH models. METHODS The SAH model of Sprague-Dawley rats was established by endovascular perforation. Recombinant LAMC1 (rLAMC1) was administered intranasally 30 min after modeling. LAMC1 small interfering RNA (LAMC1 siRNA), focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-specific inhibitor Y15 and PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002 were administered before SAH modeling to explore the neuroprotection mechanism of rLAMC1. HT22 cells were cultured and stimulated by oxyhemoglobin to establish an in vitro model of SAH. Subsequently, SAH grades, neurobehavioral tests, brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, western blotting, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, and Fluoro-Jade C staining were performed. RESULTS The expression of endogenous LAMC1 was markedly decreased after SAH, both in vitro and in vivo. rLAMC1 significantly reduced the brain water content and blood-brain barrier permeability, improved short- and long-term neurobehavior, and decreased neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, rLAMC1 treatment significantly increased the expression of p-FAK, p-PI3K, p-AKT, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-2 and decreased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase -3. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous LAMC1 aggravated the neurological impairment, suppressed the expression of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, and upregulated the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Additionally, the administration of Y15 and LY294002 abolished the protective roles of rLAMC1. In vitro, rLAMC1 significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis, and the protective effects were also abolished by Y15 and LY294002. CONCLUSION Exogenous LAMC1 treatment improved neurological deficits after SAH in rats, and attenuated neuronal apoptosis in both in vitro and in vivo SAH models, at least partially through the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kaikun Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanting Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinbiao Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiang Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuxiao Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Matsui Y, Togayachi A, Sakamoto K, Angata K, Kadomatsu K, Nishihara S. Integrated Systems Analysis Deciphers Transcriptome and Glycoproteome Links in Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.25.573290. [PMID: 38234803 PMCID: PMC10793412 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.25.573290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. In recent years, evidence of Alzheimer's disease-specific glycoproteins has been established. However, the mechanisms underlying their dysregulation, including tissue- and cell-type specificity, are not fully understood. We aimed to explore the upstream regulators of aberrant glycosylation by integrating multiple data sources using a glycogenomics approach. We identified dysregulation of the glycosyltransferase PLOD3 in oligodendrocytes as an upstream regulator of cerebral vessels and found that it is involved in COL4A5 synthesis, which is strongly correlated with amyloid fiber formation. Furthermore, COL4A5 has been suggested to interact with astrocytes via extracellular matrix receptors as a ligand. This study suggests directions for new therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease targeting glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsui
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Biomedical and Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Daiko-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan
| | - Akira Togayachi
- Glycan and Life Systems Integration Center (GaLSIC), Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakamoto
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Angata
- Glycan and Life Systems Integration Center (GaLSIC), Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Glycan and Life Systems Integration Center (GaLSIC), Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
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Ortega JA, Soares de Aguiar GP, Chandravanshi P, Levy N, Engel E, Álvarez Z. Exploring the properties and potential of the neural extracellular matrix for next-generation regenerative therapies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1962. [PMID: 38723788 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and complex network of proteins and molecules that surrounds cells and tissues in the nervous system and orchestrates a myriad of biological functions. This review carefully examines the diverse interactions between cells and the ECM, as well as the transformative chemical and physical changes that the ECM undergoes during neural development, aging, and disease. These transformations play a pivotal role in shaping tissue morphogenesis and neural activity, thereby influencing the functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). In our comprehensive review, we describe the diverse behaviors of the CNS ECM in different physiological and pathological scenarios and explore the unique properties that make ECM-based strategies attractive for CNS repair and regeneration. Addressing the challenges of scalability, variability, and integration with host tissues, we review how advanced natural, synthetic, and combinatorial matrix approaches enhance biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and functional recovery. Overall, this review highlights the potential of decellularized ECM as a powerful tool for CNS modeling and regenerative purposes and sets the stage for future research in this exciting field. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alberto Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gisele P Soares de Aguiar
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Palash Chandravanshi
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natacha Levy
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zaida Álvarez
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Melrose J. Hippo cell signaling and HS-proteoglycans regulate tissue form and function, age-dependent maturation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C810-C828. [PMID: 38223931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00683.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This review examined how Hippo cell signaling and heparan sulfate (HS)-proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate tissue form and function. Despite being a nonweight-bearing tissue, the brain is regulated by Hippo mechanoresponsive cell signaling pathways during embryonic development. HS-proteoglycans interact with growth factors, morphogens, and extracellular matrix components to regulate development and pathology. Pikachurin and Eyes shut (Eys) interact with dystroglycan to stabilize the photoreceptor axoneme primary cilium and ribbon synapse facilitating phototransduction and neurotransduction with bipolar retinal neuronal networks in ocular vision, the primary human sense. Another HSPG, Neurexin interacts with structural and adaptor proteins to stabilize synapses and ensure specificity of neural interactions, and aids in synaptic potentiation and plasticity in neurotransduction. HSPGs also stabilize the blood-brain barrier and motor neuron basal structures in the neuromuscular junction. Agrin and perlecan localize acetylcholinesterase and its receptors in the neuromuscular junction essential for neuromuscular control. The primary cilium is a mechanosensory hub on neurons, utilized by YES associated protein (YAP)-transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) Hippo, Hh, Wnt, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone matrix protein (BMP) receptor tyrosine kinase cell signaling. Members of the glypican HSPG proteoglycan family interact with Smoothened and Patched G-protein coupled receptors on the cilium to regulate Hh and Wnt signaling during neuronal development. Control of glycosyl sulfotransferases and endogenous protease expression by Hippo TAZ YAP represents a mechanism whereby the fine structure of HS-proteoglycans can be potentially modulated spatiotemporally to regulate tissue morphogenesis in a similar manner to how Hippo signaling controls sialyltransferase expression and mediation of cell-cell recognition, dysfunctional sialic acid expression is a feature of many tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bhuiyan P, Sun Z, Khan MA, Hossain MA, Rahman MH, Qian Y. System biology approaches to identify hub genes linked with ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathways in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25191. [PMID: 38322840 PMCID: PMC10844262 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic and devastating mental illness that affects around 20 million individuals worldwide. Cognitive deficits and structural and functional changes of the brain, abnormalities of brain ECM components, chronic neuroinflammation, and devastating clinical manifestation during SZ are likely etiological factors shown by affected individuals. However, the pathophysiological events associated with multiple regulatory pathways involved in the brain of this complex disorder are still unclear. This study aimed to develop a pipeline based on bioinformatics and systems biology approaches for identifying potential therapeutic targets involving possible biological mechanisms from SZ patients and healthy volunteers. About 420 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from three RNA-seq datasets were identified. Gene ontology (GO), and pathways analysis showed several biological mechanisms enriched by the commonly shared DEGs, including extracellular matrix organization (ECM) organization, collagen fibril organization, integrin signaling pathway, inflammation mediated by chemokines and cytokines signaling pathway, and GABA-B receptor II and IL4 mediated signaling. Besides, 15 hub genes (FN1, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL1A2, COL5A1, COL2A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, MMP2, THBS1, DCN, LUM, HLA-A, HLA-C, and FBN1) were discovered by comprehensive analysis, which was mainly involved in the ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathway. Furthermore, the miRNA target of the hub genes was analyzed with the random-forest-based approach software miRTarBase. In addition, the transcriptional factors and protein kinases regulating overlapping DEGs in SZ, namely, SUZ12, EZH2, TRIM28, TP53, EGR1, CSNK2A1, GSK3B, CDK1, and MAPK14, were also identified. The results point to a new understanding that the hub genes (fibronectin 1, collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and lumican) in the ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathways may be involved in the SZ occurrence and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Zhaochu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Arif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
- Bio-Bio-1 Bioinformatics Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arju Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Yaldız B, Erdoğan O, Rafatov S, Iyigün C, Aydın Son Y. Revealing third-order interactions through the integration of machine learning and entropy methods in genomic studies. BioData Min 2024; 17:3. [PMID: 38291454 PMCID: PMC10826120 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-024-00355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-linear relationships at the genotype level are essential in understanding the genetic interactions of complex disease traits. Genome-wide association Studies (GWAS) have revealed statistical association of the SNPs in many complex diseases. As GWAS results could not thoroughly reveal the genetic background of these disorders, Genome-Wide Interaction Studies have started to gain importance. In recent years, various statistical approaches, such as entropy-based methods, have been suggested for revealing these non-additive interactions between variants. This study presents a novel prioritization workflow integrating two-step Random Forest (RF) modeling and entropy analysis after PLINK filtering. PLINK-RF-RF workflow is followed by an entropy-based 3-way interaction information (3WII) method to capture the hidden patterns resulting from non-linear relationships between genotypes in Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease to discover early and differential diagnosis markers. RESULTS Three models from different datasets are developed by integrating PLINK-RF-RF analysis and entropy-based three-way interaction information (3WII) calculation method, which enables the detection of the third-order interactions, which are not primarily considered in epistatic interaction studies. A reduced SNP set is selected for all three datasets by 3WII analysis by PLINK filtering and prioritization of SNP with RF-RF modeling, promising as a model minimization approach. Among SNPs revealed by 3WII, 4 SNPs out of 19 from GenADA, 1 SNP out of 27 from ADNI, and 4 SNPs out of 106 from NCRAD are mapped to genes directly associated with Alzheimer Disease. Additionally, several SNPs are associated with other neurological disorders. Also, the genes the variants mapped to in all datasets are significantly enriched in calcium ion binding, extracellular matrix, external encapsulating structure, and RUNX1 regulates estrogen receptor-mediated transcription pathways. Therefore, these functional pathways are proposed for further examination for a possible LOAD association. Besides, all 3WII variants are proposed as candidate biomarkers for the genotyping-based LOAD diagnosis. CONCLUSION The entropy approach performed in this study reveals the complex genetic interactions that significantly contribute to LOAD risk. We benefited from the entropy-based 3WII as a model minimization step and determined the significant 3-way interactions between the prioritized SNPs by PLINK-RF-RF. This framework is a promising approach for disease association studies, which can also be modified by integrating other machine learning and entropy-based interaction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Yaldız
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Erdoğan
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevda Rafatov
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Iyigün
- Department of Industrial Engineering, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Aydın Son
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara, Turkey.
- Graduate School of Informatics, ODTU-NOROM, METU, Ankara, Turkey.
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Lacar B, Ferdosi S, Alavi A, Stukalov A, Venkataraman GR, de Geus M, Dodge H, Wu CY, Kivisakk P, Das S, Guturu H, Hyman B, Batzoglou S, Arnold SE, Siddiqui A. Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Using Unbiased Plasma Proteomics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574446. [PMID: 38260620 PMCID: PMC10802486 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) is a complex disease with multiple pathophysiological drivers that determine clinical symptomology and disease progression. These diseases develop insidiously over time, through many pathways and disease mechanisms and continue to have a huge societal impact for affected individuals and their families. While emerging blood-based biomarkers, such as plasma p-tau181 and p-tau217, accurately detect Alzheimer neuropthology and are associated with faster cognitive decline, the full extension of plasma proteomic changes in ADRD remains unknown. Earlier detection and better classification of the different subtypes may provide opportunities for earlier, more targeted interventions, and perhaps a higher likelihood of successful therapeutic development. In this study, we aim to leverage unbiased mass spectrometry proteomics to identify novel, blood-based biomarkers associated with cognitive decline. 1,786 plasma samples from 1,005 patients were collected over 12 years from partcipants in the Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Longitudinal Cohort Study. Patient metadata includes demographics, final diagnoses, and clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores taken concurrently. The Proteograph™ Product Suite (Seer, Inc.) and liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis were used to process the plasma samples in this cohort and generate unbiased proteomics data. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry results yielded 36,259 peptides and 4,007 protein groups. Linear mixed effects models revealed 138 differentially abundant proteins between AD and healthy controls. Machine learning classification models for AD diagnosis identified potential candidate biomarkers including MBP, BGLAP, and APoD. Cox regression models were created to determine the association of proteins with disease progression and suggest CLNS1A, CRISPLD2, and GOLPH3 as targets of further investigation as potential biomarkers. The Proteograph workflow provided deep, unbiased coverage of the plasma proteome at a speed that enabled a cohort study of almost 1,800 samples, which is the largest, deep, unbiased proteomics study of ADRD conducted to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthijs de Geus
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Hiroko Dodge
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Pia Kivisakk
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | | | - Brad Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | | | - Steven E. Arnold
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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11
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Gholami A. Alzheimer's disease: The role of proteins in formation, mechanisms, and new therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Lett 2023; 817:137532. [PMID: 37866702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS), leading to memory and cognitive decline. In AD, the brain experiences three main structural changes: a significant decrease in the quantity of neurons, the development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) or senile plaques, which are protein deposits found outside cells and surrounded by dystrophic neurites. Genetic studies have identified four genes associated with autosomal dominant or familial early-onset AD (FAD): amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2), and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). The formation of plaques primarily involves the accumulation of Aβ, which can be influenced by mutations in APP, PS1, PS2, or ApoE genes. Mutations in the APP and presenilin (PS) proteins can cause an increased amyloid β peptides production, especially the further form of amyloidogenic known as Aβ42. Apart from genetic factors, environmental factors such as cytokines and neurotoxins may also have a significant impact on the development and progression of AD by influencing the formation of amyloid plaques and intracellular tangles. Exploring the causes and implications of protein aggregation in the brain could lead to innovative therapeutic approaches. Some promising therapy strategies that have reached the clinical stage include using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, estrogen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antioxidants, and antiapoptotic agents. The most hopeful therapeutic strategies involve inhibiting activity of secretase and preventing the β-amyloid oligomers and fibrils formation, which are associated with the β-amyloid fibrils accumulation in AD. Additionally, immunotherapy development holds promise as a progressive therapeutic approach for treatment of AD. Recently, the two primary categories of brain stimulation techniques that have been studied for the treatment of AD are invasive brain stimulation (IBS) and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). In this article, the amyloid proteins that play a significant role in the AD formation, the mechanism of disease formation as well as new drugs utilized to treat of AD will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Gholami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Jongsma E, Goyala A, Mateos JM, Ewald CY. Removal of extracellular human amyloid beta aggregates by extracellular proteases in C. elegans. eLife 2023; 12:e83465. [PMID: 37728486 PMCID: PMC10541181 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' brains contain collagens and are embedded extracellularly. Several collagens have been proposed to influence Aβ aggregate formation, yet their role in clearance is unknown. To investigate the potential role of collagens in forming and clearance of extracellular aggregates in vivo, we created a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain that expresses and secretes human Aβ1-42. This secreted Aβ forms aggregates in two distinct places within the extracellular matrix. In a screen for extracellular human Aβ aggregation regulators, we identified different collagens to ameliorate or potentiate Aβ aggregation. We show that a disintegrin and metalloprotease a disintegrin and metalloprotease 2 (ADM-2), an ortholog of ADAM9, reduces the load of extracellular Aβ aggregates. ADM-2 is required and sufficient to remove the extracellular Aβ aggregates. Thus, we provide in vivo evidence of collagens essential for aggregate formation and metalloprotease participating in extracellular Aβ aggregate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Jongsma
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Anita Goyala
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - José Maria Mateos
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Collin Yvès Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
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13
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Golombek S, Hoffmann T, Hann L, Mandler M, Schmidhuber S, Weber J, Chang YT, Mehling R, Ladinig A, Knecht C, Leyens J, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Schneeberger A, Avci-Adali M. Improved tropoelastin synthesis in the skin by codon optimization and nucleotide modification of tropoelastin-encoding synthetic mRNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:642-654. [PMID: 37650117 PMCID: PMC10462787 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Loss of elastin due to aging, disease, or injury can lead to impaired tissue function. In this study, de novo tropoelastin (TE) synthesis is investigated in vitro and in vivo using different TE-encoding synthetic mRNA variants after codon optimization and nucleotide modification. Codon optimization shows a strong effect on protein synthesis without affecting cell viability in vitro, whereas nucleotide modifications strongly modulate translation and reduce cell toxicity. Selected TE mRNA variants (3, 10, and 30 μg) are then analyzed in vivo in porcine skin after intradermal application. Administration of 30 μg of native TE mRNA with a me1 Ψ modification or 10 and 30 μg of unmodified codon-optimized TE mRNA is required to increase TE protein expression in vivo. In contrast, just 3 μg of a codon-optimized TE mRNA variant with the me1 Ψ modification is able to increase protein expression. Furthermore, skin toxicity is investigated in vitro by injecting 30 μg of mRNA of selected TE mRNA variants into a human full-thickness skin model, and no toxic effects are observed. Thereby, for the first time, an increased dermal TE synthesis by exogenous administration of synthetic mRNA is demonstrated in vivo. Codon optimization of a synthetic mRNA can significantly increase protein expression and therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Golombek
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Ludmilla Hann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Mandler
- Accanis Biotech, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 22, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | | | - Josefin Weber
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Roman Mehling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Christian Knecht
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Johanna Leyens
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Klostermeier S, Li A, Hou HX, Green U, Lennerz JK. Exploring the Skin Brain Link: Biomarkers in the Skin with Implications for Aging Research and Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13309. [PMID: 37686115 PMCID: PMC10487444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are challenging to diagnose. Currently the field must rely on imperfect diagnostic modalities. A recent study identified differences in several key bio-mechano-physiological parameters of the skin between AD patients and healthy controls. Here, we visually align these differences with the relevant histological, aging, and embryological paradigms to raise awareness for these potential biomarkers. In a study conducted by Wu et al., a series of n = 41 patients (n = 29 with AD and n = 12 healthy controls) were evaluated, demonstrating that AD patients exhibit a less acidic skin pH, increased skin hydration, and reduced skin elasticity compared to healthy controls. We constructed a visual overview and explored the relevant paradigms. We present a visual comparison of these factors, highlighting four paradigms: (1) the findings emphasize a shared ectodermal origin of the brain and the skin; (2) functional systems such as micro-vascularization, innervation, eccrine excretory functions, and the extracellular matrix undergo distinct changes in patients with AD; (3) the human skin mirrors the alterations in brain stiffness observed in aging studies; (4) assessment of physiological features of the skin is cost-effective, accessible, and easily amenable for monitoring and integration with cognitive assessment studies. Understanding the relationship between aging skin and aging brain is an exciting frontier, holding great promise for improved diagnostics. Further prospective and larger-scale investigations are needed to solidify the brain-skin link and determine the extent to which this relationship can be leveraged for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Klostermeier
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Annie Li
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.L.); (H.X.H.); (U.G.)
| | - Helen X. Hou
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.L.); (H.X.H.); (U.G.)
| | - Ula Green
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.L.); (H.X.H.); (U.G.)
| | - Jochen K. Lennerz
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.L.); (H.X.H.); (U.G.)
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15
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Shi C, Gottschalk WK, Colton CA, Mukherjee S, Lutz MW. Alzheimer's Disease Protein Relevance Analysis Using Human and Mouse Model Proteomics Data. FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:1085577. [PMID: 37650081 PMCID: PMC10467016 DOI: 10.3389/fsysb.2023.1085577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The principles governing genotype-phenotype relationships are still emerging(1-3), and detailed translational as well as transcriptomic information is required to understand complex phenotypes, such as the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. For this reason, the proteomics of Alzheimer disease (AD) continues to be studied extensively. Although comparisons between data obtained from humans and mouse models have been reported, approaches that specifically address the between-species statistical comparisons are understudied. Our study investigated the performance of two statistical methods for identification of proteins and biological pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease for cross-species comparisons, taking specific data analysis challenges into account, including collinearity, dimensionality reduction and cross-species protein matching. We used a human dataset from a well-characterized cohort followed for over 22 years with proteomic data available. For the mouse model, we generated proteomic data from whole brains of CVN-AD and matching control mouse models. We used these analyses to determine the reliability of a mouse model to forecast significant proteomic-based pathological changes in the brain that may mimic pathology in human Alzheimer's disease. Compared with LASSO regression, partial least squares discriminant analysis provided better statistical performance for the proteomics analysis. The major biological finding of the study was that extracellular matrix proteins and integrin-related pathways were dysregulated in both the human and mouse data. This approach may help inform the development of mouse models that are more relevant to the study of human late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Shi
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - W. Kirby Gottschalk
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carol A. Colton
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sayan Mukherjee
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Michael W. Lutz
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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16
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Matafora V, Gorb A, Yang F, Noble W, Bachi A, Perez‐Nievas BG, Jimenez‐Sanchez M. Proteomics of the astrocyte secretome reveals changes in their response to soluble oligomeric Aβ. J Neurochem 2023; 166:346-366. [PMID: 37303123 PMCID: PMC10952722 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes associate with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Astrocytes react to changes in the brain environment, including increasing concentrations of amyloid-β (Aβ). However, the precise response of astrocytes to soluble small Aβ oligomers at concentrations similar to those present in the human brain has not been addressed. In this study, we exposed astrocytes to media from neurons that express the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgene with the double Swedish mutation (APPSwe), and which contains APP-derived fragments, including soluble human Aβ oligomers. We then used proteomics to investigate changes in the astrocyte secretome. Our data show dysregulated secretion of astrocytic proteins involved in the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal organization and increase secretion of proteins involved in oxidative stress responses and those with chaperone activity. Several of these proteins have been identified in previous transcriptomic and proteomic studies using brain tissue from human AD and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Our work highlights the relevance of studying astrocyte secretion to understand the brain response to AD pathology and the potential use of these proteins as biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena Gorb
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Fangjia Yang
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Wendy Noble
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM ETS‐ The AIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Beatriz Gomez Perez‐Nievas
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Jimenez‐Sanchez
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
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17
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Kenyaga JM, Oteino SA, Sun Y, Qiang W. In-cell 31P solid-state NMR measurements of the lipid dynamics and influence of exogeneous β-amyloid peptides on live neuroblastoma neuro-2a cells. Biophys Chem 2023; 297:107008. [PMID: 36989875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific disruption of cellular membranes induced by aggregation of exogeneous β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides is considered a viable pathological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has been widely applied in model liposomes to provide important insights on the molecular interactions between membranes and Aβ aggregates. Yet, the feasibility of in-cell ssNMR spectroscopy to probe Aβ-membrane interactions in native cellular environments has rarely been tested. Here we report the application of in-cell31P ssNMR spectroscopy on live mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a (N2a) cells under moderate magic angle spinning (MAS) conditions. Both cell viability and cytoplasmic membrane integrity are retained for up to six hours under 5 kHz MAS frequency at 277 K, which allow applications of direct-polarization 31P spectroscopy and 31P spin-spin (T2) relaxation measurements. The 31P T2 relaxation time constant of N2a cells is significantly increased compared with the model liposome prepared with comparable major phospholipid compositions. With the addition of 5 μM 40-residue Aβ (Aβ1-40) peptides, the 31P T2 relaxation is instantly accelerated. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using in-cell31P ssNMR to investigate the Aβ-membrane interactions in the biologically relevant cellular system.
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18
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Ha BG, Jang YJ, Lee E, Kim BG, Myung K, Sun W, Jeong SJ. Isolation and identification of extracellular matrix proteins from oil-based CASPERized mouse brains for matrisomal analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14777. [PMID: 37025807 PMCID: PMC10070542 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) components present within all tissues and organs help to maintain the cytoskeletal architecture and tissue morphology. Although the ECM plays a role in cellular events and signaling pathways, it has not been well studied due its insolubility and complexity. Brain tissue has a higher cell density and weaker mechanical strength than other tissues in the body. When removing cells using a general decellularization method to produce scaffolds and obtain ECM proteins, various problems must be considered because tissues are easily damaged. To retain the brain shape and ECM components, we performed decellularization in combination with polymerization. We immersed mouse brains in oil for polymerization and decellularization via O-CASPER (Oil-based Clinically and Experimentally Applicable Acellular Tissue Scaffold Production for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine) and then isolated ECM components using sequential matrisome preparation reagents (SMPRs), namely, RIPA, PNGase F, and concanavalin A. Adult mouse brains were preserved with our decellularization method. Western blot and LC-MS/MS analyses revealed that ECM components, including collagen and laminin, were isolated efficiently from decellularized mouse brains using SMPRs. Our method will be useful to obtain matrisomal data and perform functional studies using adult mouse brains and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Geun Ha
- Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jang
- Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - EunSoo Lee
- Fluorescence Core Imaging Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Jeong
- Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Remtulla AAN, Huber RJ. The conserved cellular roles of CLN proteins: Novel insights from Dictyostelium discoideum. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151305. [PMID: 36917916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), collectively referred to as Batten disease, are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that primarily affect children. The etiology of Batten disease is linked to mutations in 13 genes that encode distinct CLN proteins, whose functions have yet to be fully elucidated. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has been adopted as an efficient and powerful model system for studying the diverse cellular roles of CLN proteins. The genome of D. discoideum encodes several homologs of human CLN proteins, and a growing body of literature supports the conserved roles and networking of CLN proteins in D. discoideum and humans. In humans, CLN proteins have diverse cellular roles related to autophagy, signal transduction, lipid homeostasis, lysosomal ion homeostasis, and intracellular trafficking. Recent work also indicates that CLN proteins play an important role in protein secretion. Remarkably, many of these findings have found parallels in studies with D. discoideum. Accordingly, this review will highlight the translatable value of novel work with D. discoideum in the field of NCL research and propose further avenues of research using this biomedical model organism for studying the NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A N Remtulla
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Huber
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Liu H, Xie Y, Wang X, Abboud MI, Ma C, Ge W, Schofield CJ. Exploring links between 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2637-2668. [PMID: 35852137 PMCID: PMC10083964 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, that is, an inadequate oxygen supply, is linked to neurodegeneration and patients with cardiovascular disease are prone to Alzheimer's disease (AD). 2-Oxoglutarate and ferrous iron-dependent oxygenases (2OGDD) play a key role in the regulation of oxygen homeostasis by acting as hypoxia sensors. 2OGDD also have roles in collagen biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, nucleic acid repair, and the regulation of transcription and translation. Many biological processes in which the >60 human 2OGDD are involved are altered in AD patient brains, raising the question as to whether 2OGDD are involved in the transition from normal aging to AD. Here we give an overview of human 2OGDD and critically discuss their potential roles in AD, highlighting possible relationships with synapse dysfunction/loss. 2OGDD may regulate neuronal/glial differentiation through enzyme activity-dependent mechanisms and modulation of their activity has potential to protect against synapse loss. Work linking 2OGDD and AD is at an early stage, especially from a therapeutic perspective; we suggest integrated pathology and in vitro discovery research to explore their roles in AD is merited. We hope to help enable long-term research on the roles of 2OGDD and, more generally, oxygen/hypoxia in AD. We also suggest shorter term empirically guided clinical studies concerning the exploration of 2OGDD/oxygen modulators to help maintain synaptic viability are of interest for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationDepartment of OrthopedicsGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Martine I. Abboud
- The Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyNeuroscience CenterNational Human Brain Bank for Development and FunctionInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- The Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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21
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Kenyaga JM, Cheng Q, Qiang W. Early-Stage β-Amyloid-Membrane Interactions Modulate Lipid Dynamics and Influence Structural Interfaces and Fibrillation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102491. [PMID: 36115457 PMCID: PMC9556791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular interactions between β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and membranes contribute to the neuronal toxicity of Aβ and the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuronal plasma membranes serve as biologically relevant environments for the Aβ aggregation process as well as affect the structural polymorphisms of Aβ aggregates. However, the nature of these interactions is unknown. Here, we utilized solid-state NMR spectroscopy to explore the site-specific interactions between Aβ peptides and lipids in synaptic plasma membranes at the membrane-associated nucleation stage. The key results show that different segments in the hydrophobic sequence of Aβ initiate membrane binding and inter-strand assembling. We demonstrate early-stage Aβ-lipid interactions modulate lipid dynamics, leading to more rapid lipid headgroup motion and reduced lateral diffusive motion. These early events influence the structural polymorphisms of yielded membrane-associated Aβ fibrils with distinct C-terminal quaternary interface structure compared to fibrils grown in aqueous solutions. Based on our results, we propose a schematic mechanism by which Aβ-lipid interactions drive membrane-associated nucleation processes, providing molecular insights into the early events of fibrillation in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- June M Kenyaga
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, the State University of New York
| | - Qinghui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, the State University of New York
| | - Wei Qiang
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, the State University of New York.
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22
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Systematic Review on Saliva Biomarkers in Patients Diagnosed with Morbus Alzheimer and Morbus Parkinson. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071702. [PMID: 35885007 PMCID: PMC9313191 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular plaques composed of the hydrophobic peptide amyloid-β and intraneuronal accumulation of the hyperphosphorylated protein tau (p-tau) are pathological hallmarks found in the brains of most people affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In Parkinson’s disease (PD), Lewy bodies, i.e., intraneuronal protein deposits comprising the protein α-synuclein, are a typical disease feature. As these hallmarks located in the brain are hardly traceable, reliable biomarkers from easily accessible body fluids are key for accurate diagnosis. The aim of the present work was to review the available literature regarding potential biomarkers of AD and PD in the saliva. The databases PubMed, Google Scholar, LILACS, LIVIVO, VHL regional portal, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY, and IOS Press were consulted for the literature search. Screening of titles and abstracts followed the PRISMA guidelines, while data extraction and the assessment of full texts were carried out in accordance with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale assessment. The review shows significant increases in levels of the amyloid-β Aβ1-42 and elevated p-tau to total tau (t-tau) ratios in salivary samples of AD patients, in comparison with healthy controls. In PD patients, levels of α-synuclein in salivary samples significantly decreased compared to healthy controls, whereas oligomeric α-synuclein and the ratio of oligomeric α-synuclein to total α-synuclein markedly increased. Salivary biomarkers represent a promising diagnostic tool for neurodegenerative diseases. Further high-quality case–control studies are needed to substantiate their accuracy.
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23
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Khan A, Sergi CM. NEU1—A Unique Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902259. [PMID: 35847014 PMCID: PMC9277458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) is considered to be the most abundant and ubiquitous mammalian enzyme, with a broad tissue distribution. It plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular mechanisms. The deficiency of NEU1 has been implicated in various pathological manifestations of sialidosis and neurodegeneration. Thus, it is a novel therapeutic target for neurodegenerative changes in the Alzheimer’s brain. However, to manipulate NEU1 as a therapeutic target, it is imperative to understand that, although NEU1 is commonly known for its lysosomal catabolic function, it is also involved in other pathways. NEU1 is involved in immune response modulation, elastic fiber assembly modulation, insulin signaling, and cell proliferation. In recent years, our knowledge of NEU1 has continued to grow, yet, at the present moment, current data is still limited. In addition, the unique biochemical properties of NEU1 make it challenging to target it as an effective therapeutic option for sialidosis, which is a rare disease but has an enormous patient burden. However, the fact that NEU1 has been linked to the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, which is rapidly growing worldwide, makes it more relevant to be studied and explored. In the present study, the authors have discussed various cellular mechanisms involving NEU1 and how they are relevant to sialidosis and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiza Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Consolato M. Sergi,
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24
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Wesenhagen KE, Gobom J, Bos I, Vos SJ, Martinez‐Lage P, Popp J, Tsolaki M, Vandenberghe R, Freund‐Levi Y, Verhey F, Lovestone S, Streffer J, Dobricic V, Bertram L, Blennow K, Pikkarainen M, Hallikainen M, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Soininen H, Scheltens P, Zetterberg H, Teunissen CE, Visser PJ, Tijms BM. Effects of age, amyloid, sex, and APOE ε4 on the CSF proteome in normal cognition. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12286. [PMID: 35571963 PMCID: PMC9074716 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction It is important to understand which biological processes change with aging, and how such changes are associated with increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We studied how cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics changed with age and tested if associations depended on amyloid status, sex, and apolipoprotein E Ɛ4 genotype. Methods We included 277 cognitively intact individuals aged 46 to 89 years from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery, and Metabolic Syndrome in Men. In total, 1149 proteins were measured with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring/Rules-Based Medicine, tandem mass tag mass spectrometry, and SOMAscan. We tested associations between age and protein levels in linear models and tested enrichment for Reactome pathways. Results Levels of 252 proteins increased with age independently of amyloid status. These proteins were associated with immune and signaling processes. Levels of 21 proteins decreased with older age exclusively in amyloid abnormal participants and these were enriched for extracellular matrix organization. Discussion We found amyloid-independent and -dependent CSF proteome changes with older age, perhaps representing physiological aging and early AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E.J. Wesenhagen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Johan Gobom
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | | | - Stephanie J.B. Vos
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Pablo Martinez‐Lage
- Center for Research and Advanced TherapiesCITA‐Alzheimers FoundationDonostia‐San SebastianSpain
| | - Julius Popp
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and PsychiatryGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospital of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Faculty of Health SciencesAristotle University of ThessalonikiMakedoniaThessalonikiGreece
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Neurology ServiceUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Yvonne Freund‐Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of NeurogeriatricsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- School of Medical Sciences Örebro University and Dep of Psychiatry Örebro University HospitalÖrebroSweden
| | - Frans Verhey
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Janssen‐cilagHigh WycombeUK
- (at the time of study conduct)University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Johannes Streffer
- formerly Janssen R&D, LLC, Beerse, Belgium (at the time of study conduct)AC Immune SALausanneSwitzerland
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck UniversityLübeckGermany
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Maria Pikkarainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, NeurologyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Merja Hallikainen
- Institute of Clinical MedicineInternal Medicineand Kuopio University HospitalUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical MedicineInternal Medicineand Kuopio University HospitalUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical MedicineInternal Medicineand Kuopio University HospitalUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, NeurologyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteLondonUK
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of NeurogeriatricsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Betty M. Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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25
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Protective Effects against the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease in an Animal Model through Active Immunization with Methionine-Sulfoxide Rich Protein Antigen. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040775. [PMID: 35453459 PMCID: PMC9029927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain during Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is under severe oxidative attack by reactive oxygen species that may lead to methionine oxidation. Oxidation of the sole methionine (Met35) of beta-amyloid (Aβ), and possibly methionine residues of other extracellular proteins, may be one of the earliest events contributing to the toxicity of Aβ and other proteins in vivo. In the current study, we immunized transgenic AD (APP/PS1) mice at 4 months of age with a recombinant methionine sulfoxide (MetO)-rich protein from Zea mays (antigen). This treatment induced the production of anti-MetO antibody in blood-plasma that exhibits a significant titer up to at least 10 months of age. Compared to the control mice, the antigen-injected mice exhibited the following significant phenotypes at 10 months of age: better short and long memory capabilities; reduced Aβ levels in both blood-plasma and brain; reduced Aβ burden and MetO accumulations in astrocytes in hippocampal and cortical regions; reduced levels of activated microglia; and elevated antioxidant capabilities (through enhanced nuclear localization of the transcription factor Nrf2) in the same brain regions. These data collected in a preclinical AD model are likely translational, showing that active immunization could give a possibility of delaying or preventing AD onset. This study represents a first step toward the complex way of starting clinical trials in humans and conducting the further confirmations that are needed to go in this direction.
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26
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Fisher RA, Miners JS, Love S. Pathological changes within the cerebral vasculature in Alzheimer's disease: New perspectives. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13061. [PMID: 35289012 PMCID: PMC9616094 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease underpins vascular dementia (VaD), but structural and functional changes to the cerebral vasculature contribute to disease pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, we discuss the contribution of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and non‐amyloid small vessel disease in AD, and the accompanying changes to the density, maintenance and remodelling of vessels (including alterations to the composition and function of the cerebrovascular basement membrane). We consider how abnormalities of the constituent cells of the neurovascular unit – particularly of endothelial cells and pericytes – and impairment of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) impact on the pathogenesis of AD. We also discuss how changes to the cerebral vasculature are likely to impair Aβ clearance – both intra‐periarteriolar drainage (IPAD) and transport of Aβ peptides across the BBB, and how impaired neurovascular coupling and reduced blood flow in relation to metabolic demand increase amyloidogenic processing of APP and the production of Aβ. We review the vasoactive properties of Aβ peptides themselves, and the probable bi‐directional relationship between vascular dysfunction and Aβ accumulation in AD. Lastly, we discuss recent methodological advances in transcriptomics and imaging that have provided novel insights into vascular changes in AD, and recent advances in assessment of the retina that allow in vivo detection of vascular changes in the early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Fisher
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - J Scott Miners
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
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27
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Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020213. [PMID: 35204096 PMCID: PMC8868221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will double by the year 2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not prevent, delay the progression of, or cure the disease. Interestingly, a shared characteristic of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases and disorders is oxidative stress. Despite profound evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, none of the currently available treatment options address oxidative stress. Recently, attention has been placed on the use of antioxidants to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In preclinical studies utilizing cellular and animal models, natural antioxidants showed therapeutic promise when administered alone or in combination with other compounds. More recently, the concept of combination antioxidant therapy has been explored as a novel approach to preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions that present with oxidative stress as a contributing factor. In this review, the relationship between oxidative stress and AD pathology and the neuroprotective role of natural antioxidants from natural sources are discussed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants as preventatives and/or treatment for AD is examined, with special attention paid to natural antioxidant combinations and conjugates that are currently being investigated in human clinical trials.
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28
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Pluta R, Kiś J, Januszewski S, Jabłoński M, Czuczwar SJ. Cross-Talk between Amyloid, Tau Protein and Free Radicals in Post-Ischemic Brain Neurodegeneration in the Form of Alzheimer’s Disease Proteinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010146. [PMID: 35052650 PMCID: PMC8772936 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen remarkable progress in research into free radicals oxidative stress, particularly in the context of post-ischemic recirculation brain injury. Oxidative stress in post-ischemic tissues violates the integrity of the genome, causing DNA damage, death of neuronal, glial and vascular cells, and impaired neurological outcome after brain ischemia. Indeed, it is now known that DNA damage and repair play a key role in post-stroke white and gray matter remodeling, and restoring the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. This review will present one of the newly characterized mechanisms that emerged with genomic and proteomic development that led to brain ischemia to a new level of post-ischemic neuropathological mechanisms, such as the presence of amyloid plaques and the development of neurofibrillary tangles, which further exacerbate oxidative stress. Finally, we hypothesize that modified amyloid and the tau protein, along with the oxidative stress generated, are new key elements in the vicious circle important in the development of post-ischemic neurodegeneration in a type of Alzheimer’s disease proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-608-6540
| | - Jacek Kiś
- Department of Urology, 1st Military Clinical Hospital with the Outpatient Clinic, Al. Racławickie 23, 20-049 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Jabłoński
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 Str., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Stanisław J. Czuczwar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Str., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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29
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Limorenko G, Lashuel HA. Revisiting the grammar of Tau aggregation and pathology formation: how new insights from brain pathology are shaping how we study and target Tauopathies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:513-565. [PMID: 34889934 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence continues to point towards Tau aggregation and pathology formation as central events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and other Tauopathies. Despite significant advances in understanding the morphological and structural properties of Tau fibrils, many fundamental questions remain about what causes Tau to aggregate in the first place. The exact roles of cofactors, Tau post-translational modifications, and Tau interactome in regulating Tau aggregation, pathology formation, and toxicity remain unknown. Recent studies have put the spotlight on the wide gap between the complexity of Tau structures, aggregation, and pathology formation in the brain and the simplicity of experimental approaches used for modeling these processes in research laboratories. Embracing and deconstructing this complexity is an essential first step to understanding the role of Tau in health and disease. To help deconstruct this complexity and understand its implication for the development of effective Tau targeting diagnostics and therapies, we firstly review how our understanding of Tau aggregation and pathology formation has evolved over the past few decades. Secondly, we present an analysis of new findings and insights from recent studies illustrating the biochemical, structural, and functional heterogeneity of Tau aggregates. Thirdly, we discuss the importance of adopting new experimental approaches that embrace the complexity of Tau aggregation and pathology as an important first step towards developing mechanism- and structure-based therapies that account for the pathological and clinical heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease and Tauopathies. We believe that this is essential to develop effective diagnostics and therapies to treat these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Limorenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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30
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Haytural H, Benfeitas R, Schedin-Weiss S, Bereczki E, Rezeli M, Unwin RD, Wang X, Dammer EB, Johnson ECB, Seyfried NT, Winblad B, Tijms BM, Visser PJ, Frykman S, Tjernberg LO. Insights into the changes in the proteome of Alzheimer disease elucidated by a meta-analysis. Sci Data 2021; 8:312. [PMID: 34862388 PMCID: PMC8642431 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is a powerful tool to explore pathogenic changes of a disease in an unbiased manner and has been used extensively in Alzheimer disease (AD) research. Here, by performing a meta-analysis of high-quality proteomic studies, we address which pathological changes are observed consistently and therefore most likely are of great importance for AD pathogenesis. We retrieved datasets, comprising a total of 21,588 distinct proteins identified across 857 postmortem human samples, from ten studies using labeled or label-free MS approaches. Our meta-analysis findings showed significant alterations of 757 and 1,195 proteins in AD in the labeled and label-free datasets, respectively. Only 33 proteins, some of which were associated with synaptic signaling, had the same directional change across the individual studies. However, despite alterations in individual proteins being different between the labeled and the label-free datasets, several pathways related to synaptic signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, immune response and extracellular matrix were commonly dysregulated in AD. These pathways represent robust changes in the human AD brain and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Haytural
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erika Bereczki
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Division of Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Clinical Sciences (Lund) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, and Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, CityLabs 1.0, Nelson Street, Manchester, M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erik C B Johnson
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Theme of Inflammation and Aging, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Frykman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars O Tjernberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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31
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Sun J, Han J, Wang F, Liu K, Zhang H. Bioengineered Protein-based Adhesives for Biomedical Applications. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202102902. [PMID: 34622998 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based adhesives with their robust adhesion performance and excellent biocompatibility have been extensively explored over years. In particular, the unique adhesion behaviours of mussel and sandcastle worm inspired the development of synthetic adhesives. However, the chemical synthesized adhesives often demonstrate weak underwater adhesion performance and poor biocompatibility/biodegradability, limiting their further biomedical applications. In sharp contrast, genetically engineering endows the protein-based adhesives the ability to maintain underwater adhesion property as well as biocompatibility/biodegradability. Herein, we outline recent advances in the design and development of protein-based adhesives by genetic engineering. We summarize the fabrication and adhesion performance of elastin-like polypeptide-based adhesives, followed by mussel foot protein (mfp) based adhesives and other sources protein-based adhesives, such as, spider silk spidroin and suckerin. In addition, the biomedical applications of these bioengineered protein-based adhesives are presented. Finally, we give a brief summary and perspective on the future development of bioengineered protein-based adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jiaying Han
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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32
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Elastin-Derived Peptides in the Central Nervous System: Friend or Foe. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2473-2487. [PMID: 34374904 PMCID: PMC9560920 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is one of the main structural matrix proteins of the arteries, lung, cartilage, elastic ligaments, brain vessels, and skin. These elastin fibers display incredible resilience and structural stability with long half-life. However, during some physiological and pathophysiological conditions, elastin is prone to proteolytic degradation and, due to the extremely low turnover rate, its degradation is practically an irreversible and irreparable phenomenon. As a result of elastin degradation, new peptides called elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) are formed. A growing body of evidence suggests that these peptides play an important role in the development of age-related vascular disease. They are also detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy people, and their amount increases in patients after ischemic stroke. Recently, elastin-like polypeptides have been reported to induce overproduction of beta-amyloid in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of action of EDPs in the nervous system is largely unknown and limited to only a few studies. The article summarizes the current state of knowledge on the role of EDPs in the nervous system.
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Freitas A, Aroso M, Rocha S, Ferreira R, Vitorino R, Gomez-Lazaro M. Bioinformatic analysis of the human brain extracellular matrix proteome in neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:4016-4033. [PMID: 34013613 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are characterized by selective degeneration of specific brain areas. Although increasing number of studies report alteration of the extracellular matrix on these diseases, an exhaustive characterization at the brain's matrix level might contribute to the development of more efficient cell restoration therapies. In that regard, proteomics-based studies are a powerful approach to uncover matrix changes. However, to date, the majority of proteomics studies report no or only a few brain matrix proteins with altered expression. This study aims to reveal the changes in the brain extracellular matrix by integrating several proteomics-based studies performed with postmortem tissue. In total, 67 matrix proteins with altered expression were collected. By applying a bioinformatic approach, we were able to reveal the dysregulated biological processes. Among them are processes related to the organization of the extracellular matrix, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans' metabolism, blood coagulation, and response to injury and oxidative stress. In addition, a protein was found altered in all three diseases-collagen type I alpha 2-and its binding partners further identified. A ClueGO network was created, depicting the GO groups associated with these binding partners, uncovering the processes that may consequently be affected. These include cellular adhesion, cell signaling through membrane receptors, inflammatory processes, and apoptotic cell death in response to oxidative stress. Overall, we were able to associate the contribution of the modification of extracellular matrix components to essential biological processes, highlighting the investment needed on proteomics studies with specific focus on the extracellular matrix in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Freitas
- i3S -Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB -Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Aroso
- i3S -Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB -Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Rocha
- i3S -Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB -Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA &, LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Gomez-Lazaro
- i3S -Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB -Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Fontanil T, Mohamedi Y, Espina-Casado J, Obaya ÁJ, Cobo T, Cal S. Hyalectanase Activities by the ADAMTS Metalloproteases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062988. [PMID: 33804223 PMCID: PMC8000579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyalectan family is composed of the proteoglycans aggrecan, versican, brevican and neurocan. Hyalectans, also known as lecticans, are components of the extracellular matrix of different tissues and play essential roles in key biological processes including skeletal development, and they are related to the correct maintenance of the vascular and central nervous system. For instance, hyalectans participate in the organization of structures such as perineural nets and in the regulation of neurite outgrowth or brain recovery following a traumatic injury. The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease domains, with thrombospondin motifs) family consists of 19 secreted metalloproteases. These enzymes also perform important roles in the structural organization and function of the extracellular matrix through interactions with other matrix components or as a consequence of their catalytic activity. In this regard, some of their preferred substrates are the hyalectans. In fact, ADAMTSs cleave hyalectans not only as a mechanism for clearance or turnover of proteoglycans but also to generate bioactive fragments which display specific functions. In this article we review some of the physiological and pathological effects derived from cleavages of hyalectans mediated by ADAMTSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fontanil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (T.F.); (Y.M.)
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Ordóñez, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yamina Mohamedi
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (T.F.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jorge Espina-Casado
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Álvaro J. Obaya
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Cobo
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Asturiano de Odontología, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-985966014 (T.C.); +34-985106282 (S.C.)
| | - Santiago Cal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (T.F.); (Y.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-985966014 (T.C.); +34-985106282 (S.C.)
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Jin W, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Glycosaminoglycans in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:189-204. [PMID: 34495536 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharides that consist of alternating disaccharides sequences of uronic acids and/or galactose hexamino sugars most of which are sulfated. GAGs are ubiquitously expressed on the cell surface, in the intracellular milieu and in the extracellular matrix of all animal cells. Thus, GAGs exhibit many essential roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The targets of GAGs are GAG-binding proteins and related proteins that are of significant interest to both the academic community and in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, the structures of GAGs, their binding proteins, and analogs are presented that further the development of GAGs and their analogs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA. .,Department of Biological Science, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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Salminen A. Hypoperfusion is a potential inducer of immunosuppressive network in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104919. [PMID: 33242538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which causes a non-reversible cognitive impairment and dementia. The primary cause of late-onset AD remains unknown although its pathology was discovered over a century ago. Recently, the vascular hypothesis of AD has received backing from evidence emerging from neuroimaging studies which have revealed the presence of a significant hypoperfusion in the brain regions vulnerable to AD pathology. In fact, hypoxia can explain many of the pathological changes evident in AD pathology, e.g. the deposition of β-amyloid plaques and chronic low-grade inflammation. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) stimulates inflammatory responses and modulates both innate and adaptive immunity. It is known that hypoxia-induced inflammation evokes compensatory anti-inflammatory response involving tissue-resident microglia/macrophages and infiltrated immune cells. Hypoxia/HIF-1α induce immunosuppression by (i) increasing the expression of immunosuppressive genes, (ii) stimulating adenosinergic signaling, (iii) enhancing aerobic glycolysis, i.e. lactate production, and (iv) augmenting the secretion of immunosuppressive exosomes. Interestingly, it seems that these common mechanisms are also involved in the pathogenesis of AD. In AD pathology, an enhanced immunosuppression appears, e.g. as a shift in microglia/macrophage phenotypes towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and an increase in the numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg). The augmented anti-inflammatory capacity promotes the resolution of acute inflammation but persistent inflammation has crucial effects not only on immune cells but also harmful responses to the homeostasis of AD brain. I will examine in detail the mechanisms of the hypoperfusion/hypoxia-induced immunosuppressive state in general and especially, in its association with AD pathogenesis. These immunological observations support the vascular hypothesis of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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