1
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Insuasty D, Mutis M, Trilleras J, Illicachi LA, Rodríguez JD, Ramos-Hernández A, San-Juan-Vergara HG, Cadena-Cruz C, Mora JR, Paz JL, Méndez-López M, Pérez EG, Aliaga ME, Valencia J, Márquez E. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, Theoretical Studies, and Living Cancer Cell Imaging Applications of New 7-(Diethylamino)quinolone Chalcones. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18786-18800. [PMID: 38708212 PMCID: PMC11064003 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In this article, three unsymmetrical 7-(diethylamino)quinolone chalcones with D-π-A-D and D-π-A-π-D type push-pull molecular arrangements were synthesized via a Claisen-Schmidt reaction. Using 7-(diethylamino)quinolone and vanillin as electron donor (D) moieties, these were linked together through the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system acting as a linker and an electron acceptor (A). The photophysical properties were studied, revealing significant Stokes shifts and strong solvatofluorochromism caused by the ICT and TICT behavior produced by the push-pull effect. Moreover, quenching caused by the population of the TICT state in THF-H2O mixtures was observed, and the emission in the solid state evidenced a red shift compared to the emission in solution. These findings were corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing the wb97xd/6-311G(d,p) method. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed on BHK-21, PC3, and LNCaP cell lines, revealing moderate activity across all compounds. Notably, compound 5b exhibited the highest activity against LNCaP cells, with an LC50 value of 10.89 μM. Furthermore, the compounds were evaluated for their potential as imaging agents in living prostate cells. The results demonstrated their favorable cell permeability and strong emission at 488 nm, positioning them as promising candidates for cancer cell imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Insuasty
- Departamento
de Química y Biología, División de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía Puerto Colombia, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia
| | - Mario Mutis
- Grupo
de Investigación en Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Facultad
de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad
del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia
| | - Jorge Trilleras
- Grupo
de Investigación en Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Facultad
de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad
del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Illicachi
- Grupo
de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología,
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad
Santiago de Cali, Calle 5. No. 62-00, Cali 760032, Colombia
| | - Juan D. Rodríguez
- Programa
de medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Libre, Km 7 vía Puerto Colombia, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia
| | - Andrea Ramos-Hernández
- Grupo
Química Supramolecular Aplicada, Semillero Electroquímica
Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia
| | - Homero G. San-Juan-Vergara
- Departamento
de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía Puerto Colombia, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia
| | - Christian Cadena-Cruz
- Departamento
de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía Puerto Colombia, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia
| | - José R. Mora
- Instituto
de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería
Química, Universidad San Francisco
de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - José L. Paz
- Departamento
Académico de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de
Química e Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado, 15081 Lima, Perú
| | - Maximiliano Méndez-López
- Departamento
de Química y Biología, División de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía Puerto Colombia, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia
| | - Edwin G. Pérez
- Organic
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Margarita E. Aliaga
- Physical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Jhesua Valencia
- Departamento
de Química y Biología, División de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía Puerto Colombia, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia
| | - Edgar Márquez
- Departamento
de Química y Biología, División de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía Puerto Colombia, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia
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2
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Mondal A, Phukan HJ, Pal D, Kumar S, Roy M, Srimani D. Well-Defined Mn(II)-complex Catalyzed Switchable De(hydrogenative) Csp 3 -H Functionalization of Methyl Heteroarenes: A Sustainable Approach for Diversification of Heterocyclic Motifs. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303315. [PMID: 37933814 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic activities of Mn(I) complexes derived from expensive MnBr(CO)5 salt have been explored in various dehydrogenative transformations. However, the reactivity and selectivity of inexpensive high spin Mn(II) complexes are uncommon. Herein, we have synthesized four new Mn(II) complexes and explored switchable alkenylation and alkylation of methyl heteroarenes employing a single Mn(II)catalyst. The developed protocol selectively furnishes a series of functionalized E-heteroarenes and C-alkylated heteroarenes with good to excellent yields. Various medicinally and synthetically useful compounds are successfully synthesized using our developed protocol. Various controls and kinetics experiments were executed to shed light on the mechaism,which reveals that α-C-H bond breaking of alcohol is the slowest step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Hirak Jyoti Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Debjyoti Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mithu Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Srimani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
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3
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Ershova AI, Fedoseev SV, Blinov SA, Ievlev MY, Lipin KV, Ershov OV. Tunable full-color emission of stilbazoles containing a 2-halo-3,4-dicyanopyridine acceptor. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7935-7943. [PMID: 37740323 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01326j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of a series of novel push-pull stilbazole-based chromophores containing a strong 2-halocinchomeronic dinitrile acceptor is reported. The photophysical properties of the compounds are described. Strong positive solvatofluorochromism typical of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) dyes is observed for the synthesized stilbazoles. Their tunable multicolor emission ranges from 442 nm to 710 nm and covers the whole visible spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I Ershova
- Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Moskovsky pr., 15, Cheboksary, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Fedoseev
- Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Moskovsky pr., 15, Cheboksary, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Blinov
- Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Moskovsky pr., 15, Cheboksary, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Yu Ievlev
- Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Moskovsky pr., 15, Cheboksary, Russia.
| | - Konstantin V Lipin
- Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Moskovsky pr., 15, Cheboksary, Russia.
| | - Oleg V Ershov
- Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Moskovsky pr., 15, Cheboksary, Russia.
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4
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Antón-Cánovas T, Achelle S, Paz Fernández-Liencres M, Navarro A, Alonso F, Rodríguez-López J. Acidochromism of amino-substituted indolizine chromophores: towards white light emission. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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5
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Srinivasan Subiksha V, Viswanathan T, David E, Prabu S, Palanisami N. Ferrocene appended 1,8-naphthalimide chromophores: Synthesis, theoretical, the effect of phenyl substitution on aggregation-induced enhanced emission and second-order nonlinear optical studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 277:121282. [PMID: 35500356 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new ferrocene appended linear donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) type 1,8-naphthalimide chromophores [FcPhNap-n-butyl (1) and Fc(Ph)2Nap-n-butyl (2)] have been synthesized and characterized using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The chromophores 1 and 2 show the one-electron transfer process, which was examined through cyclic voltammetric (CV) method. The solvatochromic studies show red shift by increasing the solvent polarity from non-polar to polar for both the chromophores 1 and 2, due to the better stabilization of the more polarized excited state than the ground state in the polar solvent. The fluorescence studies show low fluorescence emission, which was enhanced by aggregation in THF/water mixture when the water ratio is increased upto 60%, due to the restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR) process in the aggregated state. Also, the quantum yield increases 3.4 (1) and 6.8 (2) times in the aggregation induced enhanced emission (AIEE) state than THF solution for both the chromophores [THF/AIEE = 0.05/0.17 for 1 and 0.03/0.22 for 2]. The second-order non-linear optical properties of the chromophores 1 and 2 were studied using Kurtz and Perry powder technique, chromophore 2 shows 1.2 times higher SHG efficiency than 1, owing to the presence of additional phenyl group in 2, which further supports the effective charge transfer process from donor to acceptor. Furthermore, optical and non-linear optical properties of chromophores 1 and 2 were analyzed by DFT/TD-DFT calculations using different functionals (B3LYP, long-range corrected CAM-B3LYP and LC-BLYP) with 6-31+G** level of theory. The B3LYP functional shows higher hyperpolarizability values [β0 = 109.2 × 10-30 esu (1), 299.7 × 10-30 esu (2)], due to the overestimation of the dipole moment, polarizability and hyperpolarizabilities between the donor-π-acceptor systems in B3LYP-hybrid functional, which leads to incorrect long-range charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengidusamy Srinivasan Subiksha
- Centre for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thamodharan Viswanathan
- Centre for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ezhumalai David
- Centre for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvam Prabu
- Centre for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nallasamy Palanisami
- Centre for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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George K, Elavarasan P, Ponnusamy S, Sathananthan K. Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Quinoline-Fused Fluorescent Dihydro/Spiro-quinazolinone Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20605-20618. [PMID: 35755376 PMCID: PMC9219092 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A facile and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of quinoline-fused fluorescent dihydro/spiro-quinazolinones. A plausible mechanism involving an acid-mediated enaminone intermediate is provided. The reaction proceeded using p-toluene sulfonic acid as a green promoter. The methodology was successful in synthesizing various quinoline-appended spiro-quinazolinones 4a-o. The synthetic utility of compounds 4a-o was demonstrated by synthesizing compounds 6a-d via Suzuki coupling as a key reaction. Significantly, the π-π* electronic transition of compounds 4c and 4k showed a blue shift. The molar extinction coefficient (ε), Stoke's shift (Δu̅), and quantum yield (Φf)c were calculated for these derivatives (4c and 4k).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin George
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences,
VIT, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Pavithra Elavarasan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences,
VIT, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Shanmugam Ponnusamy
- Organic
and Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
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7
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George K, Kannadasan S. An expeditious synthesis of 6,7-dihydrodibenzo[ b, j][4,7] phenanthroline derivatives as fluorescent materials. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27246-27252. [PMID: 36276024 PMCID: PMC9511693 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of 13,14-dimethyl-6,7-dihydrodibenzo[b,j][4,7]phenanthroline derivatives (3a–d) through the Friedländer condensation of 2-aminoarylketone with 1,4-cyclohexanedione under solvent-free conditions using p-toluenesulphonic acid. The synthetic utility of compounds 3a, 3b, and 3c was demonstrated by synthesizing compounds 6a–kvia Suzuki coupling, 8 by Buchwald–Hartwig amination, and 9a–bvia NBS bromination. Significantly, the emission band corresponding to the π–π* electronic transition of compounds 3a, 6a, 6d, 6f, and 8 showed a redshift with increasing polarity of the solvents. Molar extinction coefficient (ε), Stoke's shift (Δ
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), and quantum yield (Φf) were calculated for all these compounds. A rapid method has been developed for the synthesis of 13,14-dimethyl-6,7-dihydrodibenzo[b,j][4,7]phenanthroline derivatives (3a–d) through the Friedländer condensation of 2-aminoarylketone with 1,4-cyclohexanedione under neat conditions using p-TSA.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin George
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathananthan Kannadasan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Fadeev AA, Makarov AS, Uchuskin MG. Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 2-Alkylfurans with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones: A Shortcut to 2,3,5-Trisubstituted Furans. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17362-17370. [PMID: 34784209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The convergent one-pot method toward trisubstituted furans has been developed. The key transformation behind the synthetic protocol comprises the cascade acid-catalyzed conjugated addition of furans to commercially available or easily accessible α,β-unsaturated ketones followed by the rearrangement of the intermediate Michael adducts into isomeric furans. The prospect of utilizing the target products as building blocks for the preparation of potential functional molecules for organic electronics has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Fadeev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Anton S Makarov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, Perm, 614990, Russia
| | - Maxim G Uchuskin
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, Perm, 614990, Russia
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9
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Brambilla E, Giannangeli M, Pirovano V, Rossi E, Caselli A, Abbiati G. Synthesis and photophysical evaluation of polarity sensitive push-pull isoquinolines and their alkynyl precursors. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4958-4968. [PMID: 34002178 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00572c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two sets of unprecedented push-pull isoquinolines, characterized by an opposite "dipolar moment" with respect to the longitudinal axis of the molecule, have been prepared. The key step of the approach is the microwave-promoted domino imination/cycloisomerization of 2-alkynyl benzaldehydes in the presence of methanolic ammonia. Absorption spectra and emission spectra of the D-π-A isoquinolines and their alkynyl precursors in nine different solvents have been recorded. The absolute QYs of all compounds have been recorded in three solvents with different polarities, i.e. toluene, DMSO and ethanol. Among the D-π-A isoquinolines prepared - nicknamed QuinaChroms - two compounds characterized by opposite dipolar moments, i.e. 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-nitroisoquinoline 1a and N,N-diethyl-3-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)isoquinolin-7-amine 2b displayed more interesting photophysical profiles, whereas 5-(diethylamino)-2-(A)arylethynylbenzaldehydes precursors 8a-c - having a free aldehyde group that is suitable for possible conjugation - exhibited strong fluorescence and wide Stokes shifts. These products are interesting for potential use as polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes or advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Brambilla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Matteo Giannangeli
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CNR-SCITEC, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Caselli
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CNR-SCITEC, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Abbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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10
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Facile access to furo[2′,3′:4,5]pyrido[3,2,1-jk]carbazol-5-ones as blue emitters: photophysical, electrochemical, thermal and DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Tetraphenylene-chalcone hybrid derivatives: Synthesis, structural, fluorescence properties and imaging in living cells. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Panahi F, Mahmoodi A, Ghodrati S, Eshghi F. A novel donor-π-acceptor halochromic 2,6-distyrylnaphthalene chromophore: synthesis, photophysical properties and DFT studies. RSC Adv 2020; 11:168-176. [PMID: 35423043 PMCID: PMC8690040 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study a new 2,6-distyryl naphthalene [2-((4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-2,4-bis(methylsulfonyl)styryl)naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)(ethyl)amino)ethan-1-ol; ASDSN] was synthesized successfully using Heck chemistry as the main reaction. The ASDSN compound is a donor-pi-acceptor (D-π-A) conjugated system with amino as electron donating and sulfonyl as electron withdrawing groups. The UV-vis absorption of ASDSN was observed in the range of 403-417 nm with high molar extinction coefficients (ε = 15 300-56 200 M-1 cm-1) in some different solvents. This new fluorescent 2,6-distyryl naphthalene compound emits in the yellow region of the visible spectrum (557 nm) with Stokes shifts of 5930 cm-1. ASDSN is a pH-responsive fluorescence compound that shows yellow fluorescence in neutral form and blue fluorescence in the protonated form. A white light emission (WLE) for the chromophore was observed at pH = 3.0. The ASDSN chromophore presented a satisfactory white light quantum yield (Φ) of 13% which was desirable for producing white light emitting devices. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD)-DFT were applied to study structural and electronic properties of the chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Panahi
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Shiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | - Ali Mahmoodi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Sajjad Ghodrati
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Fazlolah Eshghi
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Shiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
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