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Márquez A, Santiago S, dos Santos M, Aznar-Cervantes SD, Domínguez C, Omenetto FG, Guirado G, Muñoz-Berbel X. Reusable Colorimetric Biosensors on Sustainable Silk-Based Platforms. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:853-862. [PMID: 38270977 PMCID: PMC10880051 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In biosensor development, silk fibroin is advantageous for providing transparent, flexible, chemically/mechanically stable, biocompatible, and sustainable substrates, where the biorecognition element remains functional for long time periods. These properties are employed here in the production of point-of-care biosensors for resource-limited regions, which are able to display glucose levels without the need for external instrumentation. These biosensors are produced by photopatterning silk films doped with the enzymes glucose oxidase and peroxidase and photoelectrochromic molecules from the dithienylethene family acting as colorimetric mediators of the enzymatic reaction. The photopatterning results from the photoisomerization of dithienylethene molecules in the silk film from its initial uncolored opened form to its pink closed one. The photoisomerization is dose-dependent, and colored patterns with increasing color intensities are obtained by increasing either the irradiation time or the light intensity. In the presence of glucose, the enzymatic cascade reaction is activated, and peroxidase selectively returns closed dithienylethene molecules to their initial uncolored state. Color disappearance in the silk film is proportional to glucose concentration and used to distinguish between hypoglycemic (below 4 mM), normoglycemic (4-6 mM), and hyperglycemic levels (above 6 mM) by visual inspection. After the measurement, the biosensor can be regenerated by irradiation with UV light, enabling up to five measurement cycles. The coupling of peroxidase activity to other oxidoreductases opens the possibility to produce long-life reusable smart biosensors for other analytes such as lactate, cholesterol, or ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Márquez
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Sara Santiago
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Salvador D. Aznar-Cervantes
- Departamento
de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo
Agrario y Ambiental (IMIDA), 30150 La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Domínguez
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz-Berbel
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- CIBER de
Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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