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Cheng W, Fukuda M, Kim S, Liu Y, Chen X, Holmes C, Li Y, Chung H, Ren Y, Guan J. Osmotically Rupturing Phagosomes in Macrophages Using PNIPAM Microparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24244-24256. [PMID: 37186785 PMCID: PMC10426762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The rupture of macrophage phagosomes has been implicated in various human diseases and plays a critical role in immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are complex and not yet fully understood. This study describes the development of a robust engineering method for rupturing phagosomes based on a well-defined mechanism. The method utilizes microfabricated microparticles composed of uncrosslinked linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as phagocytic objects. These microparticles are internalized into phagosomes at 37 °C. By exposing the cells to a cold shock at 0 °C, the vast majority of the microparticle-containing phagosomes rupture. The percentage of phagosomal rupture decreases with the increase of the cold-shock temperature. The osmotic pressure in the phagosomes and the tension in the phagosomal membrane are calculated using the Flory-Huggins theory and the Young-Laplace equation. The modeling results indicate that the osmotic pressure generated by dissolved microparticles is probably responsible for phagosomal rupture, are consistent with the experimentally observed dependence of phagosomal rupture on the cold-shock temperature, and suggest the existence of a cellular mechanism for resisting phagosomal rupture. Moreover, the effects of various factors including hypotonic shock, chloroquine, tetrandrine, colchicine, and l-leucyl-l-leucine O-methyl ester (LLOMe) on phagosomal rupture have been studied with this method. The results further support that the osmotic pressure generated by the dissolved microparticles causes phagosomal rupture and demonstrated usefulness of this method for studying phagosomal rupture. This method can be further developed, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding of phagosomal rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Masahiro Fukuda
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Sundol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Hoyong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4370, USA
| | - Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
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Nanocellulose-based nanogels for sustained drug delivery: Preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zheng C, Yan C, Xie H, Huang L, Fu H, Zhang T, Huang Z. Preparation, properties, and degradation mechanism of thermosensitive self-degradation microgel. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.2010566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cunchuan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaozong Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu Xie
- Xinjiang Oilfield Company’s first Gas Production, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Lamei Huang
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Tarim, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Tailiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, The People’s Republic of China
- Oil and Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, The People’s Republic of China
- Oil and Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, The People’s Republic of China
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Keskin D, Zu G, Forson AM, Tromp L, Sjollema J, van Rijn P. Nanogels: A novel approach in antimicrobial delivery systems and antimicrobial coatings. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3634-3657. [PMID: 33898869 PMCID: PMC8047124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of nanotechnology to develop efficient antimicrobial systems has a significant impact on the prospects of the biomedical field. Nanogels are soft polymeric particles with an internally cross-linked structure, which behave as hydrogels and can be reversibly hydrated/dehydrated (swollen/shrunken) by the dispersing solvent and external stimuli. Their excellent properties, such as biocompatibility, colloidal stability, high water content, desirable mechanical properties, tunable chemical functionalities, and interior gel-like network for the incorporation of biomolecules, make them fascinating in the field of biological/biomedical applications. In this review, various approaches will be discussed and compared to the newly developed nanogel technology in terms of efficiency and applicability for determining their potential role in combating infections in the biomedical area including implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Tromp
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Sjollema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Zu G, Meijer M, Mergel O, Zhang H, van Rijn P. 3D-Printable Hierarchical Nanogel-GelMA Composite Hydrogel System. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152508. [PMID: 34372111 PMCID: PMC8348806 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is that it is hierarchical in terms of matrix built-up, matrix density and fiber structure, which allows for hormones, cytokines, and other small biomolecules to be stored within its network. The ECM-like hydrogels that are currently used do not possess this ability, and long-term storage, along with the need for free diffusion of small molecules, are generally incompatible requirements. Nanogels are able to fulfill the additional requirements upon successful integration. Herein, a stable hierarchical nanogel–gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) composite hydrogel system is provided by covalently embedding nanogels inside the micropore network of GelMA hydrogel to allow a controlled local functionality that is not found in a homogenous GelMA hydrogel. Nanogels have emerged as a powerful tool in nanomedicine and are highly versatile, due to their simplicity of chemical control and biological compatibility. In this study, an N-isopropylacrylamide-based nanogel with primary amine groups on the surface was modified with methacryloyl groups to obtain a photo-cross-linking ability similar to GelMA. The nanogel-GelMA composite hydrogel was formed by mixing the GelMA and the photo-initiator within the nanogel solution through UV irradiation. The morphology of the composite hydrogel was observed by scanning electron microscopy, which clearly showed the nanogel wrapped within the GelMA network and covering the surface of the pore wall. A release experiment was conducted to prove covalent bonding and the stability of the nanogel inside the GelMA hydrogel. In addition, 3D printability studies showed that the nanogel-GelMA composite ink is printable. Therefore, the suggested stable hierarchical nanogel-GelMA composite hydrogel system has great potential to achieve the in situ delivery and controllable release of bioactive molecules in 3D cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Zu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.Z.); (M.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Marnix Meijer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.Z.); (M.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Olga Mergel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.Z.); (M.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Heng Zhang
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.Z.); (M.M.); (O.M.)
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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Zu G, Mergel O, Ribovski L, Bron R, Zuhorn IS, van Rijn P. Nanogels with Selective Intracellular Reactivity for Intracellular Tracking and Delivery. Chemistry 2020; 26:15084-15088. [PMID: 32608127 PMCID: PMC7756612 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A multimodal approach for hydrogel-based nanoparticles was developed to selectively allow molecular conjugated species to either be released inside the cell or remain connected to the polymer network. Using the intrinsic difference in reactivity between esters and amides, nanogels with an amide-conjugated dye could be tracked intracellularly localizing next to the nucleus, while ester-conjugation allowed for liberation of the molecular species from the hydrogel network inside the cell, enabling delivery throughout the cytoplasm. The release was a result of particle exposure to the intracellular environment. The conjugation approach and polymer network building rely on the same chemistry and provide a diverse range of possibilities to be used in nanomedicine and theranostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Zu
- University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenBiomedical EngineeringA. Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Olga Mergel
- University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenBiomedical EngineeringA. Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Laís Ribovski
- University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenBiomedical EngineeringA. Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Reinier Bron
- University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenBiomedical EngineeringA. Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Inge S. Zuhorn
- University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenBiomedical EngineeringA. Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenBiomedical EngineeringA. Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenThe Netherlands
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