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Cao J, Xu LW. Palladium- and nickel-catalyzed cascade enantioselective ring-opening/coupling reactions of cyclobutanones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3373-3382. [PMID: 36806356 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of small ring compounds is an intriguing subject in organic chemistry. As the smallest stable cyclic aliphatic ketones, cyclobutanones have garnered tremendous attention owing to their intrinsic high reactivity such as transition-metal catalyzed C-C bond cleavage. In this context, transition-metal catalyzed formal cycloaddition of cyclobutanones via a "cut and sew" strategy has gained marvelous advances. In contrast, an alternative reaction paradigm, i.e., transition-metal catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclobutanones, is still underdeveloped. This feature article aims to summarize our efforts in developing enantioselective palladium-catalyzed ring-opening/coupling reactions and recently emerging nickel-catalyzed ring-opening/reductive coupling reactions of cyclobutanones with a tethered aryl halide. The possible mechanisms are briefly showcased and the advantages and limitations of each strategy as well as their synthetic applications in the synthesis of natural products or bioactive compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute and Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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2
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Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of alkene-tethered indoles with phenols or arylboronic acids: construction of carbonyl-containing indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Zhu Y, Ying J, Wu XF. Cobalt-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of N-(2-Vinylphenyl)nicotinamides to access (NH)-quinolin-2(1H)-ones. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Wang Q, Yao L, Wang JS, Ying J, Wu XF. Palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylative cyclization of benzyl chlorides with 2-nitroaryl alkynes to construct indole derivatives. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Wang Q, Yao L, Wang JS, Ying J, Wu XF. Additive-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Indole and 4H-Benzo[d][1,3]oxazine Derivatives: Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of 2-Alkynylanilines and Benzyl Chlorides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3874-3882. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lingyun Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jian-Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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6
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Zhang J, Wang S, Wang JS, Ying J, Wu XF. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of indole-3-carboxamides from 2-ethynylanilines and nitroarenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and straightforward approach for the expedite construction of indole-3-carboxamide skeletons via a palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of 2-ethynylanilines with nitroarenes has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shangyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jian-Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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7
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Yao L, Wei P, Ying J, Wu XF. Nickel-catalyzed carbonylative domino cyclization of arylboronic acid pinacol esters with 2-alkynyl nitroarenes toward N-aroyl indoles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed carbonylative domino cyclization of arylboronic acid pinacol esters with 2-alkynyl nitroarenes has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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8
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Shang Y, Wang J, Ying J, Wu X. Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 1‐Acyl‐1,5‐dihydro‐2
H
‐pyrrol‐2‐ones from Propargyl Amines and Acid Chlorides. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018
| | - Jian‐Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018
| | - Xiao‐Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian Liaoning
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a 18059 Rostock
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Yang H, Zhang J, Chen Z, Wu XF. TFBen (Benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate): A Powerful and Versatile CO Surrogate. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100220. [PMID: 34591367 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbonylative reactions by the using of CO surrogates constitute a facile avenue for the assembly of valuable carbonyl-containing compounds due to the colorless, toxic, flammable, and not easy-handing character of carbon monoxide gas. Recent advances in the carbonylative transformations with TFBen (benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate) as a safe and convenient CO precursor are systematically summarized and discussed, which can be divided into three parts based on the patterns of the obtained products. This Review focuses on the discussion of the application of TFBen in carbonylative synthesis of various carbonyl-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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10
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Ni HQ, Cooper P, Engle KM. Recent advances in palladium-catalyzed (hetero)annulation of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds with ambiphilic organo(pseudo)halides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7610-7624. [PMID: 34278397 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Palladium has proven to be effective in catalyzing the (hetero)annulation of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds with ambiphilic organo(pseudo)halides. Through the employment of appropriate ambiphilic coupling partners, efficient annulation of a variety of allenes, 1,3-dienes, strained alkenes, styrenes, and other C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond variants can be achieved to provide direct access to numerous useful hetero- and carbocyclic scaffolds. In this Feature Article, we summarize palladium-catalyzed (hetero)annulation methods reported since 2005 (spanning just over 15 years) and discuss outstanding challenges in this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Ni
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Phillippa Cooper
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Keary M Engle
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, California, USA.
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11
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Liu H, Wei L, Chen Z. One-pot multi-step cascade protocols toward β-indolyl sulfoximidoyl amides via intermolecular trapping of an α-indolylpalladium complex by CO. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3359-3369. [PMID: 33899876 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various β-indolyl sulfoximidoyl amides were efficiently prepared from ortho-iodoanilines, propargyl bromides, 1 atm of CO, and substituted NH-sulfoximines, through a palladium-catalyzed indole annulation/carbonyl insertion/C-N bond formation cascade. Mostly good to high yields of the products were obtained through this multi-step, one-pot reaction protocol under very gentle reaction conditions. The obtained β-indolyl sulfoximidoyl amides could be converted into biologically interesting sulfoximine analogues that contain a tryptamine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Li Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China.
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12
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Wang JS, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Gao Q, Ying J, Wu XF. Cobalt-catalyzed carbonylative cycloaddition of substituted diynes to access complexed polycyclic compounds. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00725d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt-catalyzed domino Pauson–Khand and [4 + 2] cycloaddition of substituted diynes has been developed for the rapid construction of complexed polycyclic ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 116023 Dalian
- China
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13
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Wang JS, Yao L, Ying J, Luo X, Wu XF. Palladium-catalyzed directing group assisted and regioselectivity reversed cyclocarbonylation of arylallenes with 2-iodoanilines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed regioselective cyclocarbonylation of N-(2-pyridyl)sulfonyl (N-SO2Py)-2-iodoanilines with allenes was developed. The regioselectivity of arylallenes was reversed. Control experiments and DFT calculations were performed to understand the reaction details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Yao
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- 401331 Chongqing
- China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock
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Zhu WQ, Fang YC, Han WY, Li F, Yang MG, Chen YZ. Palladium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] annulation: access to chromone fused cyclopentanones with cyclopropenone as the CO source. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00222h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A variety of chromone fused cyclopentanones are efficiently generated in good to high yields via palladium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] annulation, in which cyclopropenone was utilized for the first time as the sole CO surrogate in the carbonylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chen Fang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563006
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563006
| | - Min-Ge Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563006
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15
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Yao L, Shang Y, Wang JS, Pan A, Ying J, Wu XF. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of 2-alkynylanilines and aryl iodides to access N-acyl indoles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00205h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of N-acyl indoles from 2-alkynylanilines and aryl iodides has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Yao
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Yan Shang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Jian-Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Ailin Pan
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Liaoning
- China
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Song KL, Wu B, Gan WE, Yang WC, Chen XB, Cao J, Xu LW. Palladium-catalyzed gaseous CO-free carbonylative C–C bond activation of cyclobutanones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed carbonylative C–C bond activation reaction of cyclobutanones is reported, and it affords a variety of indanones bearing ester or amide groups using phenyl formate and benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate as CO surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Long Song
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Wan-Er Gan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Wan-Chun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
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