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Wordsworth J, Benedetti TM, Somerville SV, Schuhmann W, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. The Influence of Nanoconfinement on Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200755. [PMID: 35403340 PMCID: PMC9401583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles and nanostructured electrodes are abundant in electrocatalysis. These nanometric systems contain elements of nanoconfinement in different degrees, depending on the geometry, which can have a much greater effect on the activity and selectivity than often considered. In this Review, we firstly identify the systems containing different degrees of nanoconfinement and how they can affect the activity and selectivity of electrocatalytic reactions. Then we follow with a fundamental understanding of how electrochemistry and electrocatalysis are affected by nanoconfinement, which is beginning to be uncovered, thanks to the development of new, atomically precise manufacturing and fabrication techniques as well as advances in theoretical modeling. The aim of this Review is to help us look beyond using nanostructuring as just a way to increase surface area, but also as a way to break the scaling relations imposed on electrocatalysis by thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Wordsworth
- School of ChemistryAustralian Centre for NanoMedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydney2052Australia
| | - Tania M. Benedetti
- School of ChemistryAustralian Centre for NanoMedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydney2052Australia
| | - Samuel V. Somerville
- School of ChemistryAustralian Centre for NanoMedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydney2052Australia
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- Electron Microscope UnitMark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydney2052Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of ChemistryAustralian Centre for NanoMedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydney2052Australia
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Ramadhan ZR, Poerwoprajitno AR, Cheong S, Webster RF, Kumar PV, Cychy S, Gloag L, Benedetti TM, Marjo CE, Muhler M, Wang DW, Gooding JJ, Schuhmann W, Tilley RD. Introducing Stacking Faults into Three-Dimensional Branched Nickel Nanoparticles for Improved Catalytic Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11094-11098. [PMID: 35713612 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Creating high surface area nanocatalysts that contain stacking faults is a promising strategy to improve catalytic activity. Stacking faults can tune the reactivity of the active sites, leading to improved catalytic performance. The formation of branched metal nanoparticles with control of the stacking fault density is synthetically challenging. In this work, we demonstrate that varying the branch width by altering the size of the seed that the branch grows off is an effective method to precisely tune the stacking fault density in branched Ni nanoparticles. A high density of stacking faults across the Ni branches was found to lower the energy barrier for Ni2+/Ni3+ oxidation and result in enhanced activity for electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxylmethylfurfural. These results show the ability to synthetically control the stacking fault density in branched nanoparticles as a basis for enhanced catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeno R Ramadhan
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard F Webster
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Priyank V Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Steffen Cychy
- Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lucy Gloag
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tania M Benedetti
- School of Environment and Science and Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martin Muhler
- Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Poerwoprajitno AR, Cheong S, Gloag L, Gooding JJ, Tilley RD. Synthetic Strategies to Enhance the Electrocatalytic Properties of Branched Metal Nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1693-1702. [PMID: 35616935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusBranched metal nanoparticles have unique catalytic properties because of their high surface area with multiple branches arranged in an open 3D structure that can interact with reacting species and tailorable branch surfaces that can maximize the exposure of desired catalytically active crystal facets. These exceptional properties have led to the exploration of the roles of branch structural features ranging from the number and dimensions of branches at the larger scales to the atomic-scale arrangement of atoms on precise crystal facets. The fundamental significance of how larger-scale branch structural features and atomic-scale surface faceting influence and control the catalytic properties has been at the forefront of the design of branched nanoparticles for catalysis. Current synthetic advances have enabled the formation of branched nanoparticles with an unprecedented degree of control over structural features down to the atomic scale, which have unlocked opportunities to make improved nanoparticle catalysts. These catalysts have high surface areas with controlled size and surface facets for achieving exceedingly high activity and stability. The synthetic advancement has recently led to the use of branched nanoparticles as ideal substrates that can be decorated with a second active metal in the form of islands and single atoms. These decorated branched nanoparticles have new and highly effective catalytic active sites where both branch metal and decorating metal play essential roles during catalysis.In the opening half of this Account, we critically assess the important structural features of branched nanoparticles that control catalytic properties. We first discuss the role of branch dimensions and the number of branches that can improve the surface area but can also trap gas bubbles. We then investigate the atomic-scale structural features of exposed surface facets, which are critical for enhancing catalytic activity and stability. Well-defined branched nanoparticles have led to a fundamental understanding of how the branch structural features influence the catalytic activity and stability, which we highlight for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and biomass oxidation. In discussing recent breakthroughs for branched nanoparticles, we explore the opportunities created by decorated branched nanoparticles and the unique bifunctional active sites that are exposed on the branched nanoparticle surfaces. This class of catalysts is of rapidly growing importance for reactions including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), where two exposed metals are required for efficient catalysis. In the second half of this Account, we explore recent advances in the synthesis of branched nanoparticles and highlight the cubic-core hexagonal-branch growth mechanism that has achieved excellent control of all of the important structural features, including branch dimensions, number of branches, and surface facets. We discuss the slow precursor reduction as an effective strategy for decorating metal islands with controlled loadings on the branched nanoparticle surfaces and the spread of these metal islands to form single-atom active sites. We envisage that the key synthetic and structural advances identified in this Account will guide the development of the next-generation electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucy Gloag
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Wordsworth J, Benedetti TM, Somerville SV, Schuhmann W, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. The Influence of Nanoconfinement on Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Analytische Chemie Universitätsstr 150 44780 Bochum GERMANY
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Electron Microscopy Unit AUSTRALIA
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