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Saito A, Shibasaki M. Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich-Type Reaction of α-Haloacetonitriles. Org Lett 2024; 26:7546-7550. [PMID: 39230954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
An asymmetric Mannich-type addition of aldimines and haloacetonitriles is reported here, yielding halogenated aminonitriles with excellent stereoselectivity, facilitated by a pincer Ni(II) complex as a catalyst. Haloacetonitriles are recognized as reactive electrophiles, and the possibility of their use as a pronucleophile has been almost neglected for many years. The resulting adduct can be readily converted into various valuable derivatives, including chiral aziridines, starting from chlorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
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2
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Yin X, Wang X, Song L, Zhang J, Wang X. Recent Progress in Synthesis of Alkyl Fluorinated Compounds with Multiple Contiguous Stereogenic Centers. Molecules 2024; 29:3677. [PMID: 39125080 PMCID: PMC11314154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic fluorides are widely used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, material sciences, and other fields due to the special physical and chemical properties of fluorine atoms. The synthesis of alkyl fluorinated compounds bearing multiple contiguous stereogenic centers is the most challenging research area in synthetic chemistry and has received extensive attention from chemists. This review summarized the important research progress in the field over the past decade, including asymmetric electrophilic fluorination and the asymmetric elaboration of fluorinated substrates (such as allylic alkylation reactions, hydrofunctionalization reactions, Mannich addition reactions, Michael addition reactions, aldol addition reactions, and miscellaneous reactions), with an emphasis on synthetic methodologies, substrate scopes, and reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.S.)
| | - Xihong Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Song
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.S.)
| | - Junxiong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.S.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.S.)
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Li Z, Fan L, Liu G. Recent advances in stereoselective construction of fluorinated quaternary carbon centers from fluorinated compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4592-4612. [PMID: 38771632 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00457d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
There are many fluorinated quaternary carbon structural units in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Organic chemists are interested in the stereoselective synthesis of fluorinated quaternary carbon structural units. Constructing a fluorinated quaternary carbon stereocenter can be achieved directly and efficiently by the asymmetric catalytic reaction of fluorinated compounds as substrates. This approach aims to construct fluorinated quaternary carbon stereocenters while diversifying the types of fluorinated compounds. This review introduces a series of reactions for synthesizing fluorinated quaternary carbon chiral centers through asymmetric organic catalysis and transition metal catalysis, including alkylation, arylation, Mannich, Michael addition, and allylation reactions. This work will contribute to the development of the synthesis of fluorinated quaternary carbon chiral center-containing compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot 010030, China.
| | - Lin Fan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot 010030, China.
| | - Guodu Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot 010030, China.
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Abstract
A palladium(phosphinoxazoline) catalyzed method for asymmetric allylic alkylation of α-aryl-α-fluoroacetonitriles is introduced. This reaction achieves C-C bond formation and incorporation of two adjacent chirality centers with moderate to good yields, high enantioselectivities, and up to 15:1 dr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Sripada
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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Adachi S, Saito A, Shibasaki M. Diastereoselective Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich-Type Reactions of Alkylnitriles with a Ni(II)-Carbene Complex. Org Lett 2022; 24:3901-3906. [PMID: 35608566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in reactions using alkylnitriles as carbon nucleophiles, diastereoselective direct catalytic asymmetric reactions, in which two consecutive chiral centers could be controlled, remain largely unexplored. Herein, we report the addition of alkylnitriles (such as propionitrile) to imines in the presence of a catalytic amount of a chiral pincer-type Ni-carbene complex and potassium 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide (KBHT). BHT and molecular sieves were used as additives to improve the yields, diastereoselectivity, and enantiomeric ratio up to >99%, 90:10 anti/syn, and 97.5:2.5 er, respectively. The Mannich adducts can be readily converted to the corresponding β-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Adachi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
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Shao N, Monnier V, Charles L, Rodriguez J, Bressy C, Quintard A. Multi‐catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Diols Containing a Tetrasubstituted Fluorinated Stereocenter. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Shao
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Valérie Monnier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille FSCM Marseille France
| | | | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Cyril Bressy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2 Marseille France
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7
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Shao N, Liu X, Monnier V, Charles L, Rodriguez J, Bressy C, Quintard A. Enantioselective Synthesis of Acyclic Stereotriads Featuring Fluorinated Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103874. [PMID: 34821417 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Elaboration of enantioenriched complex acyclic stereotriads represents a challenge for modern synthesis even more when fluorinated tetrasubstituted stereocenters are targeted. We have been able to develop a simple strategy in a sequence of two unprecedented steps combining a diastereoselective aldol-Tishchenko reaction and an enantioselective organocatalyzed kinetic resolution. The aldol-Tishchenko reaction directly generates a large panel of acyclic 1,3-diols possessing a fluorinated tetrasubstituted stereocenter by condensation of fluorinated ketones with aldehydes under very mild basic conditions. The anti 1,3-diols featuring three contiguous stereogenic centers are generated with excellent diastereocontrol (typically >99 : 1 dr). Depending upon the precursors both diastereomers of stereotriads are accessible through this flexible reaction. Furthermore, from the obtained racemic scaffolds, development of an organocatalyzed kinetic resolution enabled to generate the desired enantioenriched stereotriads with excellent selectivity (typically er >95 : 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shao
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Xueyang Liu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Valérie Monnier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Bressy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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Steber SE, Pham ANDL, Nelson E, Wolf C. Enantioseparation and racemization of α-aryl-α-fluoroacetonitriles. Chirality 2021; 33:891-898. [PMID: 34598313 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 2-Aryl-2-fluoroacetonitriles have garnered increasing interest as versatile building blocks in asymmetric synthesis. However, the configurational stability of these organofluorines is poorly understood and analytical methods that can be used to differentiate between their enantiomers remain underdeveloped. In this study, baseline high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enantioseparation of ten 2-aryl-2-fluoroacetonitriles was achieved by screening frequently used chiral stationary phases. While Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AD, and Chiralpak AS proved to be most broadly useful, preparative separation of the enantiomers of 2-(2-naphthyl)-2-fluoroacetonitrile was possible on Chiralcel OJ. This enabled racemization studies at various temperatures and in the presence of organic bases which showed that this compound is configurationally stable under neutral conditions upon heating to 130°C for 6 h but undergoes complete racemization within 10 h in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of a guanidine base at room temperature. The racemization is likely to proceed via formation of an achiral keteniminate intermediate and obeys reversible first-order reaction kinetics with a half-life time of 87.7 min in ethanolic hexanes at 23.2°C. Racemization is significantly slower and occurs with a half-life time of 23.1 h at 22.4°C when the guanidine is replaced with a weaker amidine base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Steber
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Angelette N D L Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Eryn Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Saito A, Adachi S, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Alkylnitriles to Aldehydes with Designed Nickel-Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8739-8743. [PMID: 33528875 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A direct catalytic asymmetric addition of acetonitrile to aldehydes that realizes over 90 % ee is the ultimate challenge in alkylnitrile addition chemistry. Herein, we report achieving high enantioselectivity by the strategic use of a sterically demanding NiII pincer carbene complex, which afforded highly enantioenriched β-hydroxynitriles. This highly atom-economical process paves the way for exploiting inexpensive acetonitrile as a promising C2 building block in a practical synthetic toolbox for asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Shinya Adachi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Naoya Kumagai
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
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Saito A, Adachi S, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Alkylnitriles to Aldehydes with Designed Nickel–Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Shinya Adachi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Naoya Kumagai
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
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