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Glaser T, Adamkiewicz A, Heep J, Höfer U, Dürr M. Chemoselective Adsorption of Allyl Ethers on Si(001): How the Interaction between Two Functional Groups Controls the Reactivity and Final Products of a Surface Reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7168-7174. [PMID: 38967830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Selective adsorption of multifunctional molecules is rarely observed when the different functional groups react via nonactivated reaction channels. Although the latter is also the case for ether cleavage and the adsorption of C=C double bonds on the highly reactive Si(001) surface, we find that allyl ethers, which combine both functional groups, react on Si(001) selectively via the cleavage of the molecules' ether group. In addition, our XPS measurements at 90, 150, and 300 K indicate an increased reactivity of the ether group when compared to monofunctional ethers. STM investigations furthermore reveal different final adsorption configurations after ether cleavage of allyl methyl ether when compared to diethyl ether as the monofunctional reference molecule. The interaction of the two functional groups in one molecule thus leads to new reaction channels with higher reactivity for ether cleavage on Si(001). As a further consequence, the reactivity of the C=C double bond is suppressed up to room temperature, leading to the observed selective adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Glaser
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexa Adamkiewicz
- Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julian Heep
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Höfer
- Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Alkyne-Functionalized Cyclooctyne on Si(001): Reactivity Studies and Surface Bonding from an Energy Decomposition Analysis Perspective. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216653. [PMID: 34771062 PMCID: PMC8586998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity and bonding of an ethinyl-functionalized cyclooctyne on Si(001) is studied by means of density functional theory. This system is promising for the organic functionalization of semiconductors. Singly bonded adsorption structures are obtained by [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of the cyclooctyne or ethinyl group with the Si(001) surface. A thermodynamic preference for adsorption with the cyclooctyne group in the on-top position is found and traced back to minimal structural deformation of the adsorbate and surface with the help of energy decomposition analysis for extended systems (pEDA). Starting from singly bonded structures, a plethora of reaction paths describing conformer changes and consecutive reactions with the surface are discussed. Strongly exothermic and exergonic reactions to doubly bonded structures are presented, while small reaction barriers highlight the high reactivity of the studied organic molecule on the Si(001) surface. Dynamic aspects of the competitive bonding of the functional groups are addressed by ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. Several trajectories for the doubly bonded structures are obtained in agreement with calculations using the nudged elastic band approach. However, our findings disagree with the experimental observations of selective adsorption by the cyclooctyne moiety, which is critically discussed.
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Glaser T, Meinecke J, Freund L, Länger C, Luy JN, Tonner R, Koert U, Dürr M. Click Chemistry in Ultra-high Vacuum - Tetrazine Coupling with Methyl Enol Ether Covalently Linked to Si(001). Chemistry 2021; 27:8082-8087. [PMID: 33848381 PMCID: PMC8252806 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The additive‐free tetrazine/enol ether click reaction was performed in ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) with an enol ether group covalently linked to a silicon surface: Dimethyl 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐3,6‐dicarboxylate molecules were coupled to the enol ether group of a functionalized cyclooctyne which was adsorbed on the silicon (001) surface via the strained triple bond of cyclooctyne. The reaction was observed at a substrate temperature of 380 K by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A moderate energy barrier was deduced for this click reaction in vacuum by means of density functional theory based calculations, in good agreement with the experimental results. This UHV‐compatible click reaction thus opens a new, flexible route for synthesizing covalently bound organic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Glaser
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jannick Meinecke
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Freund
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Länger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan-Niclas Luy
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Current address:, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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