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Lesiak L, Dadina N, Zheng S, Schelvis M, Schepartz A. A Bright, Photostable, and Far-Red Dye That Enables Multicolor, Time-Lapse, and Super-Resolution Imaging of Acidic Organelles. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:19-27. [PMID: 38292604 PMCID: PMC10823512 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes have long been known for their acidic lumens and efficient degradation of cellular byproducts. In recent years, it has become clear that their function is far more sophisticated, involving multiple cell signaling pathways and interactions with other organelles. Unfortunately, their acidic interior, fast dynamics, and small size make lysosomes difficult to image with fluorescence microscopy. Here we report a far-red small molecule, HMSiR680-Me, that fluoresces only under acidic conditions, causing selective labeling of acidic organelles in live cells. HMSiR680-Me can be used alongside other far-red dyes in multicolor imaging experiments and is superior to existing lysosome probes in terms of photostability and maintaining cell health and lysosome motility. We demonstrate that HMSiR680-Me is compatible with overnight time-lapse experiments as well as time-lapse super-resolution microscopy with a frame rate of 1.5 fps for at least 1000 frames. HMSiR680-Me can also be used alongside silicon rhodamine dyes in a multiplexed super-resolution microscopy experiment to visualize interactions between mitochondria and lysosomes with only a single excitation laser and simultaneous depletion. We envision this dye permitting a more detailed study of the role of lysosomes in dynamic cellular processes and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Lesiak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neville Dadina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marianne Schelvis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- California
Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chan
Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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Lesiak L, Dadina N, Zheng S, Schelvis M, Schepartz A. A Bright, Photostable Dye that Enables Multicolor, Time Lapse, and Super-Resolution Imaging of Acidic Organelles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.552058. [PMID: 37577591 PMCID: PMC10418513 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.552058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes have long been known for their acidic lumen and efficient degradation of cellular byproducts. In recent years it has become clear that their function is far more sophisticated, involving multiple cell signaling pathways and interactions with other organelles. Unfortunately, their acidic interior, fast dynamics, and small size makes lysosomes difficult to image with fluorescence microscopy. Here we report a far-red small molecule, HMSiR680-Me, that fluoresces only under acidic conditions, causing selective labeling of acidic organelles in live cells. HMSiR680-Me can be used alongside other far-red dyes in multicolor imaging experiments and is superior to existing lysosome probes in terms of photostability and maintaining cell health and lysosome motility. We demonstrate that HMSiR680-Me is compatible with overnight time lapse experiments, as well as time lapse super-resolution microscopy with a fast frame rate for at least 1000 frames. HMSiR680-Me can also be used alongside silicon rhodamine dyes in a multiplexed super-resolution microscopy experiment to visualize interactions between the inner mitochondrial membrane and lysosomes with only a single excitation laser and simultaneous depletion. We envision this dye permitting more detailed study of the role of lysosomes in dynamic cellular processes and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Lesiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neville Dadina
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marianne Schelvis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Fan M, Tang Y, Li C, Chen B, Wang T, Zhou P, Cui X. Enhanced Fluorescence by Inter/Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Si-Substituted Coumarins. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3187-3196. [PMID: 37015055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Introducing heteroatoms in organic fluorophores offers a unique strategy to tune their photophysical properties without dangling structural decorations. Silicon-substituted coumarins (Si-coumarins) are the analogues of coumarin with the substitution of ester oxygen atoms by silicon atoms. In Si-coumarins, significant fluorescence enhancement in protic solvents through the formation of inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) offered great potential in various aspects with many unique photophysical properties. The energies of nπ* and ππ* states in Si-coumarins are elaborately tuned by inter/intramolecular H-bonds and solvents after incorporating silicon atoms. For example, the inter/intramolecular H-bonds elevate the energy of the nπ* state in protic solvents, leading to an enlarged energy gap between the nπ* and ππ* states. Thus, fluorescence is enhanced by reducing the nonradiative transition through the nπ* state in coumarins, resulting in many unique photophysical properties. The understanding of H-bonds in Si-coumarins offers more potential strategies for the design of novel fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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Kundu S, Das S, Jaiswal S, Patra A. Molecular to Supramolecular Self-Assembled Luminogens for Tracking the Intracellular Organelle Dynamics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3623-3648. [PMID: 35834795 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the dynamics of intracellular organelles has gained immense attention due to their subtle control over diverse, complex biological processes such as cellular metabolism, energy homeostasis, and autophagy. In this context, molecular materials, including small-organic fluorescent probes and their supramolecular self-assembled nano-/microarchitectures, have been employed to explore the diverse intracellular biological events. However, only a handful of fluorescent probes and self-assembled emissive structures have been successfully used to track different organelle's movements, circumventing the issues related to water solubility and long-term photostability. Thus, the water-soluble molecular fluorescent probes and the water-dispersible supramolecular self-assemblies have emerged as promising candidates to explore the trafficking of the organelles under diverse physiological conditions. In this review, we have delineated the recent progress of fluorescent probes and their supramolecular self-assemblies for the elucidation of the dynamics of diverse cellular organelles with a special emphasis on lysosomes, lipid droplets, and mitochondria. Recent advancement in fluorescence lifetime and super-resolution microscopy imaging has also been discussed to investigate the dynamics of organelles. In addition, the fabrication of the next-generation molecular to supramolecular self-assembled luminogens for probing the variation of microenvironments during the trafficking process has been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Subhadeep Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpi Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Wang N, Hao Y, Feng X, Zhu H, Zhang D, Wang T, Cui X. Silicon-substituted rhodamines for stimulated emission depletion fluorescence nanoscopy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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