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Liu G, Xu S, Yue Y, Su C, Song W. Synthesis of thioesters using an electrochemical three-component reaction involving elemental sulfur. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6154-6157. [PMID: 38804515 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01910e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical three-component reaction involving elemental sulfur is disclosed for achieving a metal-free, oxidant-free synthesis of thioesters in a high atom-economical, step-economical and chemoselective manner. A mechanistic investigation indicates that the use of elemental sulfur to trap acyl radical derived from radical umpolung of α-keto acid with an electrochemical design can efficiently generate a carbonyl thiyl radical, which can further be captured by diazoalkane to afford various thioesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongbo Liu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Shuoyu Xu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yangyang Yue
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Changhui Su
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Wangze Song
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
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Shen N, Sun H, Li B, Xi B, An X, Li J, Xiong S. Dual-Functional Hosts for Polysulfides Conversion and Lithium Plating/Stripping towards Lithium-Sulfur Full Cells. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203031. [PMID: 36345668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The practical application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is greatly hindered by the shuttle effect of dissolved polysulfides in the sulfur cathode and the severe dendritic growth in the lithium anode. Adopting one type of effective host with dual-functions including both inhibiting polysulfide dissolution and regulating Li plating/stripping, is recently an emerging research highlight in Li-S battery. This review focuses on such dual-functional hosts and systematically summarizes the recent research progress and application scenarios. Firstly, this review briefly describes the stubborn issues in Li-S battery operations and the sophisticated counter measurements over the challenges by dual-functional behaviors. Then, the latest advances on dual-functional hosts for both cathode and anode in Li-S full cells are catalogued as species, including metal chalcogenides, metal carbides, metal nitrides, heterostuctures, and the possible mechanisms during the process. Besides, we also outlined the theoretical calculation tools for the dual-functional host based on the first principles. Finally, several sound perspectives are also rationally proposed for fundamental research and practical development as guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, P. R. China
| | - Hongxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, P. R. China
| | - Boya Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, P. R. China
| | - Baojuan Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xuguang An
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jingfa Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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Németh AG, Szabó R, Németh K, Keserű GM, Ábrányi-Balogh P. A stepwise one-pot synthesis of aliphatic thiols and their derivatives from acrylamides and sulfur. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4361-4368. [PMID: 35575267 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00512c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur enables the convenient formation of C-S bonds and the direct incoporation of S-S bonds. The reactivity of easily accessible electron deficient alkenes towards sulfur, however, is barely disclosed. Herein, we investigated the reactivity of acrylamides with sulfur and eventually developed a new pseudo-multicomponent reaction for the preparation of polysulfides. Sequential one-pot reduction led to diversely substituted thiols. Additional third stage one-pot modifications provided thioethers, unsymmetric disulfide and thioester.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Gy Németh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Renáta Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Németh
- MS Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György M Keserű
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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Fährmann J, Hilt G. Electrochemical Synthesis of Organic Polysulfides from Disulfides by Sulfur Insertion from S 8 and an Unexpected Solvent Effect on the Product Distribution. Chemistry 2021; 27:11141-11149. [PMID: 33938070 PMCID: PMC8453886 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical synthesis of organic polysulfides through sulfur insertion from elemental sulfur to disulfides or thiols is introduced. The highly economic, low-sensitive and low-priced reaction gives a mixture of polysulfides, whose distribution can be influenced by the addition of different amounts of carbon disulfide as co-solvent. To describe the variable distribution function of the polysulfides, a novel parameter, the "absorbance average sulfur amount in polysulfides" (SAP) was introduced and defined on the basis of the "number average molar mass" used in polymer chemistry. Various organic polysulfides were synthesized with variable volume fractions of carbon disulfide, and the yield of each polysulfide was determined by quantitative 13 C NMR. Moreover, by using two symmetrical disulfides or a disulfide and a thiol as starting materials, a mixture of symmetrical and asymmetrical polysulfides could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Fährmann
- Institut für ChemieUniversität OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–1126111OldenburgGermany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Institut für ChemieUniversität OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–1126111OldenburgGermany
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