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Nogueira JA, Batista BC, Cooper MA, Steinbock O. Nonclassical Crystallization Causes Dendritic and Band-Like Microscale Patterns in Inorganic Precipitates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306885. [PMID: 37463849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The self-organization of complex solids can create patterns extending hierarchically from the atomic to the macroscopic scale. A frequently studied model is the chemical garden system which consists of life-like precipitate shapes. In this study, we examine the thin walls of chemical gardens using microfluidic devices that yield linear Ni(OH)2 precipitate membranes. We observe distinct light-scattering patterns within the compositionally pure membranes, including disorganized spots, dendrites, and parallel bands. The bands are tilted with respect to the membrane axis and their spacing (20-100 μm) increases with increasing flow rates. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the bands consist of submicron particles embedded in a denser material and these particles are also found in the reactant stream. We propose that dendrites and bands arise from the attachment of solution-borne nanoparticles. The bands are generated by particle-aggregation zones moving upstream along the slowly advancing membrane surface. The speed of the aggregation zones is proportional to the band distance and defines the system's dispersion relation. This speed-wavelength dependence and the flow-opposing motion of the aggregation zones are likely caused by low particle concentrations in the wake of the zones that only slowly recover due to Brownian motion and particle nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica A Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Bruno C Batista
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Maggie A Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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Batista BC, Morris AZ, Steinbock O. Pattern selection by material aging: Modeling chemical gardens in two and three dimensions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305172120. [PMID: 37399415 PMCID: PMC10334770 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305172120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical gardens are complex, often macroscopic, structures formed by precipitation reactions. Their thin walls compartmentalize the system and adjust in size and shape if the volume of the interior reactant solution is increased by osmosis or active injection. Spatial confinement to a thin layer is known to result in various patterns including self-extending filaments and flower-like patterns organized around a continuous, expanding front. Here, we describe a cellular automaton model for this type of self-organization, in which each lattice site is occupied by one of the two reactants or the precipitate. Reactant injection causes the random replacement of precipitate and generates an expanding near-circular precipitate front. If this process includes an age bias favoring the replacement of fresh precipitate, thin-walled filaments arise and grow-like in the experiments-at the leading tip. In addition, the inclusion of a buoyancy effect allows the model to capture various branched and unbranched chemical garden shapes in two and three dimensions. Our results provide a model of chemical garden structures and highlight the importance of temporal changes in the self-healing membrane material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C. Batista
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306-4390
| | - Amari Z. Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306-4390
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306-4390
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Yao Y, Ye T, Ren J, Li H. Morphological Evolution of Calcite Grown in Zwitterionic Hydrogels: Charge Effects Enhanced by Gel-Incorporation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300169. [PMID: 36793152 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of charged biomacromolecules is widely found in biomineralization. To investigate the significance of this biological strategy for mineralization control, gelatin-incorporated calcite crystals grown from gelatin hydrogels with different charge concentrations along the gel networks are examined. It is found that the bound charged groups on gelatin networks (amino cations, gelatin-NH3 + and carboxylic anions, gelatin-COO- ) play crucial roles in controlling the single-crystallinity and the crystal morphology. And the charge effects are greatly enhanced by the gel-incorporation because the incorporated gel networks force the bound charged groups on them to attach to crystallization fronts. In contrast, ammonium ions (NH4 + ) and acetate ions (Ac- ) dissolve in the crystallization media do not exhibit the similar charge effects because the balance of attachment/detachment make them more difficult to be incorporated. Employing the revealed charge effects, the calcite crystal composites with different morphologies can be flexibly prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tao Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Zahorán R, Kumar P, Juhász Á, Horváth D, Tóth Á. Flow-driven synthesis of calcium phosphate-calcium alginate hybrid chemical gardens. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8157-8164. [PMID: 36263702 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Systems far-from-equilibrium self-assemble into spatiotemporal structures. Here, we report on the formation of calcium alginate gardens along with their inorganic hybrids when a sodium alginate solution containing sodium phosphate in various compositions is injected into a calcium chloride reservoir. The viscoelastic properties of the membranes developed are controlled by the injection rate, while their thickness by the amount of sodium phosphate besides diffusion. Inorganic hybrid membranes with constant thickness are synthesized in the presence of a sufficient amount of sodium phosphate. The electrochemical characterization of the membranes suggests that the driving force is the pH-gradient developing along the two sides; hence, the cell potential can be controlled by the addition of alkaline sodium phosphate into the sodium alginate solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Zahorán
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Ádám Juhász
- MTA-SZTE Lendület "Momentum" Noble Metal Nanostructures Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Dezső Horváth
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ágota Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
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Rieder J, Nützl M, Kunz W, Kellermeier M. Formation and Dynamic Behavior of Macroscopic Aluminum-Based Silica Gardens. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10392-10399. [PMID: 35976253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical gardens are self-assembled structures with intricate plant-like morphologies and consist of mineralized membranes, which form spontaneously at interfaces between compartments with dissimilar chemical composition, most typically acidic metal salt and alkaline sodium silicate solutions. While this phenomenon is thought to occur in a number of practical settings, it has also proven to be valuable for investigating transport characteristics in distinct applied systems. For example, coupled diffusion and precipitation processes were monitored in silica gardens based on calcium and iron salts, considered to be models for cement hydration and steel corrosion, respectively. Here we extend these studies to the case of aluminum-based silica gardens, one of the so far less frequently investigated examples of silica gardens. To this end, single macroscopic tubes were prepared in a reproducible way by the controlled addition of sodium silicate solution to a pellet of pressed aluminum nitrate. Continued sampling of the volumes enclosed by and surrounding the formed membraneous structure allowed the time-dependent development of ion concentration gradients to be tracked over extended periods of time, while both the pH and electrochemical potential differences across the membrane were recorded online by immersed probes. The dynamic behavior revealed in this way was finally complemented by ex-situ analyses of the composition of the formed tubes. The collected data shows that the as-prepared tubular structures consist of sodium aluminosilicate phases with certain similarities to zeolites and geopolymers. The emerging tube wall was further found to be permeable to all ionic species present in the system, allowing significant electrochemical potential to be sustained over tens of hours until diffusion had eventually diminished the initially generated gradients. The findings of this work may have important implications for the geochemical fate of natural aluminosilicate sources, the use of such geopolymers in construction applications, and the synthesis and properties of zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rieder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Nützl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kellermeier
- Material Science, BASF SE, RGA/BM - B007, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Angelis G, Katsanou ME, Giannopoulos-Dimitriou A, Vizirianakis IS, Pampalakis G. Generation of chemobrionic jellyfishes that mechanically divide, grow and exhibit biomimetic “symbiosis”. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Angelis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki: Aristoteleio Panepistemio Thessalonikes Pharmacy GREECE
| | - Maria-Eleni Katsanou
- Aristoteleio Panepistimio Thessalonikis: Aristoteleio Panepistemio Thessalonikes Pharmacy GREECE
| | | | - Ioannis S. Vizirianakis
- Aristoteleio Panepistimio Thessalonikis: Aristoteleio Panepistemio Thessalonikes Pharmacy GREECE
| | - Georgios Pampalakis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Pharmacy Pharmacy Panepistimioupolis 54124 Thessaloniki GREECE
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Batista BC, Steinbock O. Perovskite chemical gardens: highly fluorescent microtubes from self-assembly and ion exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12736-12739. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the shape-preserving conversion of self-assembled CaCO3 microtubes to PbCO3 and MAPbBr3 perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C. Batista
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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