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Ma C, Tian L, Wang YE, Huo J, An Z, Sun S, Kou S, Wang W, Li Y, Zhang J, Chen L. Discovery of Novel Pyrazole Acyl Thiourea Skeleton Analogue as Potential Herbicide Candidates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7727-7734. [PMID: 38530940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
To discover novel transketolase (TKL, EC 2.2.1.1) inhibitors with potential herbicidal applications, a series of pyrazole acyl thiourea derivatives were designed based on a previously obtained pyrazolamide acyl lead compound, employing a scaffold hopping strategy. The compounds were synthesized, their structures were characterized, and they were evaluated for herbicidal activities. The results indicate that 7a exhibited exceptional herbicidal activity against Digitaria sanguinalis and Amaranthus retroflexus at a dosage of 90 g ai/ha, using the foliar spray method in a greenhouse. This performance is comparable to that of commercial products, such as nicosulfuron and mesotrione. Moreover, 7a showed moderate growth inhibitory activity against the young root and stem of A. retroflexus at 200 mg/L in the small cup method, similar to that of nicosulfuron and mesotrione. Subsequent mode-of-action verification experiments revealed that 7a and 7e inhibited Setaria viridis TKL (SvTKL) enzyme activity, with IC50 values of 0.740 and 0.474 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, they exhibited inhibitory effects on the Brassica napus acetohydroxyacid synthase enzyme activity. Molecular docking predicted potential interactions between these (7a and 7e) and SvTKL. A greenhouse experiment demonstrated that 7a exhibited favorable crop safety at 150 g ai/ha. Therefore, 7a is a promising herbicidal candidate that is worthy of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujian Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Luyang Tian
- Bohai College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Jingqian Huo
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Zexiu An
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Susu Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Song Kou
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Yaze Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Lai Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
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Santiago KAA, Wong WC, Goh YK, Tey SH, Ting ASY. Pathogenicity of monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia of Ganoderma boninense revealed via LC-MS-based metabolomics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5330. [PMID: 38438519 PMCID: PMC10912678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the pathogenicity of monokaryotic (monokaryon) and dikaryotic (dikaryon) mycelia of the oil palm pathogen Ganoderma boninense via metabolomics approach. Ethyl acetate crude extracts of monokaryon and dikaryon were analysed by liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF-MS) coupled with multivariate data analysis using MetaboAnalyst. The mummichog algorithm was also used to identify the functional activities of monokaryon and dikaryon without a priori identification of all their secondary metabolites. Results revealed that monokaryon produced lesser fungal metabolites than dikaryon, suggesting that monokaryon had a lower possibility of inducing plant infection. These findings were further supported by the identified functional activities. Monokaryon exhibits tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan metabolism, which are important for fungal growth and development and to produce toxin precursors. In contrast, dikaryon exhibits the metabolism of cysteine and methionine, arginine and proline, and phenylalanine, which are important for fungal growth, development, virulence, and pathogenicity. As such, monokaryon is rendered non-pathogenic as it produces growth metabolites and toxin precursors, whereas dikaryon is pathogenic as it produces metabolites that are involved in fungal growth and pathogenicity. The LC-MS-based metabolomics approach contributes significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of Ganoderma boninense, which is essential for disease management in oil palm plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle Angelique A Santiago
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wei Chee Wong
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd., 11 Jalan Teknologi 3/6, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - You Keng Goh
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd., 11 Jalan Teknologi 3/6, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Seng Heng Tey
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd., 11 Jalan Teknologi 3/6, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Su Yien Ting
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Betschart L, Altmann KH. Total Synthesis of Isoxeniolide A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315423. [PMID: 38118052 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Isoxeniolide A is a highly strained xenicane diterpenoid of marine origin. This natural product is representative for a subfamily of xenicanes incorporating an allylic hydroxy group in the nine-membered ring; members of this xenicane subfamily so far have not been targeted by total synthesis. Herein, we describe the first asymmetric total synthesis of isoxeniolide A. Key to forming the challenging E-configured cyclononene ring was a diastereoselective intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. Other important transformations include an enzymatic desymmetrization for absolute stereocontrol, a diastereoselective cuprate addition and the use of a bifunctional vinyl silane building block. Our strategy also permits access to the enantiomer of the natural product and holds potential to access a multitude of xenicane natural products and analogs for structure-activity relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Betschart
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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Steinborn C, Huber T, Lichtenegger J, Plangger I, Höfler D, Schnell SD, Weisheit L, Mayer P, Wurst K, Magauer T. Synthesis of Waixenicin A: Exploring Strategies for Nine-Membered Ring Formation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303489. [PMID: 37942708 PMCID: PMC7615592 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive account on our efforts behind the recently published synthesis of waixenicin A. Our approach for constructing the dihydropyran ring relied on an Achmatowicz rearrangement. For the assembly of the nine-membered ring, four distinct strategies were investigated. Our initial attempts using radical-based addition/fragmentation reactions targeting the C7-C11 bond proved unsuitable for accessing the 6/9-bicycle. By employing anionic fragmentation conditions at the furfuryl alcohol stage, we successfully reached a 5/9-bicycle. However, subsequent ring-expansion was unsuccessful. Alternative approaches, such as Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi or Heck reactions to connect the C6-C7 bond, also encountered difficulties, with no nine-membered ring formation observed. Our first breakthrough came from our attempts to install the C5-C6 bond via an intramolecular alkylation. Surprisingly, subsequent functional group modifications proved unexpectedly challenging, necessitating a redesign of our synthetic route. Drawing from all our investigations, we concluded that construction of the C9-C10 bond would enable efficient nine-membered ring alkylation and would facilitate the installation of the desired substitution pattern along the southern periphery. Exploration of this strategy yielded further surprises but ultimately led to the successful synthesis of waixenicin A and 9-deacetoxy-14,15-deepoxyxeniculin. For the latter compound, a bioinspired one-step rearrangement to xeniafauranol A was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatjana Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Lichtenegger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Immanuel Plangger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Denis Höfler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon D Schnell
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lara Weisheit
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic & Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Steinborn C, Tancredi A, Habiger C, Diederich C, Kramer J, Reingruber AM, Laber B, Freigang J, Lange G, Schmutzler D, Machettira A, Besong G, Magauer T, Barber DM. Investigations into Simplified Analogues of the Herbicidal Natural Product (+)-Cornexistin. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300199. [PMID: 36807428 PMCID: PMC7614749 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of simplified analogues of the herbicidal natural product (+)-cornexistin. Guided by an X-Ray co-crystal structure of cornexistin bound to transketolase from Zea mays, we attempted to identify the key interactions that are necessary for cornexistin to maintain its herbicidal profile. This resulted in the preparation of three novel analogues investigating the importance of substituents that are located on the nine-membered ring of cornexistin. One analogue maintained a good level of biological activity and could provide researchers insights in how to further optimize the structure of cornexistin for commercialization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aldo Tancredi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Habiger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Diederich
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Kramer
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna M Reingruber
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Laber
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Freigang
- Research & Development, Hit Discovery Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Gudrun Lange
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Schmutzler
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anu Machettira
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gilbert Besong
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David M Barber
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Steinborn C, Huber T, Lichtenegger J, Plangger I, Wurst K, Magauer T. Total Syntheses of (+)-Waixenicin A, (+)-9-Deacetoxy-14,15-deepoxyxeniculin, and (-)-Xeniafaraunol A. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11811-11817. [PMID: 37192136 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of the Xenia diterpenoid waixenicin A, a potent and highly selective TRPM7 inhibitor, is reported. The characteristic trans-fused oxabicyclo[7.4.0]tridecane ring system was constructed via a diastereoselective conjugate addition/trapping sequence, followed by an intramolecular alkylation to forge the 9-membered ring. While a β-keto sulfone motif enabled efficient ring-closure, the subsequent radical desulfonylation suffered from (E)/(Z)-isomerization of the C7/C8-alkene. Conducting the sequence with a trimethylsilylethyl ester allowed for a fluoride-mediated decarboxylation that proceeded without detectable isomerization. The acid-labile enol acetal of the delicate dihydropyran core was introduced at an early stage and temporarily deactivated by a triflate function. The latter was critical for the introduction of the side chain. Diverting from a common late-stage intermediate provided access to waixenicin A and 9-deacetoxy-14,15-deepoxyxeniculin. A high-yielding base-mediated dihydropyran-cyclohexene rearrangement of 9-deacetoxy-14,15-deepoxyxeniculin led to xeniafaraunol A in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatjana Huber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Lichtenegger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Immanuel Plangger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic & Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Williams K, Szwalbe AJ, de Mattos-Shipley KMJ, Bailey AM, Cox RJ, Willis CL. Maleidride biosynthesis - construction of dimeric anhydrides - more than just heads or tails. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:128-157. [PMID: 36129067 PMCID: PMC9890510 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00041e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to early 2022Maleidrides are a family of polyketide-based dimeric natural products isolated from fungi. Many maleidrides possess significant bioactivities, making them attractive pharmaceutical or agrochemical lead compounds. Their unusual biosynthetic pathways have fascinated scientists for decades, with recent advances in our bioinformatic and enzymatic understanding providing further insights into their construction. However, many intriguing questions remain, including exactly how the enzymatic dimerisation, which creates the diverse core structure of the maleidrides, is controlled. This review will explore the literature from the initial isolation of maleidride compounds in the 1930s, through the first full structural elucidation in the 1960s, to the most recent in vivo, in vitro, and in silico analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | | | | | - Andy M. Bailey
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol24 Tyndall AveBristol BS8 1TQUK
| | - Russell J. Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz University of HannoverSchneiderberg 3830167HannoverGermany
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Wildermuth RE, Steinborn C, Barber DM, Mühlfenzl KS, Kendlbacher M, Mayer P, Wurst K, Magauer T. Evolution of a Strategy for the Total Synthesis of (+)-Cornexistin. Chemistry 2021; 27:12181-12189. [PMID: 34105834 PMCID: PMC8457225 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein is given a full account of the evolution of the first total synthesis of (+)-cornexistin. Initial efforts were based on masking the reactive maleic anhydride moiety as a 3,4-substituted furan and on forming the nine-membered carbocycle in an intramolecular Conia-ene or Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction. Those strategies suffered from low yields and were jeopardized by a late-stage installation of the Z-alkene, as well as the stereocenters along the eastern periphery. These issues were addressed by employing a chiral-pool strategy that involved construction of the crucial stereocenters at C2, C3 and C8 at an early stage with installation of the maleic anhydride as late as possible. The successful approach featured an intermolecular NHK coupling to install the Z-alkene, a syn-Evans-aldol reaction to forge the stereocenters along the eastern periphery, an intramolecular allylic alkylation to close the nine-membered carbocycle, and a challenging stepwise hydrolysis of a β-keto nitrile to furnish the maleic anhydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael E. Wildermuth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - David M. Barber
- Research & DevelopmentWeed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG Crop Science Division Industriepark Höchst65926Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Kim S. Mühlfenzl
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Mario Kendlbacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of GeneralInorganic & Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
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