1
|
Shan W, Zi Y, Chen H, Li M, Luo M, Oo TZ, Lwin NW, Aung SH, Tang D, Ying G, Chen F, Chen Y. Coupling redox flow desalination with lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121205. [PMID: 38301527 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical redox flow desalination is an emerging method to obtain freshwater; however, the costly requirement for continuously supplying and regenerating redox species limits their practical applications. Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is a growing challenge for their sustainable utilization. Existing battery recycling methods often involve massive secondary pollution. Here, we demonstrate a redox flow system to couple redox flow desalination with lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries. The spontaneous reaction between a battery cathode material (LiFePO4) and ferricyanide enables the continuous regeneration of the redox species required for desalination. Several critical operating parameters are optimized, including current density, the concentrations of redox species, salt concentrations of brine, and the amounts of added LiFePO4. With the addition of 0.5920 g of spent LiFePO4 in five consecutive batches, the system can operate over 24 h, achieving 70.46 % lithium recovery in the form of LiCl aqueous solution at the concentration of 6.716 g·L-1. Simultaneously, the brine (25 mL, 10000 ppm NaCl) was desalinated to freshwater. Detailed cost analysis shows that this redox flow system could generate a revenue of ¥ 13.66 per kg of processed spent lithium-ion batteries with low energy consumption (0.77 MJ kg-1) and few greenhouse gas emissions indicating excellent economic and environmental benefits over existing lithium-ion battery recycling technologies, such as pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods. This work opens a new approach to holistically addressing water and energy challenges to achieve sustainable development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shan
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yang Zi
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Hedong Chen
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Minzhang Li
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Min Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Than Zaw Oo
- Department of Physics, Materials Research Laboratory, University of Mandalay, Mandalay 05032, Myanmar
| | - Nyein Wint Lwin
- Department of Physics, Materials Research Laboratory, University of Mandalay, Mandalay 05032, Myanmar
| | - Su Htike Aung
- Department of Physics, Materials Research Laboratory, University of Mandalay, Mandalay 05032, Myanmar
| | - Danling Tang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Guangguo Ying
- Environmental Research Institute/School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fuming Chen
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lan Y, Li X, Zhou G, Yao W, Cheng H, Tang Y. Direct Regenerating Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304425. [PMID: 37955914 PMCID: PMC10767406 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Recycling cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is critical to a sustainable society as it will relief valuable but scarce recourse crises and reduce environment burdens simultaneously. Different from conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods, direct regeneration relies on non-destructive cathode-to-cathode mode, and therefore, more time and energy-saving along with an increased economic return and reduced CO2 footprint. This review retrospects the history of direct regeneration and discusses state-of-the-art development. The reported methods, including high-temperature solid-state, hydrothermal/ionothermal, molten salt thermochemistry, and electrochemical method, are comparatively introduced, targeting at illustrating their underlying regeneration mechanism and applicability. Further, representative repairing and upcycling studies on wide-applied cathodes, including LiCoO2 (LCO), ternary oxides, LiFePO4 (LFP), and LiMn2 O4 (LMO), are presented, with an emphasis on milestone cases. Despite these achievements, there remain several critical issues that shall be addressed before the commercialization of the mentioned direct regeneration methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Lan
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Xinke Li
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
- Nano Science and Technology InstituteUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou215123China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene CenterTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Wenjiao Yao
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Carbon NeutralityShenzhen518055China
| | - Hui‐Ming Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Carbon NeutralityShenzhen518055China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon NeutralityShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences ShenzhenShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Yongbing Tang
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang J, Tang D, Liu Y, Huang Y, He W, Liu Y, Ji X, Li W, Li J. Hydrogen-Treated Spent Lithium Cobalt Oxide as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihu Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Dan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yaling Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenhao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenzhang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, Central South University, 932 Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang S, Peng B, Lu J, Jie Y, Li X, Pan Y, Han Y, Cao R, Xu D, Jiao S. Recent Progress in Rechargeable Sodium Metal Batteries: A Review. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202380. [PMID: 36210331 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have been widely studied owing to their relatively high energy density and abundant resources. However, they still need systematic improvement to fulfill the harsh operating conditions for their commercialization. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in SMBs in terms of sodium anode modification, electrolyte exploration, and cathode design. Firstly, we give an overview of the current challenges facing Na metal anodes and the corresponding solutions. Then, the traditional liquid electrolytes and the prospective solid electrolytes for SMBs are summarized. In addition, insertion- and conversion-type cathode materials are introduced. Finally, an outlook for the future of practical SMBs is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety, Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Jie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuxue Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yehu Han
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ruiguo Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuhong Jiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|