1
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Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca M, Gaona MA, Sánchez-Barba LF, Garcés A, Rodríguez AM, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Castro-Osma JA, Lara-Sánchez A. Zinc-Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynyl Derivatives: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Insights. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13875-13885. [PMID: 39011646 PMCID: PMC11289758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Novel alkyl zinc complexes supported by acetamidate/thioacetamidate heteroscorpionate ligands have been successfully synthesized and characterized. These complexes exhibited different coordination modes depending on the electronic and steric effects of the acetamidate/thioacetamidate moiety. Their catalytic activity has been tested toward the hydroelementation reactions of alkynyl alcohol/acid substrates, affording the corresponding enol ether/unsaturated lactone products under mild reaction conditions. Kinetic studies have been performed and confirmed that reactions are first-order in [catalyst] and zero-order in [alkynyl substrate]. DFT calculations supported a reaction mechanism through the formation of the catalytically active species, an alkoxide-zinc intermediate, by a protonolysis reaction of the Zn-alkyl bond with the alcohol group of the substrate. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, a catalytic cycle has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca
- Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en
Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias
y Tecnologías Químicas, Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Gaona
- Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en
Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias
y Tecnologías Químicas, Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Luis F. Sánchez-Barba
- Departamento
de Biología y Geología, Física y Química
Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan
Carlos, Móstoles 28933, Spain
| | - Andrés Garcés
- Departamento
de Biología y Geología, Física y Química
Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan
Carlos, Móstoles 28933, Spain
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en
Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias
y Tecnologías Químicas, Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA),
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La
Mancha, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - José A. Castro-Osma
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA),
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La
Mancha, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en
Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias
y Tecnologías Químicas, Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
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2
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Barik P, Behera SS, Nayak LK, Nanda LN, Nanda SK, Patri P. Transition metal catalysed cascade C-C and C-O bond forming events of alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5052-5086. [PMID: 38856756 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02044d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed the emergence of domino reactions as a powerful tool for the multi-functionalization of alkynes for the rapid and smooth construction of complex molecular architectures. In this context, employing transition metal catalysis, vicinal/geminal cascade functionalization of alkynes involving C-C and C-O bond-formation reactions, has become a preferred strategy for the synthesis of oxygenated motifs. Despite this significant progress, reviews documenting such strategies are either metal/functional group-centric or target-oriented, thus hampering further developments. Therefore, in this review, different conceptual approaches based on C-C and C-O bond-forming events of alkynes such as carboxygenation (C-C and CO bond formation), carboalkoxylation (C-C and C-OR bond formation), and carboacetoxylation (C-C and C-OAc bond formations) are discussed, and examples from the literature from the last two decades are presented. Further, we have presented detailed insights into the mechanism of different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanava Barik
- PG Department of Chemistry, Bhadrak Autonomous College, Bhadrak, Odisha, 756100, India.
| | | | - Laxmi Kanta Nayak
- PG Department of Chemistry, Bhadrak Autonomous College, Bhadrak, Odisha, 756100, India.
| | | | - Santosh Kumar Nanda
- PG Department of Chemistry, Bhadrak Autonomous College, Bhadrak, Odisha, 756100, India.
| | - Padmanava Patri
- PG Department of Chemistry, Bhadrak Autonomous College, Bhadrak, Odisha, 756100, India.
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3
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Wu F, Chang J, Bai D. Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Dialkyl Ethers via Palladium-Catalyzed Fluoro-alkoxylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4953-4957. [PMID: 38815137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Organofluorine compounds are of high value in medicinal and agricultural chemistry. Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed fluoro-alkoxylation of gem-difluoroalkenes for the synthesis of much more challenging sterically hindered ethers. This reaction represents a direct synthesis method for α-trifluoromethyl ethers with a broad functional group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity. This system employs N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as an electrophilic fluorine source and alcohols as nucleophilic donors, including but not limited to sterically hindered tert-substituted alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Dachang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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4
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Cook A, Newman SG. Alcohols as Substrates in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arylation, Alkylation, and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6078-6144. [PMID: 38630862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are abundant and attractive feedstock molecules for organic synthesis. Many methods for their functionalization require them to first be converted into a more activated derivative, while recent years have seen a vast increase in the number of complexity-building transformations that directly harness unprotected alcohols. This Review discusses how transition metal catalysis can be used toward this goal. These transformations are broadly classified into three categories. Deoxygenative functionalizations, representing derivatization of the C-O bond, enable the alcohol to act as a leaving group toward the formation of new C-C bonds. Etherifications, characterized by derivatization of the O-H bond, represent classical reactivity that has been modernized to include mild reaction conditions, diverse reaction partners, and high selectivities. Lastly, chain functionalization reactions are described, wherein the alcohol group acts as a mediator in formal C-H functionalization reactions of the alkyl backbone. Each of these three classes of transformation will be discussed in context of intermolecular arylation, alkylation, and related reactions, illustrating how catalysis can enable alcohols to be directly harnessed for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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5
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Wang Y, Ma B, Mao Y, Wang Z, Peng J, Chen C, Li Z. Titanium-catalyzed highly stereoselective anti-Markovnikov intermolecular hydroalkoxylation of alkynes to prepare Z-enol ethers. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9422-9427. [PMID: 37987684 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Enol ethers are essential synthetic frameworks and widely applied in organic synthesis; however, high regio- and stereo-selective access to enol ethers remains challenging. Herein, we report a titanium-catalyzed stereospecific anti-Markovnikov hydroalkoxylation reaction of alkynes for the synthesis of Z-enol ethers with excellent functional group tolerance and yields. Mechanistic studies showed that the titanium coordinates with the alkyne and then an oxygen anion attacks the π-bond of the alkyne from the backside to provide a trans-oxygen metallation intermediate, which accounts for the high Z-stereoselectivity. Furthermore, Z-enol ethers could be applied as a kind of synthon for late-stage transformations and gram-scale synthesis, which demonstrates their potential value in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, College of Chemistry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Biao Ma
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, College of Chemistry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yingning Mao
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, College of Chemistry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, College of Chemistry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Jinsong Peng
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, College of Chemistry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, College of Chemistry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhanyu Li
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, College of Chemistry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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6
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Liang YE, Chang MY, Ho H, Chiou CT, Barve BD, Li WT. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Endo- dig Cycloisomerization and Olefination with Alkenes to Access Fused Oxatricyclic Compounds. Org Lett 2023; 25:8194-8198. [PMID: 37962852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel cascade Pd(II)-catalyzed endo-dig cycloisomerization and olefination reaction of 2-benzyl-3-alkynyl chromones with activated/unactivated alkenes has been developed for the synthesis of fused oxatricyclic compounds. This concise one-pot synthetic approach was applied to the difunctionalization of unbiased alkynes based on 2-benzyl-3-(alkynyl)-4H-chromen-4-one via O-attack endo-dig cycloisomerization, followed by olefination with both activated and unactivated alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-En Liang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112304, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yiang Chang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112304, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsi Ho
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112304, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Tang Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112304, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Balaji D Barve
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112304, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Tai Li
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112304, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan, R.O.C
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7
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Gharpure SJ, Fartade DJ, Nanda SK, Somani S. Hydroalkoxylation-Initiated Cascade on Sulfone-Tethered Aryl Alkynols Gives Cyclic and Spiro-Heterocyclic β-Ketosulfones. Org Lett 2023; 25:6155-6160. [PMID: 37561988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Serendipitous formation of cyclic β-ketosulfones is observed when sulfone-tethered arylalkynols are reacted with base. The reaction involves a base-promoted propargyl sulfone to the allene isomerization/intramolecular hydroalkoxylation/retro-oxa-Michael/6-endo-trig Michael addition cascade. Sulfone-tethered alkynyl acrylates gave stereoselective access to a diverse array of spirocyclic β-ketosulfone benzofuran/isochroman/indolines and sulfone-tethered bridged bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane. These cyclic β-ketosulfones could be readily elaborated into benzofuran-fused cyclic sulfones and tetracyclic spiroindoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Dipak J Fartade
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Santosh K Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shipra Somani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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8
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Zhang XQ, Zhang C, Hu Z, Wang Y. Gold-Catalyzed Divergent N/ O-Vinylations of trans-2-Butene-1,4-amino Alcohols with Alkynes and the Cascade Rearrangements/Cyclizations to Dihydropyrroles and Dihydrofurans. Org Lett 2023; 25:5800-5805. [PMID: 37498148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Although the transition-metal-catalyzed vinylations of amines and alcohols via the additions to alkynes have been well developed, the selective vinylations of amino alcohols have been merely investigated. Herein, we report the gold-catalyzed divergent additions of trans-2-butene-1,4-amino alcohols' N-H and O-H groups to alkynes. The allyl enamine and allyl vinyl ether adducts then underwent a cascade (Aza-) Claisen rearrangement/cyclization sequence, furnishing the functionalized dihydropyrrole and dihydrofuran products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Congdi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhiyou Hu
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Youliang Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an 710049, China
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9
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Tarrach X, Yang J, Soleiman-Beigi M, Díez-González S. Straightforward and Efficient Deuteration of Terminal Alkynes with Copper Catalysis. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mild and effective preparation of deuterated organic molecules is an active area of research due to their important applications. Herein, we report an air-stable and easy to access copper(I) complex as catalyst for the deuteration of mono-substituted alkynes. Reactions were carried out in technical solvents and in the presence of air, to obtain excellent deuterium incorporation in a range of functionalised alkynes.
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10
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Garre MS, Otárola GG, Merino E, Sucunza D, Aguilar E, Quirós MT, Vaquero JJ, García-García P. Gold-catalyzed endo-selective cyclization of alkynylcyclobutanecarboxamides: synthesis of cyclobutane-fused dihydropyridones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2705-2708. [PMID: 36919647 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclobutane-fused dihydropyridones can be efficiently synthesized by a completely endo-selective gold-catalyzed cyclization of alkynylcyclobutanes bearing an appended amide, which proceeds under mild conditions. The observed selectivity, which is reversed from that previously observed for the cyclization of related alcohols and acids, is supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soledad Garre
- Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo G Otárola
- Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estíbaliz Merino
- Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Sucunza
- Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Aguilar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Teresa Quirós
- Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan J Vaquero
- Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia García-García
- Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Facultad de Farmacia, Autovía A-II, Km 33.1, 28805-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Li Q, Wang Z, Dong VM, Yang XH. Enantioselective Hydroalkoxylation of 1,3-Dienes via Ni-Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3909-3914. [PMID: 36763788 PMCID: PMC9951252 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
As an advance in hydrofunctionalization, we herein report that alcohols add to 1,3-dienes with high regio- and enantioselectivity. Using Ni-DuPhos, we access enantioenriched allylic ethers. Through the choice of solvent-free conditions, we control the reversibility of C-O bond formation. This work showcases a rare example of methanol as a reagent in asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Advanced
Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Advanced
Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Vy M. Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California−Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Xiao-Hui Yang
- Advanced
Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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12
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Liang YE, Kan CY, Barve BD, Chen YA, Li WT. Palladium-Catalyzed Chemo- and Regiocontrolled Tandem Cyclization/Cross-Coupling of 2-Benzyl-3-alkynyl Chromones with Aryl Iodides for the Synthesis of 4 H-Furo[3,2- c]chromenes and Xanthones. Org Lett 2022; 24:6728-6733. [PMID: 35943329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel Pd-catalyzed chemo- and regiocontrolled tandem cyclization/cross-coupling reaction of 3-alkynyl chromone with aryl iodide was developed for the synthesis of 4H-furo[3,2-c]chromenes and xanthones. The difunctionalization of alkynes through O-attack/5-exo-dig and C-attack/6-endo-dig cyclization was reported by this rare approach, which was selectively controlled by the addition of KF or a bidentate phosphine ligand. A one-pot tandem process was demonstrated directly from γ-alkynyl-1,3-diketone for this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-En Liang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yu Kan
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Balaji D Barve
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-An Chen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Tai Li
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
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13
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Luo C, Alegre-Requena JV, Sujansky SJ, Pajk SP, Gallegos LC, Paton RS, Bandar JS. Mechanistic Studies Yield Improved Protocols for Base-Catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Alcohol Addition Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9586-9596. [PMID: 35605253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic anti-Markovnikov addition of alcohols to simple alkenes is a longstanding synthetic challenge. We recently disclosed the use of organic superbase catalysis for the nucleophilic addition of alcohols to activated styrene derivatives. This article describes mechanistic studies on this reversible reaction, including thermodynamic and kinetic profiling as well as computational modeling. Our findings show the negative entropy of addition is counterbalanced by an enthalpy that is most favored in nonpolar solvents. However, a large negative alcohol rate order under these conditions indicates excess alcohol sequesters the active alkoxide ion pairs, slowing the reaction rate. These observations led to an unexpected solution to a thermodynamically challenging reaction: use of less alcohol enables faster addition, which in turn allows for lower reaction temperatures to counteract Le Chatelier's principle. Thus, our original method has been improved with new protocols that do not require excess alcohol stoichiometry, enable an expanded alkene substrate scope, and allow for the use of more practical catalyst systems. The generality of this insight for other challenging hydroetherification reactions is also demonstrated through new alkenol cyclization and oxa-Michael addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Stephen J Sujansky
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Spencer P Pajk
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Liliana C Gallegos
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Ren ZL, Qiu JY, Yuan LL, Yuan YF, Cai S, Li J, Kong C, He P, Wang L. Divergent Conversion of Double Isocyanides with Alkenyl Bromide to Polysubstituted Pyrroles and 4-Imino-4,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrol-6(1 H)-one Derivatives by Pd-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization Reactions. Org Lett 2022; 24:859-863. [PMID: 35019658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein a novel and concise approach to pyrrole skeletons via Pd-catalyzed tandem cyclization reactions is investigated. The substrates for the transformation could be readily prepared by phosphoric acid-catalyzed Ugi reactions with available starting materials. In this strategy, two isocyanides participate in sequential isocyanide insertion reactions, and the chemoselectivity of the products is regulated by the steric hindrance of the isocyanide. A plausible mechanism for the formation of the corresponding adducts is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lin Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ying Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Fei Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Cai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, P. R. China
| | - Chi Kong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, P. R. China
| | - Ping He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, P. R. China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P. R. China
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