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Flecken F, Knapp A, Grell T, Dreßler C, Hanf S. Acute Bite Angle POP- and PSP-Type Ligands and Their Trinuclear Copper(I) Complexes: Synthesis and Photo-Luminescence Properties. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13038-13049. [PMID: 37535941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, the rational synthesis of trinuclear copper complexes, incorporating acute bite angle POP- and PSP-type ligands, is reported. The in situ formation of POP (Ph2P-O-PPh2) or PSP (Ph2P-S-PPh2) ligands in the presence of a copper(I) precursor gave access to various trinuclear copper complexes of the form [Cu3(μ3-Hal)2(μ-PXP)3]PF6 [X = O; Hal = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3) and X = S; Hal = Cl (5), Br (6), I (7)]. Related iodide-containing complexes and clusters, such as [Cu4(μ3-I)4(Ph2PI)4] (4) and [Cu3(μ3-I)2(μ-I)(μ-PSP)2] (8), could also be obtained via the variation of the reaction stoichiometry. The investigation of the photo-optical properties by photo-luminescence spectroscopy has demonstrated that the phosphorescence in the visible region can be switched off through the mere change of the heteroatom in the ligand backbone (POP vs PSP ligand scaffold). Theoretical studies have been conducted to complement the experimental photo-optical data with detailed insights into the occurring electronic transitions. Consequently, this systematic study paves the way for tuning the photo-optical properties of transition metal complexes in a more rational way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Flecken
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Mail:
| | - Anna Knapp
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Mail:
| | - Toni Grell
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Dreßler
- Institute of Physics, Ilmenau University of Technology, Weimarer Straße 32, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Schirin Hanf
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Mail:
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Blasco D, Sundholm D. Gold(I)···Lanthanide(III) Bonds in Discrete Heterobimetallic Compounds: A Combined Computational and Topological Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20308-20315. [PMID: 36475614 PMCID: PMC9768751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemical nature of the ligand-unsupported gold(I)-lanthanide(III) bond in the proposed [LnIII(η5-Cp)2][AuIPh2] (Ln-Au; LnIII = LaIII, EuIII, or LuIII; Cp = cyclopentadienide; Ph = phenyl) models is examined from a theoretical viewpoint. The covalent bond-like Au-Ln distances (Au-La, 2.95 Å; Au-Eu, 2.85 Å; Au-Lu, 2.78 Å) result from a strong interaction between the oppositely charged fragments (ΔEintMP2 > 600 kJ mol-1), including the aforementioned metal-metal bond and additional LnIII-Cipso and C-H···π interactions. The Au-Ln bond has been characterized as a chemical bond rather than a strong metallophilic interaction with the aid of energy decomposition analysis, interaction region indicator, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules topological tools. The chemical nature of the Au-Ln bond cannot be fully ascribed to a covalent or an ionic model; an intermediate situation or a charge shift bond is proposed. The [AuIPh2]- anion has also been identified as a suitable lanthanide(III) emission sensitizer for La-Au and Lu-Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Blasco
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55
(A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014Helsinki, Finland,Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química (CISQ), Universidad de La
Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006Logroño, Spain, or
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55
(A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014Helsinki, Finland,
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Fang W, Zhu Q, Zhu C. Recent advances in heterometallic clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds: synthesis, reactivity and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8434-8449. [PMID: 36164971 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the heterometallic synergistic effects from different metals, heterometallic clusters are of great importance in small-molecule activation and catalysis. For example, both biological nitrogen fixation and photosynthetic splitting of water into oxygen are thought to involve multimetallic catalytic sites with d-block transition metals. Benefitting from the larger coordination numbers of f-block metals (rare-earth metals and actinide elements), heterometallic clusters containing f-block metal-metal bonds have long attracted the interest of both experimental and theoretical chemists. Therefore, a series of effective strategies or platforms have been developed in recent years for the construction of heterometallic clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds. More importantly, synergistic effects between f-block metals and transition metals have been observed in small-molecule activation and catalysis. This tutorial review highlights the recent advances in the construction of heterometallic molecular clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds and also their reactivities and applications. It is hoped that this tutorial review will persuade chemists to develop more efficient strategies to construct clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds and also further expand their applications with heterometallic synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Krätschmer F, Gui X, Gamer MT, Klopper W, Roesky PW. Systematic investigation of the influence of electronic substituents on dinuclear gold(I) amidinates: synthesis, characterisation and photoluminescence studies. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5471-5479. [PMID: 35266476 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear gold(I) compounds are of great interest due to their aurophilic interactions that influence their photophysical properties. Herein, we showcase that gold-gold interactions can be influenced by tuning the electronic properties of the ligands. Therefore, various para substituted (R) N,N'-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)formamidinate ligands (pRXylForm; Xyl = 2,6-dimethylphenyl and Form = formamidinate) were treated with Au(tht)Cl (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) to give via salt metathesis the corresponding gold(I) compounds [pRXylForm2Au2] (R = -OMe, -Me, -Ph, -H, -SMe, and -CO2Me). All complexes showed intense luminescence properties at low temperatures. Alignment with the Hammett parameter σp revealed the trends in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra. These results showed the influence of the donor-acceptor abilities of different substituents on the ligand system which were confirmed with calculated orbital energies. Photophysical investigations showed their lifetimes in the millisecond range indicating phosphorescence processes and revealed a redshift with the decreasing donor ability of the substituents in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Krätschmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Xin Gui
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael T Gamer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Dahlen M, Seifert TP, Lebedkin S, Gamer MT, Kappes MM, Roesky PW. Tetra- and hexanuclear string complexes of the coinage metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13146-13149. [PMID: 34807965 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the PNNP ligand system N,N'-bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]formamidinate (dpfam) featuring different coordination compartments with [AuCl(tht)], [CuMes]5, [AgMes]4, or [AuC6F5(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) resulted in tetranuclear homo- and heterometallic coinage metal complexes, as well as a hexanuclear gold complex. All of them feature a metal string conformation. Photophysical investigation revealed a significant dependence of the photoluminescence properties on the metal composition. Below 100 K, the PL efficiency of three compounds approaches nearly 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Dahlen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - Tim P Seifert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Michael T Gamer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
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Dahlen M, Hollesen EH, Kehry M, Gamer MT, Lebedkin S, Schooss D, Kappes MM, Klopper W, Roesky PW. Bright Luminescence in Three Phases-A Combined Synthetic, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23365-23372. [PMID: 34415105 PMCID: PMC8597132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Combining phase-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements and quantum chemical calculations is a powerful approach to help understand the influence of the molecular surroundings on the PL properties. Herein, a phosphine functionalized amidinate was used to synthesize a recently presented bimetallic gold complex, featuring an unusual charge separation. The latter was subsequently used as metalloligand to yield heterotetrametallic complexes with an Au-M-M-Au "molecular wire" arrangement (M=Cu, Ag, Au) featuring metallophilic interactions. All compounds show bright phosphorescence in the solid state, also at ambient temperature. The effect of the molecular environment on the PL was studied in detail for these tetrametallic complexes by comparative measurements in solution, in the solid state and in the gas phase and contrasted to time-dependent density functional theory computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Dahlen
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Eike H. Hollesen
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Max Kehry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Physical Chemistry (Theoretical Chemistry)Kaiserstrasse 1276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Michael T. Gamer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Detlef Schooss
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Physical Chemistry (Theoretical Chemistry)Kaiserstrasse 1276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
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