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Chen H, Lei Y, Xu Y, Shao M, Duan Z, Lei C. Phenanthrene-Incorporated Isoamethyrin: A Near-Planar Macrocycle That Display Enhanced Aromaticity via Protonation-Triggered Conformation Changes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11352-11357. [PMID: 37458445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the aromaticity in expanded porphyrins is a forefront research topic, and the strategy of using protonation-triggered conformational changes to fine-tune electronic properties and aromaticity has yet to be generalized in rigid and planar expanded porphyrins. Here, we synthesized phenanthrene-incorporated isoamethyrins that possess near-planar conformations and nonaromatic characters. However, when methanesulfonic acid (MSA) was added, geometric deformations occurred to minimize the unfavorable strain, resulting in macrocycles that were weakly aromatic as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yajuan Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Min Shao
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center of Shanghai University, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
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2
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Liang K, Chen H, Wang X, Lu T, Duan Z, Sessler JL, Lei C. Di-2,7-pyrenidecaphyrin(1.1.0.0.0.1.1.0.0.0) and Its Bis-Organopalladium Complexes: Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212770. [PMID: 36401592 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A non-aromatic expanded carbaporphyrinoid, incorporating two built-in 2,7-pyrenylene moieties was synthesized. The intrinsically labile structure was demonstrated by proton-triggered conformational changes between the figure-of-eight and quasi-Möbius conformers. Upon treatment with Pd(OAc)2 , the reaction produces two bis-PdII complexes with distinct coordination modes. Metal coordination serves to fix the macrocyclic frameworks with the net result that both bis-PdII complexes could be resolved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a chiral stationary phase. The isolated enantiomers showed persistent chiroptical properties as evidenced by the intense response in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra and the record high absorption dissymmetry factors (gabs of up to 0.038) seen in the near-infrared spectral region. Moreover, the mutual interconversion of these two PdII complexes was found to be stereospecific and to favor the more stable isomers under weakly acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejiang Liang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tian Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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3
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Chen H, Shi X, Lun Y, Xu Y, Lu T, Duan Z, Shao M, Sessler JL, Yu H, Lei C. 3,6-Carbazoylene Octaphyrin (1.0.0.0.1.0.0.0) and Its Bis-BF 2 Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8194-8203. [PMID: 35482960 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
3,6-Carbazole precursors were used to prepare an octaphyrin. The conformation and electronic structure of the system could be modulated through trifluoroacetate (TFA) protonation and BF2 complexation. The resulting nonaromatic macrocyclic complexes, 2-2TFA and 2-2BF2, displayed noteworthy photophysical properties. For instance, the diprotonated species 2-2TFA showed a strong panchromic absorption up to 800 nm, while the bis-BF2-chelated dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-like complex 2-2BF2 exhibited an intense visible absorption feature (ε535nm = 2.1 × 105 M-1 cm-1), as well as a relatively red-shifted emission at 640 nm characterized by a large Stokes shift. It was found that 2-2BF2 could be used to construct a high-quality organic microlaser that functions under optical pumping. The present study highlights the potential utility of expanded porphyrins as possible laser dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yipeng Lun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tian Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Min Shao
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center of Shanghai University, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Huakang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.,China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou Knowledge City, Guangzhou 510663, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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4
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Zheng Y, Wang X, Chen H, Lu T, Duan Z, Lei C. 1,4-Phenylene-Incorporated Decaphyrin(1.0.1.0.0.1.0.1.0.0): Synthesis, Structure, and Topological Chirality. Org Lett 2022; 24:2509-2514. [PMID: 35348345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Expanded porphyrins represent emerging structures in realizing topological chirality; however, their inherent flexibility has hampered the effective chiral resolution. Herein, we rationally designed a decaphyrin 9, which could be separated into its enantiomers in the free-base form. The enantiomers showed noteworthy chiroptical properties, e.g., the intense circular dichroism response in the visible spectrum, and high absorption dissymmetry factors (gabs) of 0.036 at 618 nm. Theoretical analyses further explained the origin of the high gabs value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Zheng
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tian Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Zhou W, Sarma T, Su Y, Lei C, Sessler JL. Kinetic trapping of a cobalt(ii) metallocage using a carbazole-containing expanded carbaporphyrinoid ligand. Chem Sci 2022; 13:692-697. [PMID: 35173933 PMCID: PMC8768885 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The meso-unsubstituted expanded porphyrinoid 3, incorporating two carbazole moieties, acts as an effective ligand for Co(ii) and permits the isolation and X-ray diffraction-based characterization of a 6 : 3 metal-to-ligand metallocage complex that converts spontaneously to the constituent 2 : 1 metal-to-ligand metalloring species in chloroform solution. The discrete metalloring is formed directly when the Co(ii) complex is crystallized from supersaturated solutions, whereas crystallization from more dilute solutions favors the metallocage. Studies with two other test cations, Pd(ii) and Zn(ii), revealed exclusive formation of the monomeric metalloring complexes with no evidence of higher order species being formed. Structural, electrochemical and UV-vis-NIR absorption spectral studies provide support for the conclusion that the Pd(ii) complex is less distorted and more effectively conjugated than its Co(ii) and Zn(ii) congeners, an inference further supported by TD-DFT calculations. The findings reported here underscore how expanded porphyrins can support coordination modes, including bimetallic complexes and self-assembled cage structures, that are not necessarily easy to access using more traditional ligand systems. Carbazole containing expanded carbaporphyrinoid ligand supports the formation of 2 : 1 metal-to-ligand complexes with Pd, Co, and Zn. Solid-state studies also revealed formation of a 6 : 3 metal-to-ligand metallocage in the case of Co complexation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tridib Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Yonghuan Su
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
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Zhou W, Sarma T, Yang L, Lei C, Sessler JL. Controlled assembly of a bicyclic porphyrinoid and its 3-dimensional boron difluoride arrays. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7276-7282. [PMID: 35799810 PMCID: PMC9214847 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01635d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A fully conjugated cryptand-like bicyclic porphyrinoid ligand 4, incorporating three carbazole linkages and four dipyrrin moieties, was prepared via the acid-catalysed condensation of an extended 2,2′-bipyrrole analogue containing a central carbazole moiety and 3,4-diethyl-2,5-diformylpyrrole in 79% isolated yield. This new cryptand-like system acts as an effective ligand and allows for complexation of BF2 (boron difluoride) subunits. Three BODIPY arrays, containing two, three, and four BF2 subunits, namely 4·2BF2, 4·3BF2 and 4·4BF2, could thus be isolated from the reaction of 4 with BF3·Et2O in the presence of triethylamine at 110 °C, albeit in relatively low yield. As prepared, bicycle 4 is characterized by a rigid C2 symmetric structure as inferred from VT NMR spectroscopic analyses. In contrast, the three BODIPY-like arrays produced as the result of BF2 complexation are conformationally flexible and unsymmetric in nature as deduced from similar analyses. All four products, namely 4, 4·2BF2, 4·3BF2 and 4·4BF2, were characterized by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Tetramer 4·4BF2 gives rise to a higher extinction coefficient (by 2.5 times) relative to the bis- and tris-BODIPY arrays 4·2BF2 and 4·3BF2. This was taken as evidence for stronger excitonic coupling in the case of 4·4BF2. All three BODIPY-like arrays proved nearly non-fluorescent, as expected given their conformationally mobile nature. The efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also determined for the new BODIPY arrays of this study. A cryptand-like bicyclic porphyrinoid was obtained in preference over the monocyclic porphyrinoid by controlling the reaction stoichiometry and condensation conditions. The cryptand-like species supports formation of multiple 3D BODIPY-like arrays.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tridib Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
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