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Miyagishi HV, Kimuro Y, Ashikari Y, Nagaki A. Expanding the Scope of C-Glycoside Synthesis from Unstable Organolithium Reagents Using Flow Microreactors. Org Lett 2024; 26:5032-5036. [PMID: 38819107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
C-glycosides are versatile scaffolds for drugs and bioactive compounds. The common organolithium-based synthesis of C-glycosides is limited by low reaction temperatures and a restricted substrate scope. To address these issues, a flow microreactor (FMR) was utilized for rapid mixing and precise temperature control, enabling C-glycoside synthesis at temperatures up to 40 °C and expanding the substrate scope. Continuous C-glycoside synthesis was achieved with a throughput of 21.9 g h-1, demonstrating the industrial potential of FMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi V Miyagishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kimuro
- Research and Development Center, Juzen Chemical Corporation, 1-10 Kiba-cho, Toyama 930-0806, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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2
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Kamio S, Okamoto K, Yamagishi T, Nagaki A. Synthesis of Deuterated Compounds by Flow Chemistry. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300744. [PMID: 38450881 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Development of the efficient and practical method for the synthesis of deuterated compounds which occupies the broadest area among stable isotopes is one of the most essential issues toward the industrial advance and building a sustainable society. This review describes recent advances in deuteration reactions, where the continuous flow chemistry plays pivotal roles for the successful installation of deuterium atom into diverse organic frameworks, opening new fields of isotope-based synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kamio
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 006-8585, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamagishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 006-8585, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
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Ashikari Y, Yoshioka R, Yonekura Y, Yoo DE, Okamoto K, Nagaki A. Flowmicro In-Line Analysis-Driven Design of Reactions mediated by Unstable Intermediates: Flash Monitoring Approach. Chemistry 2024:e202303774. [PMID: 38216535 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The direct observation of reactive intermediates is an important issue for organic synthesis. However, intermediates with an extreme instability are hard to be monitored by common spectroscopic methods such as FTIR. We have developed synthetic method utilizing flow microreactors, which enables a generation and reactions of unstable intermediates. Herein we report that, based on our flowmicro techniques, we developed an in-line analysis method for reactive intermediates in increments of milliseconds. We demonstrated the direct observation of the living and dead species of the anionic polymerization of alkyl methacrylates. The direct information of the living species enabled the anionic polymerization and copolymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylates, which is the important but difficult reaction in the conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Rikako Yoshioka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuya Yonekura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
- TOHO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2931 Urago-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0062, Japan
| | - Dong-Eun Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
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Jiang Y, Yorimitsu H. Taming Highly Unstable Radical Anions and 1,4-Organodilithiums by Flow Microreactors: Controlled Reductive Dimerization of Styrenes. JACS AU 2022; 2:2514-2521. [PMID: 36465543 PMCID: PMC9709950 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of styrenes with lithium arenide in a flow microreactor leads to the instantaneous generation of highly unstable radical anions that subsequently dimerize to yield the corresponding 1,4-organodilithiums. A flow reactor with fast mixing is essential for this reductive dimerization as the efficiency and selectivity are low under batch conditions. A series of styrenes undergo dimerization, and the resulting 1,4-organodilithiums are trapped with various electrophiles. Trapping with divalent electrophiles affords precursors for useful yet less accessible cyclic structures, for example, siloles from dichlorosilanes. Thus, we highlight the power of single-electron reduction of unsaturated compounds in flow microreactors for organic synthesis.
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Ashikari Y, Guan K, Nagaki A. Flash functional group-tolerant biaryl-synthesis based on integration of lithiation, zincation and negishi coupling in flow. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.964767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We achieved an integration of a lithiation of aryl bromides, a zincation of thus-generated aryllithiums, and a Negishi coupling of the arylzinc with an aryl halide in one flow. Taking advantages of flow microreactors, biaryls bearing a wide range of functional groups, especially biaryls bearing multiple electrophilic-functionalities were synthesized.
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Mandai K, Yamamoto T, Mandai H, Nagaki A. Rapid gas–liquid reaction in flow. Continuous synthesis and production of cyclohexene oxide. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:660-668. [PMID: 35821694 PMCID: PMC9235905 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced reaction rate in the epoxidation of cyclohexene with air as an oxidant was discovered without any added catalyst utilizing a continuous flow reactor constructed with readily available stainless steel parts and devices. This continuous-flow process demonstrates a significant improvement in reaction time for highly selective epoxide production over the batch process due to the efficient mass transfer between the liquid phase and air. The flow process discovered was operated continuously with good operational stability, evaluated by a constant high yield of cyclohexene oxide, to obtain the desired product with high productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Mandai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Gifu University of Medical Science, Nijigaoka, Kani-city, Gifu Prefecture, 509-0293, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mandai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Gifu University of Medical Science, Nijigaoka, Kani-city, Gifu Prefecture, 509-0293, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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