1
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Chen Y, Liang C, Kou M, Tang X, Ru J. Lysosome-targeted cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes as photosensitizers/photoredox catalysts for cancer therapy. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11836-11849. [PMID: 38949269 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A novel lysosome-targeted photosensitizer/photoredox catalyst based on cyclometalated Ir(III) complex IrL has been designed and synthesized, which exhibited excellent phosphorescence properties and the ability to generate single oxygen (1O2) and photocatalytically oxidize 1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) under light irradiation. Most importantly, the aforementioned activities are significantly enhanced due to protonation under acidic conditions, which makes them highly attractive in light-activated tumor therapy, especially for acidic lysosomes and tumor microenvironments. The photocytotoxicity of IrL and the mechanism of cell death have been investigated. Additionally, the tumor-killing ability of IrL under light irradiation was evaluated using a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model. This work provides a strategy for the development of lysosome-targeted photosensitizers/photoredox catalysts to overcome hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Manchang Kou
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Engineering Research Center of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoliang Tang
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Engineering Research Center of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxi Ru
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China.
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2
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Wei L, Kushwaha R, Sadhukhan T, Wu H, Dao A, Zhang Z, Zhu H, Gong Q, Ru J, Liang C, Zhang P, Banerjee S, Huang H. Dinuclear Tridentate Ru(II) Complex with Strong Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Anticancer Activity. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11125-11137. [PMID: 38905437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The design of the dinuclear Ru(II) complex (Ru2) with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption properties has been reported for efficient anticancer phototherapy. Under 700 nm LED light excitation, Ru2 exhibited remarkable synergistic type I/II photosensitization ability and photocatalytic activity toward intracellular biomolecules. Ru2 showed impressive 700 nm light-triggered anticancer activity under normoxia and hypoxia compared with the clinically used photosensitizer Chlorin e6. The mechanistic studies showed that Ru2 induced intracellular redox imbalance and perturbed the energy metabolism and biosynthesis in A549 cancer cells. Overall, this work provides a new strategy for developing efficient metal-based complexes for anticancer phototherapy under NIR light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Haorui Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Anyi Dao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Zhishang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Haotu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Qiufang Gong
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejinag 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxi Ru
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejinag 325035, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejinag 325035, P.R. China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
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3
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Kushwaha R, Singh V, Peters S, Yadav AK, Sadhukhan T, Koch B, Banerjee S. Comparative Study of Sonodynamic and Photoactivated Cancer Therapies with Re(I)-Tricarbonyl Complexes Comprising Phenanthroline Ligands. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6537-6548. [PMID: 38603561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have compared the effectivity of light-based photoactivated cancer therapy and ultrasound-based sonodynamic therapy with Re(I)-tricarbonyl complexes (Re1-Re3) against cancer cells. The observed photophysical and TD-DFT calculations indicated the potential of Re1-Re3 to act as good anticancer agents under visible light/ultrasound exposure. Re1 did not display any dark- or light- or ultrasound-triggered anticancer activity. However, Re2 and Re3 displayed concentration-dependent anticancer activity upon light and ultrasound exposure. Interestingly, Re3 produced 1O2 and OH• on light/ultrasound exposure. Moreover, Re3 induced NADH photo-oxidation in PBS and produced H2O2. To the best of our knowledge, NADH photo-oxidation has been achieved here with the Re(I) complex for the first time in PBS. Additionally, Re3 released CO upon light/ultrasound exposure. The cell death mechanism revealed that Re3 produced an apoptotic cell death response in HeLa cells via ROS generation. Interestingly, Re3 showed slightly better anticancer activity under light exposure compared to ultrasound exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Silda Peters
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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4
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Mandal AA, Singh V, Saha S, Peters S, Sadhukhan T, Kushwaha R, Yadav AK, Mandal A, Upadhyay A, Bera A, Dutta A, Koch B, Banerjee S. Green Light-Triggered Photocatalytic Anticancer Activity of Terpyridine-Based Ru(II) Photocatalysts. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7493-7503. [PMID: 38578920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The relentless increase in drug resistance of platinum-based chemotherapeutics has opened the scope for other new cancer therapies with novel mechanisms of action (MoA). Recently, photocatalytic cancer therapy, an intrusive catalytic treatment, is receiving significant interest due to its multitargeting cell death mechanism with high selectivity. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of three photoresponsive Ru(II) complexes, viz., [Ru(ph-tpy)(bpy)Cl]PF6 (Ru1), [Ru(ph-tpy)(phen)Cl]PF6 (Ru2), and [Ru(ph-tpy)(aip)Cl]PF6 (Ru3), where, ph-tpy = 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and aip = 2-(anthracen-9-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline, showing photocatalytic anticancer activity. The X-ray crystal structures of Ru1 and Ru2 revealed a distorted octahedral geometry with a RuN5Cl core. The complexes showed an intense absorption band in the 440-600 nm range corresponding to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) that was further used to achieve the green light-induced photocatalytic anticancer effect. The mitochondria-targeting photostable complex Ru3 induced phototoxicity with IC50 and PI values of ca. 0.7 μM and 88, respectively, under white light irradiation and ca. 1.9 μM and 35 under green light irradiation against HeLa cells. The complexes (Ru1-Ru3) showed negligible dark cytotoxicity toward normal splenocytes (IC50s > 50 μM). The cell death mechanistic study revealed that Ru3 induced ROS-mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells via mitochondrial depolarization under white or green light exposure. Interestingly, Ru3 also acted as a highly potent catalyst for NADH photo-oxidation under green light. This NADH photo-oxidation process also contributed to the photocytotoxicity of the complexes. Overall, Ru3 presented multitargeting synergistic type I and type II photochemotherapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ali Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sukanta Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Silda Peters
- Departmentof Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Departmentof Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Apurba Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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5
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Ludwig G, Ranđelović I, Dimić D, Komazec T, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Mijatović S, Rüffer T, Kaluđerović GN. (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)chloridoiridium(III) Complex Bearing Bidentate Ph 2PCH 2CH 2SPh-κ P,κ S Ligand. Biomolecules 2024; 14:420. [PMID: 38672437 PMCID: PMC11048224 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)chloridoiridium(III) complex bearing a κP,κS-bonded Ph2PCH2CH2SPh ligand ([Ir(η5-C5Me5)Cl(Ph2P(CH2)2SPh-κP,κS)]PF6, (1)] was synthesized and characterized. Multinuclear (1H, 13C and 31P) NMR spectroscopy was employed for the determination of the structure. Moreover, SC-XRD confirmed the proposed structure belongs to the "piano stool" type. The Hirshfeld surface analysis outlined the most important intermolecular interactions in the structure. The crystallographic structure was optimized at the B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311++G(d,p)(H,C,P,S,Cl)/LanL2DZ(Ir) level of theory. The applicability of this level was verified through a comparison of experimental and theoretical bond lengths and angles, and 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts. The Natural Bond Orbital theory was used to identify and quantify the intramolecular stabilization interactions, especially those between donor atoms and Ir(III) ions. Complex 1 was tested on antitumor activity against five human tumor cell lines: MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma, SW480 colon adenocarcinoma, 518A2 melanoma, 8505C human thyroid carcinoma and A253 submandibular carcinoma. Complex 1 showed superior antitumor activity against cisplatin-resistant MCF-7, SW480 and 8505C cell lines. The mechanism of tumoricidal action on 8505C cells indicates the involvement of caspase-induced apoptosis, accompanied by a considerable reduction in ROS/RNS and proliferation potential of treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Ludwig
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia or (I.R.); (T.K.); (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Teodora Komazec
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia or (I.R.); (T.K.); (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia or (I.R.); (T.K.); (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia or (I.R.); (T.K.); (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Strasse 2, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany
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6
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Zhu J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang X, Qiu F. Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes as Lysosome-Targeted Photodynamic Anticancer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34557-34563. [PMID: 37779987 PMCID: PMC10536871 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized two Ir(III) complexes (Ir1 and Ir2) coordinated with an 8-sulfonamidoquinoline derivative ligand as photosensitizers, which exhibit strong red phosphorescence emission and a long phosphorescence lifetime. The Ir(III) complexes exhibit a high population of triplet states, which enable red phosphorescence and efficient singlet oxygen generation. Ir1 and Ir2 rapidly enter the cancer cells and accumulate in lysosomes, producing large amounts of intracellular singlet oxygen when exposed to light irradiation, eventually leading to cancer cell death, and the phototoxic indexes of complexes Ir1 and Ir2 against cancer cells are in the range of 76-228. Overall, our studies indicate that the synthesized Ir(III) complexes with quinoline ligands exhibit photosensitizing properties, effectively inducing cancer cell death when exposed to light. These promising results suggest their potential application in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhu
- Department
of Cardiology, The First People’s
Hospital of Foshan, No. 81 Lingnan RD, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument,
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong
Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xili Yang
- Department
of Cardiology, The First People’s
Hospital of Foshan, No. 81 Lingnan RD, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated
Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan 516006, China
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7
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Zhu Z, Wei L, Yadav AK, Fan Z, Kumar A, Miao M, Banerjee S, Huang H. Cyanine-Functionalized 2,2'-Bipyridine Compounds for Photocatalytic Cancer Therapy. J Org Chem 2023; 88:626-631. [PMID: 36522290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, interest has been given to developing photocatalytic anticancer drugs. This area of research is dominated by metal complexes. Here, we report the potential of lysosome/mitochondria targeting cyanine appended bipyridine compounds as the organic photocatalytic anticancer agents. The organocatalyst (bpyPCN) not only exhibits light-induced NADH oxidation but also generates intracellular ROS to demonstrate anticancer activity. This is the first example of organic compound induced catalytic NADH photo-oxidation in an aqueous solution and in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Li Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Zhongxian Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Mengzhao Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
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8
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Lu JJ, Ma XR, Xie K, Chen MR, Huang B, Li RT, Ye RR. Lysosome-targeted cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes: JMJD inhibition, dual induction of apoptosis and autophagy. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2022; 14:6694002. [PMID: 36073756 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with the formula [Ir(C^N)2 L](PF6) (C^N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy, in Ir-1), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy, in Ir-2), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy, in Ir-3), L = 2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)quinolin-8-ol) were designed and synthesized, which utilize 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative as N^N ligands to chelate the cofactor Fe2+ of the Jumonji domain-containing protein (JMJD) histone demethylase. As expected, the results of UV/Vis titration analysis confirm the chelating capabilities of Ir-1-3 for Fe2+, and molecular docking studies also show that Ir-1-3 can interact with the active pocket of JMJD protein, and treatment of cells with Ir-1-3 results in significant upregulation of trimethylated histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9Me3), indicating the inhibition of JMJD activity. Meanwhile, Ir-1-3 exhibit much higher cytotoxicity against the tested tumor cell lines compared with the clinical chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. And Ir-1-3 can block the cell cycle at G2/M phase and inhibit cell migration and colony formation. Further studies show that Ir-1-3 can specifically accumulate in lysosomes, damage the integrity of lysosomes, and induce apoptosis and autophagy. Reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also contribute to the antitumor effects of Ir-1-3. Finally, Ir-1 can inhibit tumor growth effectively in vivo and increase the expression of H3K9Me3 in tumor tissues. Our study demonstrates that these iridium(III) complexes are promising anticancer agents with multiple functions, including the inhibition of JMJD and induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xie
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ru Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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9
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Kushwaha R, Kumar A, Saha S, Bajpai S, Yadav AK, Banerjee S. Os(II) complexes for catalytic anticancer therapy: recent update. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4825-4836. [PMID: 35348152 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00341d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent dramatic enhancement in cancer-related mortality and the drawbacks (side effects and resistance) of Pt-based first-generation chemotherapeutics have escalated the need for new cancer medicines with unique anticancer activities for better human life. To overcome the demerits of Pt-based cancer drugs, the concept of catalytic anticancer agents has recently been presented in the field of anticancer metallodrug development research. Many intracellular transformations in cancer cells are catalyzed by metal complexes, including pyruvate reduction to lactate, NAD(P)+ reduction to NAD(P)H and vice versa, and the conversion of 3O2 to reactive oxygen species (ROS). These artificial in-cell changes with non-toxic and catalytic dosages of metal complexes have been shown to disrupt several essential intracellular processes which ultimately cause cell death. This new approach could develop potent next-generation catalytic anticancer drugs. In this context, recently, several 16/18 electron Os(II)-based complexes have shown promising catalytic anticancer activities with unique anticancer mechanisms. Herein, we have delineated the catalytic anticancer activity of Os(II) complexes from a critical viewpoint. These catalysts are reported to induce the in-cell catalytic transfer hydrogenation of pyruvate and important quinones to create metabolic disorder and photocatalytic ROS generation for oxidative stress generation in cancer cells. Overall, these Os(II) catalysts have the potential to be novel catalytic cancer drugs with new anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Souvik Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Sumit Bajpai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
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