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Schiavone DV, Gallardo J, Kapkayeva DM, Baucom JC, Murelli RP. Lactam-fused tropolones: a new tunable, environmentally sensitive fluorophore class. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7900-7907. [PMID: 37750360 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent small-molecules capable of altering their profiles in response to environmental changes are exceptionally valuable tool compounds throughout the scientific community. The following manuscriipt describes a new class of fluorescent small molecules based on lactam-fused tropolones that are responsive to a dynamic range of environmental changes. These molecules can be easily obtained through a rapid annulation procedure between appropriately functionalized tropolones and primary amines, which is often complete within minutes at room temperature. Molecules generated through this approach have been identified with fluoresence emission across the visible light spectra, and can be tuned based on either the tropolone or amine component. They are also highly responsive to changes in solvent, pH, and certain divalent metal ions. Tropolone-fused lactams thus represent a new class of tunable fluorescent small molecules that could find value throughout the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Schiavone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel Gallardo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana M Kapkayeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
| | - John-Charles Baucom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Steparuk EV, Meshcheryakova EA, Viktorova VV, Ulitko MV, Obydennov DL, Sosnovskikh VY. Oxidative Ring-Opening Transformation of 5-Acyl-4-pyrones as an Approach for the Tunable Synthesis of Hydroxylated Pyrones and Furans. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11590-11602. [PMID: 37504952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A selective and tunable approach for oxidation of 4-pyrones has been developed via ring-opening transformations leading to various hydroxylated oxaheterocycles. The first step of the strategy includes the base-catalyzed epoxidation of 5-acyl-4-pyrones in the presence of hydrogen peroxide for the effective synthesis of pyrone epoxides in high yields. The epoxides bearing the CO2Et group are reactive molecules that can undergo both pyrone and oxirane ring-opening via deformylation to produce hydroxylated 2-pyrones or 4-pyrones. The acid-promoted transformation led to 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones (24-76% yields), whereas the K2CO3-catalyzed ring-opening process of 2-carbethoxy-4-pyrone epoxides proceeded as an attack of alcohol at the C-3 position bearing the CO2Et group to give functionalized 6-acyl-5-hydroxy-2-pyrones (27-87% yields). The base-catalyzed reaction of 2-aryl-4-pyrone epoxides was followed by ring contraction and the dearoylation process to produce 3-hydroxyfuran-2-carbaldehydes in 42-80% yields. The transformation of 3-aroylchromone epoxides led to flavonols and 3-hydroxybenzofuran-2-carbaldehyde in the acidic and basic conditions, respectively. The prepared hydroxylated heterocycles demonstrated high reactivity for further transformations and low cytotoxicity and are promising fluorophores or UV filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Steparuk
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenina Ave., 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Meshcheryakova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenina Ave., 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Viktoria V Viktorova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenina Ave., 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Ulitko
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenina Ave., 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii L Obydennov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenina Ave., 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav Y Sosnovskikh
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenina Ave., 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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Kang JX, Zhao GK, Yang XM, Huang MX, Hui WQ, Zeng R, Ouyang Q. Recent advances on dual inhibitors targeting HIV reverse transcriptase associated polymerase and ribonuclease H. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115196. [PMID: 36787657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase (RT) plays an indispensable role in the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through its associated polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities during the viral RNA genome transformation into proviral DNA. Due to the fact that HIV is a highly mutagenic virus and easily resistant to single-target RT inhibitors, dual inhibitors targeting HIV RT associated polymerase and RNase H have been developed. These dual inhibitors have the advantages of increasing efficacy, reducing drug resistance, drug-drug interactions, and cytotoxicity, as well as improving patient compliance. In this review, we summarize recent advances in polymerase/RNase H dual inhibitors focusing on drug design strategies, and structure-activity relationships and share new insights into developing anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiong Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Armed Police Forces Hospital of Sichuan, 614000, Leshan, China
| | - Guang-Kuan Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Mou-Xin Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hui
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Fifth Hospital, Xian, 710082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
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Murelli RP, Berkowitz AJ, Zuschlag DW. Carbocycloaddition Strategies for Troponoid Synthesis. Tetrahedron 2023; 130:133175. [PMID: 36777111 PMCID: PMC9910567 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Tropone is the prototypical aromatic 7-membered ring, and can be found in virtually any undergraduate textbook as a key example of non-benzenoid aromaticity. Aside from this important historical role, tropone is also of high interest as a uniquely reactive synthon in complex chemical synthesis as well as a valuable chemotype in drug design. More recently, there has been growing interest in the utility of tropones for catalysis and material science. Thus, synthetic strategies capable of synthesizing functional tropones are key to fully exploiting the potential of this aromatic ring system. Cycloaddition reactions are particularly powerful methods for constructing carbocycles, and these strategies in turn have proven to be powerful for generating troponoids. The following review article provides an overview of strategies for troponoids wherein the 7-membered carbocycle is generated through a cycloaddition reaction. Representative examples of each strategy are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Alex J Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Daniel W Zuschlag
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
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