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Doud EA, Tilden JAR, Treacy JW, Chao EY, Montgomery HR, Kunkel GE, Olivares EJ, Adhami N, Kerr TA, Chen Y, Rheingold AL, Loo JA, Frost CG, Houk KN, Maynard HD, Spokoyny AM. Ultrafast Au(III)-Mediated Arylation of Cysteine. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12365-12374. [PMID: 38656163 PMCID: PMC11152249 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Through mechanistic work and rational design, we have developed the fastest organometallic abiotic Cys bioconjugation. As a result, the developed organometallic Au(III) bioconjugation reagents enable selective labeling of Cys moieties down to picomolar concentrations and allow for the rapid construction of complex heterostructures from peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. This work showcases how organometallic chemistry can be interfaced with biomolecules and lead to a range of reactivities that are largely unmatched by classical organic chemistry tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Doud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - James A. R. Tilden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph W. Treacy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Elaine Y. Chao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hayden R. Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Grace E. Kunkel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Eileen J. Olivares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nima Adhami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tyler A. Kerr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher G. Frost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Kunkel GE, Treacy JW, Montgomery HR, Puente EG, Doud EA, Spokoyny AM, Maynard HD. Efficient end-group functionalization and diblock copolymer synthesis via Au(III) polymer reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:79-82. [PMID: 38055326 PMCID: PMC11149381 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05350d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis of bench-stable organometallic Au(III) terminated polymer reagents. These reagents mediate the chemoselective S-arylation of thiol-containing small molecules and polymers to yield functionalized mono-telechelic polymers and diblock copolymers, respectively. These transformations proceed rapidly within minutes and produce conjugates in quantitative conversion, making this strategy a robust addition to the polymer functionalization toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Kunkel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Joseph W Treacy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Ellie G Puente
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Evan A Doud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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3
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Bacauanu V, Merz ZN, Hua ZL, Lang SB. Nickel-Catalyzed Antibody Bioconjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25842-25849. [PMID: 37950853 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
New biocompatible methods for post-translational protein modification are challenging to develop but crucial to create improved chemical probes and optimize next-generation biologic therapies such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Herein, we describe the bottom-up construction of an aqueous nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling for the chemospecific arylation of cysteine residues on peptides and proteins and its use for the preparation of ADCs. A variety of arene linkages are exemplified, enabling the incorporation of small molecules, probes, and cytotoxic payloads. The utility of this new bioconjugation platform in a drug discovery setting is highlighted by the construction of novel ADCs with target-mediated in vitro cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Bacauanu
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zoe N Merz
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhong L Hua
- Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Simon B Lang
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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4
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O WY, Cui JF, Yu Q, Kung KKY, Chung SF, Leung YC, Wong MK. Isoindolium-Based Allenes: Reactivity Studies and Applications in Fluorescence Temperature Sensing and Cysteine Bioconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218038. [PMID: 36670048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of a series of electron-deficient isoindolium-based allenes with sulfhydryl compounds has been studied, leading to the formation of isoindolium-based vinyl sulfides. The vinyl sulfides generated could be readily converted into the corresponding indanones and amines upon heating at 30-70 °C with good yields up to 61 %. The thermal cleavage reaction of vinyl sulfides was further studied for developing temperature-sensitive systems. Notably, a novel FRET-based fluorescent temperature sensor was designed and synthesized for temperature sensing at 50 °C, giving a 6.5-fold blue fluorescence enhancement. Moreover, chemoselective bioconjugation of cysteine-containing peptides with the isoindolium-based allenes for the construction of multifunctional peptide bioconjugates was investigated. Thermal cleavage of isoindoliums on the modified peptides at 35-70 °C gave indanone bioconjugates with up to >99 % conversion. These results indicated the biocompatibility of this novel temperature-sensitive reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa-Yi O
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jian-Fang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Karen Ka-Yan Kung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Sai-Fung Chung
- Henry Cheng Research Laboratory for Drug Development, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- Henry Cheng Research Laboratory for Drug Development, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Kin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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Montgomery HR, Messina MS, Doud EA, Spokoyny AM, Maynard HD. Organometallic S-arylation Reagents for Rapid PEGylation of Biomolecules. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1536-1542. [PMID: 35939764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation techniques for biomolecule-polymer conjugation are numerous; however, slow kinetics and steric challenges generally necessitate excess reagents or long reaction times. Organometallic transformations are known to circumvent these issues; yet, harsh reaction conditions, incompatibility in aqueous media, and substrate promiscuity often limit their use in a biological context. The work reported herein demonstrates a facile and benign organometallic Au(III) S-arylation approach that enables the synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (mPEG)-protein conjugates with high efficiency. Isolable and bench-stable 2, 5, and 10 kDa mPEG-Au(III) reagents were synthesized via oxidative addition into terminal aryl iodide substituents installed on mPEG substrates with a (Me-DalPhos)Au(I)Cl precursor. Reaction of the isolable mPEG-Au(III) oxidative addition complexes with a cysteine thiol on a biomolecule resulted in facile and selective cysteine arylation chemistry, forging covalent S-aryl linkages and affording the mPEG-biomolecule conjugates. Notably, low polymer reagent loadings were used to achieve near quantitative conversion at room temperature in 1 min due to the rapid kinetics and high chemoselectivity of this Au-based bioconjugation approach. Therefore, this work represents an important addition to the protein-polymer conjugation chemical toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Evan A Doud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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