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Fang J, An D, Chen W, Liu S, Lu X, Zhou G. Manipulating Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Supramolecular Interaction in D-A-D Conjugated Systems by Regioisomerization. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4523-4529. [PMID: 38502930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Three new donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) architecture regioisomers comprising a large planar electron-withdrawing core tribenzo[a,c,i]phenazine and two identical electron-donating triphenylamines with different substitution patterns were designed and synthesized. Employing this regioisomerization strategy, the intramolecular charge-transfer interactions are effectively tuned and result in a significant bathochromic shift of photoluminescence maximum over 100 nm, which induces the corresponding emission band extending into the near-infrared region as well as giving a high solid-state quantum yield of 25%. Meanwhile, it is found that the supramolecular interactions of this series of regioisomers with planar electron-donor pyrene are greatly affected by the substitution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dongyue An
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weinan Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Si Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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2
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Gogesch FS, Bauer L, Vollstädt FD, Linseis M, Senft L, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Winter RF. Pyrene fluorescence in 2,7-di(4-phenylethynyl)pyrene-bridged bis(alkenylruthenium) complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 53:251-259. [PMID: 38037827 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03114d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Complexes PyrDPE-RuCl and PyrDPE-Ruacac with a π-extended 2,7-di(4-phenylethynyl)pyrene linker undergo simultaneous one-electron oxidations of their {Ru}-styryl entities. The absence of an intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) band at intermediate stages, where the mixed-valent, singly oxidized radical cation is present, and spin density confinement to the terminal styryl ruthenium site(s) are tokens of a lack of electronic coupling between the {Ru} entities across the π-conjugated linker. The close similarity of the linker-based π → π* bands in the complexes and the free ligand and their insensitivity towards oxidations at the terminal sites indicate that the central pyrenyl fluorophore is electronically decoupled from the electron-rich {Ru}-styryl termini. As a consequence, the complexes offer stable pyrene-based fluorescence emissions at 77 K, which are red-shifted from that of the linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciska S Gogesch
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Lea Bauer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Florian D Vollstädt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Laura Senft
- Fachbereich Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus D, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Fachbereich Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus D, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Tarifa L, Geer AM, Asensio L, López JA, Ciriano MA, Tejel C. Redox-Transmetalation Reactions: Easy Access to Homo- and Heterodimetallic d 8,d 10 Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19421-19432. [PMID: 37988130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the imine PyCH═N-CH2Py (Py = 2-pyridyl, bpi) to behave as a heteroditopic ligand, which is suitable for creating two separate compartments to host metals in different oxidation states, has been developed by studying the reactions of the mixed-valence complexes [(cod)M-Ι(μ-bpi)MΙ(cod)] (M = Rh, Ir) with [M'(Cl)2(PPh3)2] (M' = Pd, Ni). The results depend on the molar ratio of the reagents used (1:1 or 1:2) to give the heterometallic complexes {d10-M',d8-M}-[(PPh3)(Cl)M'0(μ-bpi)MΙ(cod)] (Pd,Rh, 4; Pd,Ir, 5; Ni,Rh, 8; Ni,Ir, 9) and the two-electron mixed-valent compounds [(PPh3)(Cl)M'0(μ-bpi)M'ΙΙ(Cl)] (M' = Ni, 10; Pd, 11), respectively. A redox process occurs in the replacement of the low-valent [(cod)M-I] fragment, whereas the exchange of the [(cod)MI] fragment is redox-neutral. The metal with a d8 configuration in the products exhibits a square-planar geometry coordinated to two (Rh/Ir) or three (Ni/Pd) nitrogen atoms of the bridging bpi ligand. Conversely, the metal with a d10 configuration adopts trigonal-planar geometries, π-bonded to the imine C═N bond. The isolated complexes 4/5 and 10/11, along with the hypothetical heterometallic Pd,Ni compound (12), were studied by DFT methods. Additionally, the T-shaped moiety 'M'ΙΙ(PPh3)(Cl)(η1-CH-N(bpi))', stabilized by a secondary γ-agostic interaction, and the 'M'II(Cl)(κ3N-bpi)' fragment was found to be accessible redoxomers of complexes 10 and 11 by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Tarifa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Geer
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Asensio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ciriano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Gogesch F, Laininger LS, Sokov N, Schupp SM, Senft L, Moura HM, Linseis M, Schmidt-Mende L, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Unterlass MM, Winter RF. A Dibenzotetrathiafulvalene-Bridged Bis(alkenylruthenium) Complex and Its One- and Two-Electron-Oxidized Forms. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18789-18803. [PMID: 37921553 PMCID: PMC10664072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of the new bis(alkenylruthenium) complex DBTTF-(ViRu)2 with a longitudinally extended, π-conjugated dibenzotetrathiafulvalene (DBTTF) bridge, characterized by multinuclear NMR, IR, and UV/vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cyclic and square-wave voltammetry revealed that DBTTF-(ViRu)2 undergoes four consecutive oxidations. IR, UV/vis/near-IR, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy indicate that the first oxidation involves the redox-noninnocent DBTTF bridge, while the second oxidation is biased toward one of the peripheral styrylruthenium entities, thereby generating an electronically coupled mixed-valent state ({Ru}-CH═CH)•+-DBTTF•+-(CH═CH-{Ru}) [{Ru} = Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2]. The latter is apparently in resonance with the ({Ru}-CH═CH)•+-DBTTF-(CH═CH-{Ru})•+ and ({Ru}-CH═CH)-DBTTF2+-(CH═CH-{Ru}) forms, which are calculated to lie within 19 kJ/mol. Higher oxidized forms proved too unstable for further characterization. The reaction of DBTTF-(ViRu)2 with the strong organic acceptors 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, tetracyano-p-benzoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and F4TCNQ resulted in formation of the DBTTF-(ViRu)2•+ radical cation, as shown by various spectroscopic techniques. Solid samples of these compounds were found to be highly amorphous and electrically insulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciska
S. Gogesch
- Fachbereich
Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Kostanz, Germany
| | - Lukas S. Laininger
- Fachbereich
Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Kostanz, Germany
| | - Nick Sokov
- Fachbereich
Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Kostanz, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Schupp
- Universität
Konstanz Universitätsstraße
10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Laura Senft
- Department
Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München Butenandstraße 5−13, Haus D, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Hipassia M. Moura
- Fachbereich
Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Kostanz, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich
Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Kostanz, Germany
| | | | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department
Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München Butenandstraße 5−13, Haus D, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Miriam M. Unterlass
- Fachbereich
Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Kostanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Fachbereich
Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Kostanz, Germany
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5
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Das R, Linseis M, Scheerer S, Zoller K, Senft L, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Winter RF. Reversible Multielectron Release from Redox-Active Three-Dimensional Molecular Barrels with Ruthenium-Alkenyl Moieties. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12662-12677. [PMID: 35917328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional molecular barrels Ru6-4 and Ru6-5 were synthesized in high yields from dinuclear ruthenium-vinyl clamps and tritopic triphenylamine-derived carboxylate linkers and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy including 1H-1H COSY and 1H DOSY measurements, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. The metal frameworks of the cages adopt the shape of twisted trigonal prisms, and they crystallize as racemic mixtures of interdigitating Δ- and Λ-enantiomers with a tight columnar packing in Ru6-4. Electrochemical studies and redox titrations revealed that the cages are able to release up to 11 electrons on the voltammetric timescale and that their cage structures persist up to the hexacation level. IR and UV-vis-near-infrared spectroelectrochemical studies confirm substituent-dependent intramolecular electronic communication within the π-conjugated 1,3-divinylphenylene backbone in the tricationic states, where all three divinylphenylene-bridged diruthenium clamps are present in mixed-valent radical cation states. The formation of 1:3 charge-transfer salts with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as the electron acceptor is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajorshi Das
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheerer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Katrin Zoller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Laura Senft
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus D, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus D, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Tetraruthenium Macrocycles with Laterally Extended Bis(alkenyl)quinoxaline Ligands and Their F4TCNQ•− Salts. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the tetraruthenium macrocycles Ru4-5 and -6 with a π-conjugated pyrene-appended 5,8-divinylquinoxaline ligand and either isophthalate or thiophenyl-2,5-dicarboxylate linkers and their charge-transfer salts formed by oxidation with two equivalents of F4TCNQ. Both macrocyclic complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, cyclic and square-wave voltammetry, and by IR, UV–vis–NIR, and EPR spectroscopy in their various oxidation states.
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