Non-Covalent Interactions in Molecular Systems: Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Hydrogen-Bond Strength in Amino-Ethers and Amino-Alcohols

DNA as a perfect quantum computer based on the quantum physics principles

DNA is a complex multi-resolution molecule whose theoretical study is a challenge. Its intrinsic multiscale nature requires chemistry and quantum physics to understand the structure and quantum informatics to explain its operation as a perfect quantum computer. Here, we present theoretical results of DNA that allow a better description of its structure and the operation process in the transmission, coding, and decoding of genetic information. Aromaticity is explained by the oscillatory resonant quantum state of correlated electron and hole pairs due to the quantized molecular vibrational energy acting as an attractive force. The correlated pairs form a supercurrent in the nitrogenous bases in a single band π -molecular orbital ( π -MO). The MO wave function ( Φ ) is assumed to be the linear combination of the n constituent atomic orbitals. The central Hydrogen bond between Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) or Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) functions like an ideal Josephson Junction. The approach of a Josephson Effect between two superconductors is correctly described, as well as the condensation of the nitrogenous bases to obtain the two entangled quantum states that form the qubit. Combining the quantum state of the composite system with the classical information, RNA polymerase teleports one of the four Bell states. DNA is a perfect quantum computer.

Molecular Liquids versus Ionic Liquids: The Interplay between Inter-Molecular and Intra-Molecular Hydrogen Bonding as Seen by Vaporisation Thermodynamics

In this study, we determined the enthalpies of vaporisation for a suitable set of molecular and ionic liquids using modern techniques for vapour pressure measurements, such as the quartz crystal microbalance, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gas chromatographic methods. This enabled us to measure reasonable vapour pressures, avoiding the problem of the decomposition of the ionic liquids at high temperatures. The enthalpies of vaporisation could be further analysed by applying the well-known "group contribution" methods for molecular liquids and the "centerpiece" method for ionic liquids. This combined approach allowed for the dissection of the enthalpies of vaporisation into different types of molecular interaction, including hydrogen bonding and the dispersion interaction in the liquid phase, without knowing the existing species in both the liquid and gas phases.