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Polo-Garzon F, Wu Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Yu X, Toups E, Lopez-Honorato E, Damron JT, Foster JC, Cheng Y, Daemen LL, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Meyer HM. Low-temperature dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for production of H 2 and carbon materials using liquid metal catalysts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9963. [PMID: 39047094 PMCID: PMC11268417 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is ubiquitous in everyday life; however, it is not recycled because it degrades uncontrollably into toxic products above 250°C. Therefore, it is of interest to controllably dechlorinate PVC at mild temperatures to generate narrowly distributed carbon materials. We present a catalytic route to dechlorinate PVC (~90% reduction of Cl content) at mild temperature (200°C) to produce gas H2 (with negligible coproduction of corrosive gas HCl) and carbon materials using Ga as a liquid metal (LM) catalyst. A LM was used to promote intimate contact between PVC and the catalytic sites. During dechlorination of PVC, Cl is sequestrated in the carbonaceous solid product. Later, chlorine is easily removed with an acetone wash at room temperature. The Ga LM catalyst is reusable, outperforms a traditional supported metal catalyst, and successfully converts (untreated) discarded PVC pipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Polo-Garzon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | - Xinbin Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | - Elena Toups
- University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 (USA)
| | - Eddie Lopez-Honorato
- Nuclear Energy and Fuel Cycle Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | - Joshua T. Damron
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | - Jeffrey C. Foster
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | - Luke L. Daemen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | | | - Harry M. Meyer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
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Chen Z, Yun S, Wu L, Zhang J, Shi X, Wei W, Liu Y, Zheng R, Han N, Ni BJ. Waste-Derived Catalysts for Water Electrolysis: Circular Economy-Driven Sustainable Green Hydrogen Energy. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:4. [PMID: 36454315 PMCID: PMC9715911 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of green hydrogen via water electrolysis necessitates cost-effective electrocatalysts. By following the circular economy principle, the utilization of waste-derived catalysts significantly promotes the sustainable development of green hydrogen energy. Currently, diverse waste-derived catalysts have exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall water electrolysis (OWE). Herein, we systematically examine recent achievements in waste-derived electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. The general principles of water electrolysis and design principles of efficient electrocatalysts are discussed, followed by the illustration of current strategies for transforming wastes into electrocatalysts. Then, applications of waste-derived catalysts (i.e., carbon-based catalysts, transitional metal-based catalysts, and carbon-based heterostructure catalysts) in HER, OER, and OWE are reviewed successively. An emphasis is put on correlating the catalysts' structure-performance relationship. Also, challenges and research directions in this booming field are finally highlighted. This review would provide useful insights into the design, synthesis, and applications of waste-derived electrocatalysts, and thus accelerate the development of the circular economy-driven green hydrogen energy scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sining Yun
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Wu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xingdong Shi
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Renji Zheng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Wu T, Xu S, Zhang Z, Luo M, Wang R, Tang Y, Wang J, Huang F. Bimetal Modulation Stabilizing a Metallic Heterostructure for Efficient Overall Water Splitting at Large Current Density. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202750. [PMID: 35818696 PMCID: PMC9443435 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large current-driven alkaline water splitting for large-scale hydrogen production generally suffers from the sluggish charge transfer kinetics. Commercial noble-metal catalysts are unstable in large-current operation, while most non-noble metal catalysts can only achieve high activity at low current densities <200 mA cm-2 , far lower than industrially-required current densities (>500 mA cm-2 ). Herein, a sulfide-based metallic heterostructure is designed to meet the industrial demand by regulating the electronic structure of phase transition coupling with interfacial defects from Mo and Ni incorporation. The modulation of metallic Mo2 S3 and in situ epitaxial growth of bifunctional Ni-based catalyst to construct metallic heterostructure can facilitate the charge transfer for fast Volmer H and Heyrovsky H2 generation. The Mo2 S3 @NiMo3 S4 electrolyzer requires an ultralow voltage of 1.672 V at a large current density of 1000 mA cm-2 , with ≈100% retention over 100 h, outperforming the commercial RuO2 ||Pt/C, owing to the synergistic effect of the phase and interface electronic modulation. This work sheds light on the design of metallic heterostructure with an optimized interfacial electronic structure and abundant active sites for industrial water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Shumao Xu
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Mengjia Luo
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and ApplicationsCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and ApplicationsCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
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