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Boyd EA, Shin C, Charboneau DJ, Peters JC, Reisman SE. Reductive samarium (electro)catalysis enabled by Sm III-alkoxide protonolysis. Science 2024; 385:847-853. [PMID: 39172824 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Samarium diiodide (SmI2) is a privileged, single-electron reductant deployed in diverse synthetic settings. However, generalizable methods for catalytic turnover remain elusive because of the well-known challenge associated with cleaving strong SmIII-O bonds. Prior efforts have focused on the use of highly reactive oxophiles to enable catalyst turnover. However, such approaches give rise to complex catalyst speciation and intrinsically limit the synthetic scope. Herein, we leveraged a mild and selective protonolysis strategy to achieve samarium-catalyzed, intermolecular reductive cross-coupling of ketones and acrylates with broad scope. The modularity of our approach allows rational control of selectivity based on solvent, pKa (where Ka is the acid dissociation constant), and the samarium coordination sphere and provides a basis for future developments in catalytic and electrocatalytic lanthanide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Boyd
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Chungkeun Shin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David J Charboneau
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Reisman
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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2
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Marquès C, González-Lizana D, Diaba F, Bonjoch J. Synthesis of the ABC Core of Daphniphyllum Alkaloids with a [5-6-7] Azatricyclic Scaffold via Ring Expansion of Azabicyclic and Azatricyclic Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10212-10222. [PMID: 38950520 PMCID: PMC11267610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The [5-6-7] azatricyclic ABC core, found in several Daphniphyllum alkaloids, has been synthesized through a novel route involving ring expansion of a perhydroindolone to afford the AC ring system and a radical B ring closure as key steps. The level of functionalization of the reported octahydro-1,7-ethanocyclohepta[b]pyrroles suggests that they can serve as valuable building blocks in this alkaloid field. Also reported is the first synthesis of homomorphans by the ring enlargement of 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Marquès
- Laboratori de Química
Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David González-Lizana
- Laboratori de Química
Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Faïza Diaba
- Laboratori de Química
Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química
Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Escolano M, Gaviña D, Alzuet-Piña G, Díaz-Oltra S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Recent Strategies in the Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1122-1246. [PMID: 38166390 PMCID: PMC10902862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have become fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis since they allow for the generation of three-dimensional complexity from two-dimensional precursors, bridging arene feedstocks with alicyclic structures. When those processes are applied to pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, partially or fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles are formed, which are among the most significant structural components of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The inherent challenge of those transformations lies in the low reactivity of heteroaromatic substrates, which makes the dearomatization process thermodynamically unfavorable. Usually, connecting the dearomatization event to the irreversible formation of a strong C-C, C-H, or C-heteroatom bond compensates the energy required to disrupt the aromaticity. This aromaticity breakup normally results in a 1,2- or 1,4-functionalization of the heterocycle. Moreover, the combination of these dearomatization processes with subsequent transformations in tandem or stepwise protocols allows for multiple heterocycle functionalizations, giving access to complex molecular skeletons. The aim of this review, which covers the period from 2016 to 2022, is to update the state of the art of nucleophilic dearomatizations of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, showing the extraordinary ability of the dearomative methodology in organic synthesis and indicating their limitations and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet-Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Zhang W, Lu M, Ren L, Zhang X, Liu S, Ba M, Yang P, Li A. Total Synthesis of Four Classes of Daphniphyllum Alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26569-26579. [PMID: 38032297 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The macrodaphniphyllamine-type, calyciphylline A-type, daphnilongeranin A-type, and daphnicyclidin D-type alkaloids are four structurally related classes of Daphniphyllum alkaloids. On the basis of a systematic analysis of the biogenetic network of these classes, we developed synthetic strategies centered on the C4-N and C1-C8 bonds of calyciphylline A, which took full advantage of the suitable substrates, reactions, and pathways that are altered from their counterparts in the postulated biogenetic network. Through this generalized biomimetic approach, we achieved the first synthesis of 14 Daphniphyllum alkaloids from the four subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaonan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengyu Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Zou YP, Lai ZL, Zhang MW, Peng J, Ning S, Li CC. Total Synthesis of (±)- and (-)-Daphnillonin B. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10998-11004. [PMID: 37167083 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of (±)- and (-)-daphnillonin B, a daphnicyclidin-type alkaloid with a new [7-6-5-7-5-5] A/B/C/D/E/F hexacyclic core, has been achieved. The [6-5-7] B/C/D ring system was efficiently and diastereoselectively constructed via a mild type I intramolecular [5+2] cycloaddition, followed by a Grubbs II catalyst-catalyzed radical cyclization. The [5-5] fused E/F ring system was synthesized via a diastereoselective intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction. Notably, the synthetically challenging [7-6-5-7-5-5] hexacyclic core was reassembled by a unique Wagner-Meerwein-type rearrangement from the [6-6-5-7-5-5] hexacyclic framework found in calyciphylline A-type Daphniphyllum alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Zou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng-Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianzhao Peng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuai Ning
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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He J, Yang L, Zhang X, Xu W, Wang H, Lang M, Wang J, Peng S. Stereodivergent Syntheses of N-heterocycles by Catalyst-Controlled Reaction of Imidazolidines with Allenes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyin He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wendi Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Lang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyong Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People’s Republic of China
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Tu J, Clark MM, Harmata M. First synthesis of an ABCE ring substructure of daphnicyclidin A. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6547-6549. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ABCE tetracyclic ring system of daphnicyclidin A was prepared using an intramolecular (4 + 3) cycloaddition of an oxidopyridinium ion as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhuo Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Madison M. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Michael Harmata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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